This document discusses three ancient Greek philosophers - Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle - and their contributions to philosophy and education. Socrates established the Socratic method of questioning beliefs and examining one's own knowledge. Plato introduced discussion as a teaching method and advocated for co-education. Aristotle studied different customs and literature, established principles in physics, and defined branches of knowledge. He influenced Western philosophy, science, and Islamic thought.

1. The Ancients
( Philosophy in Education )
Rebekah
Sharmilah
Tayatul
Amiera
Mogana
Hayati

2. Who are they?

3. Socrates
BACKGROUND
• One leading thinker of ancient Greek
philosopher
• born and raised up in Athens (469~399 BC).
• Was a soldier in the Peloponnesian War
against Sparta.
• Was the son of a stonemason and was always
maintained by the family business.
• Has a very strong sense of justice and
virtue.
• Accused of disrespect and humiliating the
youth of Athens.
• By accepting the death penalty, and drinking
the deadly hemlock, he became immortal

4. • helped to lay the foundations of
Western thought.
• concerned himself with the conduct of
human life.
• aimed at determining how man could
achieve true happiness and live a good
life.
• “If a man had the knowledge of what
is good, he would always act on it. “
• establish a universal and absolute
morality by the exercise of reason and
come to an understanding of what was
good.

5. Socrates
CONTRIBUTIONS
• Known as the Socratic method or method of "elenchus“
• largely applied to the examination of key moral concepts such
as the Good and Justice
To Illustrate The Use Of The Socratic Method
• A series of questions are posed to help a person or group to
determine their underlying beliefs and the extent of their
knowledge.
• A teacher poses a simple question such as ‘what is truth’-
when a student answer the question, the teacher asks another
question that make to think more deeply and offer a new answer.
• The process continues until they feel that the analysis has
gone as far as they can take it at the moment.
• It was designed to force one to examine one's own beliefs and
the validity of such beliefs.

6. • Socrates argued that moral excellence was
more a matter of divine bequest than
parental nurture.
• This belief may have contributed to his lack
of anxiety about the future of his own sons.
• His doctrine of the soul led him to the
belief that all virtues converge into one,
which is the good, or knowledge of one's
true self and purposes through the course of
a lifetime.

7. Plato
BACKGROUND
• Born around the year 428 BC
in Athens
• Aristocles / Platon
• Keeping his family history in
politics
• Music n poetry
• Met Socrates as his ultimate
teacher
• Influenced him a lot
• Died in 347 BC

8. Plato
CONTRIBUTIONS
• Introduced the discussion as a teaching method.
• Co-education (mathematics, poetry, music and literature) for
elementary school
• Physical education for military training
• Mathematics, literature and philosophy for higher education.
• Women education

9. Aristotle
BACKGROUND
• Greek philosopher who was born in
Stagirus.
• Enrolled in Plato’s Academy when
he was seventeen.
• Tutored Alexander in 338 B.E.C.
• Found his own school, The Lyceum
in Athens.
• Favourite subject were Physics,
Biology, Metaphysics and Ethics.
• Was the first genuine scientist in
history.

10. Aristotle
• Studied education in foreign customs and
literature
• Golden Mean
• Influenced by Plato and Socrates
• Influenced Western and Christian philosophy,
science and Islamic most
CONTRIBUTIONS
• Teaching of such subjects.
• Defining and classifying the various branches of
knowledge.
• Established important principles in physics.

11. Chronology of the
Ancients