Ancient Philosophers.
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This document discusses three ancient Greek philosophers - Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle - and their contributions to philosophy and education. Socrates established the Socratic method of questioning beliefs and examining one's own knowledge. Plato introduced discussion as a teaching method and advocated for co-education. Aristotle studied different customs and literature, established principles in physics, and defined branches of knowledge. He influenced Western philosophy, science, and Islamic thought.
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Socrates (470-399 BCE) was an Athenian philosopher who questioned the moral and political values of his time through dialectic discussions. He believed that an examined interior life focused on virtue, truth, and wisdom was more important than wealth, fame or power. Accused of corrupting the youth of Athens, Socrates refused to escape his death sentence through hemlock poisoning, remaining committed to his philosophical ideals. His influence shaped later philosophers like Plato, as he pioneered inductive reasoning and the Socratic method of questioning beliefs.
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Socrates (470-399 BC) was an influential ancient Greek philosopher known as the father of western philosophy. He did not write anything himself, and what we know about him comes from writings by his students Plato and Xenophon. Socrates taught his students through questioning and examination of moral values and ethics rather than wealth, fame, and power as the Sophists claimed. He was eventually sentenced to death by drinking poison hemlock for allegedly corrupting the youth of Athens and impiety, but his teachings and approach to philosophy had a profound legacy.
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Socrates (470-399 BCE) was an Athenian philosopher who questioned the moral and political values of his time through dialectic discussions. He believed that an examined interior life focused on virtue, truth, and wisdom was more important than wealth, fame or power. Accused of corrupting the youth of Athens, Socrates refused to escape his death sentence through hemlock poisoning, remaining committed to his philosophical ideals. His influence shaped later philosophers like Plato, as he pioneered inductive reasoning and the Socratic method of questioning beliefs.
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1. Early Greek philosophers known as the pre-Socratics sought to understand the fundamental substance or principle that constituted reality. Thinkers like Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes proposed different primary substances like water, the boundless, and air respectively.
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3. Socrates used dialectic questioning to investigate truth while Plato argued reason was more reliable than the senses. Their ideas influenced later Greek philosophy along with other traditions discussed.
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Ancient Philosophers.
- 1. The Ancients ( Philosophy in Education ) Rebekah Sharmilah Tayatul Amiera Mogana Hayati
- 3. Socrates BACKGROUND • One leading thinker of ancient Greek philosopher • born and raised up in Athens (469~399 BC). • Was a soldier in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta. • Was the son of a stonemason and was always maintained by the family business. • Has a very strong sense of justice and virtue. • Accused of disrespect and humiliating the youth of Athens. • By accepting the death penalty, and drinking the deadly hemlock, he became immortal
- 4. • helped to lay the foundations of Western thought. • concerned himself with the conduct of human life. • aimed at determining how man could achieve true happiness and live a good life. • “If a man had the knowledge of what is good, he would always act on it. “ • establish a universal and absolute morality by the exercise of reason and come to an understanding of what was good.
- 5. Socrates CONTRIBUTIONS • Known as the Socratic method or method of "elenchus“ • largely applied to the examination of key moral concepts such as the Good and Justice To Illustrate The Use Of The Socratic Method • A series of questions are posed to help a person or group to determine their underlying beliefs and the extent of their knowledge. • A teacher poses a simple question such as ‘what is truth’- when a student answer the question, the teacher asks another question that make to think more deeply and offer a new answer. • The process continues until they feel that the analysis has gone as far as they can take it at the moment. • It was designed to force one to examine one's own beliefs and the validity of such beliefs.
- 6. • Socrates argued that moral excellence was more a matter of divine bequest than parental nurture. • This belief may have contributed to his lack of anxiety about the future of his own sons. • His doctrine of the soul led him to the belief that all virtues converge into one, which is the good, or knowledge of one's true self and purposes through the course of a lifetime.
- 7. Plato BACKGROUND • Born around the year 428 BC in Athens • Aristocles / Platon • Keeping his family history in politics • Music n poetry • Met Socrates as his ultimate teacher • Influenced him a lot • Died in 347 BC
- 8. Plato CONTRIBUTIONS • Introduced the discussion as a teaching method. • Co-education (mathematics, poetry, music and literature) for elementary school • Physical education for military training • Mathematics, literature and philosophy for higher education. • Women education
- 9. Aristotle BACKGROUND • Greek philosopher who was born in Stagirus. • Enrolled in Plato’s Academy when he was seventeen. • Tutored Alexander in 338 B.E.C. • Found his own school, The Lyceum in Athens. • Favourite subject were Physics, Biology, Metaphysics and Ethics. • Was the first genuine scientist in history.
- 10. Aristotle • Studied education in foreign customs and literature • Golden Mean • Influenced by Plato and Socrates • Influenced Western and Christian philosophy, science and Islamic most CONTRIBUTIONS • Teaching of such subjects. • Defining and classifying the various branches of knowledge. • Established important principles in physics.
- 11. Chronology of the Ancients