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Dr.Jaganmohana Rao Gurugubelli, profile picture
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Project Method

The project method emphasizes learning through purposeful activities carried out individually or in groups over time. It has its origins in Dewey's philosophy of pragmatism. Key principles include learning by doing, cooperation, and psychological laws of readiness, exercise, and effect. Teachers first create a problematic situation to spark student interest. Students then plan and execute a project to address the problem, evaluating their work upon completion. While time-intensive, the project method aims to develop skills like self-confidence, critical thinking, and independent learning through hands-on experiences.

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PROJECT METHOD Dr. G. Jaganmohana Rao Faculty of Education MITE, Kohima
Introduction: The base of this method lies in the philosophy of pragmatism. This method emphasizes on building a comprehensive unit around an activity which may be carried out in school or outside. The essence of this method lies in the fact that a group of students do a purposeful task. This implies the students undertake the activity in a group or individually over a period of time. It may include a number of activities and the end product is in the form of written report or a display. Project method is of American origin and is an outcome of Dewey’s philosophy or pragmatism. However, this method is developed and advocated by Dr.Kilpatrick.
Definitions: “Project is a bit of real life that has been imported into school” – Ballard “A project is a unit of wholehearted purposeful activity carried on preferably in its natural setting” – Dr.Kilpatrick “A project is a problematic act carried to completion in its natural setting”. – Stevenson. Thus, project is a purposeful activity and planned activity which is achieved in social, natural situations created in schools.
Basic principles of project method: Psychological principles of learning Learning by doing Learning by living Children learn better through association, co-operation and activity. Psychological laws of learning Law of readiness Law of exercise Law of effect
Steps Involved in Project Method: Step-1: Creating the situation: The teacher creates problematic situation in front of students while creating the appropriate situation student’s interest and abilities should be given due importance. Step-2: Proposing and choosing the project: while choosing a problem teacher should stimulate discussions by making suggestions. The proposed project should be according to the rear need of students. The purpose of the project should be well defined and understood by the children. Step-3: Planning the project: for the success of the project, planning of project is very import. The children should plan out the project under the guidance of their teacher.
Step-4: Execution of the project: every child should contribute actively in the execution of the project. It is the longest step in the project. Step-5: Evaluation of the project: when the project is completed the teacher and the children should evaluate it jointly discussed whether the objectives of the project have been achieved or not. Step-6: Recording of the project: the children maintain a complete record of the project work. While recording the project some points like how the project was planned, what discussion were made, how duties were assigned, hot it was evaluate etc. should be kept in mind.
Merits:  This is based on various psychological laws and principles.  It develops self-confidence and self-discipline among the students  It provides ample scope for training.  It provides score for independent work and individual development.  It promotes habits of critical thinking and encourages the students to adopt problem-solving methods.  This method the children are active participants in the learning task.  This is based on principle of activity, reality, effect, and learning by doing etc.  It develops discovery attitude in the child.  It provides self-motivation as the students themselves select plan and execute the project.
Demerits: • It takes more time & not economical. • The knowledge is not acquired in a sequential and systematic manner • It is very difficult to complete the whole syllabus by the use of this method. • Textbooks and instructional materials are hardly available. • The project method does not provide necessary drill and practice for the learners of the subject. • The project method is uneconomical in terms of time and is not possible to fit into the regular time table. • Teaching is disorganized • This method is not suitable for a fixed curriculum.
Role of the Teacher: Teacher must be a friend, guide and working partner. Teacher must have through knowledge of individual student and allot work accordingly. Provide democratic atmosphere. He should learn with students and should not claim to know everything. Some projects for mathematics: A few projects suitable for high school mathematics are listed below Execution of school bank. Running stationary stores in the school. Laying out a school garden. Executing the activities of mathematics clubs Collection of data regarding population, death rate, birth rate etc.
Conclusion: Though project method provides a practical approach to learning. It is difficult to follow this method for teaching mathematics. However this method may be tried along with formal classroom teaching without disturbing the school timetable. This method leads to understanding and develops the ability to apply knowledge. The teacher has to work as a careful guide during the execution of the project.
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