This document discusses various internet connection options provided by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). It describes the most common connection types including voice-grade telephone lines, broadband connections like Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and cable modems, leased lines, and wireless connections. It also explains key concepts like bandwidth, symmetric vs. asymmetric connections, and different connection speed tiers.

1. 1
Internet Connection
Option
Week 03

2. 2
INTERNET
A global computer network providing a variety of
information and communication facilities,
consisting of interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols.
COMPANIES that provides internet access called
Internet Access Providers (IAP) or
Internet Service providers (ISP)

3. 3
Connectivity Overview
ISPs offer several ways to connect the internet.
The most common internet connection are;
• Voice-Grade telephone lines
• Broadband Connections
• Leased Line Connections
• Wireless Connections

4. Connectivity Overview
• ONE OF THE MAJOR DISTINGUISH
FACTORS BETWEEN VARIOUS ISPs AND
THEIR CONNECTION OPTION IS THE
BANNDWIDTH
• BANDWIDTH is the amount of data that
can travel through a communication
medium per unit of time.
• BANNDWIDTH can differ from data traveling
to or from the ISP depending on the USERS
CONNECTION TYPES.

5. Connectivity Overview
Two types of BANDWIDTH
• UPSTREAM or UPLOAD BANDWIDTH
Measure amount of information from the user to
the Internet.
• DOWNSTREAM or DOWNLOAD BANDWIDTH
Measure amount of information from the Internet
to the User.

6. USERS CONNECTION TYPES.
• Symmetric Connection
• Asymmetric Connection

7. USERS CONNECTION TYPES
• Symmetric Connection;
Symmetric (also symmetrical) refers to any system
in which data speed or quantity is the same in
both directions, averaged over time.
Examples include two-way radio, standard
twisted-pair telephone Internet
connections, cable modem Internet connections
in which the cable is used for transmission as
well as for reception, and full-motion
videoconferencing.

8. USERS CONNECTION TYPES
• Asymmetric Connection;
In telecommunications, the term asymmetric (also
asymmetrical or non-symmetrical) refers to any
system in which the data speed or quantity
differs in one direction as compared with the
other direction, averaged over time.
• Example of asymmetric communications, see
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ADCL or
DSL.

9. Connectivity Overview
• Voice-Grade telephone Connections;
The most common way for an individual to connect to an
ISP is through a MODEM CONNECTED TO YOUR
LOCAL TELEPHONBE SERVICE PROVIDER. Plain
old telephone service (POTS) is the voice-grade
telephone service that is based on analog signal
transmission). Plain old telephone service (POTS)
is the voice-grade telephone service that is based on
analog signal transmission,
• SPEED between 28 and 56 kbps.
• Some organization provide Digital Subscriber Line
(DSL), speed is 123 and 256 kbps

10. Connectivity Overview
Broadband Connections;
• Connection that operate at speed greater then
about 200 kbps is called broad band services.
• The term broadband commonly refers to high-speed
Internet access that is always on and
faster than the traditional dial-up access.
Broadband includes several high-speed
transmission technologies such as:
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Cable Modem

11. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
DSL is a wireline transmission technology that transmits data faster
over traditional copper telephone lines already installed to homes
and businesses. DSL-based broadband provides transmission
speeds ranging from several hundred Kbps to millions of bits per
second (Mbps).
Faster forms of DSL typically available to businesses include:
• High data rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL); and
• Very High data rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL).
The following are types of DSL transmission technologies ;
• Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
• Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)

12. Cable modem service enables cable operators to provide broadband
using the same coaxial cables that deliver pictures and sound to
your TV set.
• Most cable modems are external devices that have two
connections: one to the cable wall outlet, the other to a computer.
They provide transmission speeds of 1.5 Mbps or more.
• Subscribers can access their cable modem service by simply
turning on their computers, without dialing-up an ISP. You can still
watch cable TV while using it. Transmission speeds vary depending
on the type of cable modem, cable network, and traffic load.
Speeds are comparable to DSL.
• Voice Grade Lines for rural customers and less costly
• Data grade lines made more carefully and of higher grade
copper then voice grade lines

13. Leased Line Connections
• Large firm with large amount of internet traffic can
connect to ISP using higher bandwidth connections that
they can lease from telecommunications carriers.
• The connection technologies they use were originally
developed to carry large numbers of telephone calls.
• A telephone line designed to carry digital signal is called
DS0 (DIGITAL SIGNAL ZERO) has BANDWIDTH IS 56
KBPS.
• T1 or DS1 carrying 24 DS0 lines and operates 1.544
mbps.
• Fractional T1 speed is 128 kbps or upward.
• T3 or DS3 having 30 T1 lines or 760 DSO lines and
speed is 44.736 mbps
• NAPs in large organization used T1 and T3 lines.

14. Wireless Connections
• Many people in modrenages and in rural areas,
satellite microwave transmissions have made
connections to the internet possible for the first
time. Dish antenna is the first example.
• Bluetooth and ultra wideband (UWB)
• Wireless Ethernet (Wi-Fi)
• Fixed Point Wireless