Production methods rely on efficiency, which can be measured in productivity, technical efficiency, and productive efficiency. Common production methods include job production for one-off orders, flow production for mass market products, and batch production where each stage is completed on a group of products. The choice of production method depends on factors like the product, costs, scale of production, and complexity. Kaizen is a Japanese philosophy of continuous incremental improvement involving everyone in the organization. It focuses on reducing waste and defects through techniques like lean production, quality control, and punctuality.