Metallurgy in india
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The document provides an overview of metallurgy in ancient India. It discusses the commonly used metals like gold, silver, copper, and iron. It highlights India's early achievements in metallurgy, including the Iron Pillar of Delhi which was constructed in the 5th century CE and has not rusted due to its unique composition. The pillar was originally located elsewhere and moved to its current location in front of a mosque in 1191 CE. India has a proud heritage in fields like metallurgy, mathematics, and astronomy.
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The document provides an overview of the metal casting industry, including:
1. It defines metal casting as a process where liquid metal is poured into a mold and solidifies. It discusses the history of metal casting dating back 6000 years.
2. It describes different types of metals used in ancient Egypt like gold, silver, copper, tin, bronze, and iron. It also discusses the extraction process for iron.
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Industrial metallurgy
Metallurgy is the study of physical and chemical behavior of metals and their alloys. The earliest evidence of metallurgy dates back 5000 years to ancient civilizations like ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Throughout history, metallurgy advanced with innovations like extracting copper and tin to make bronze around 3500 BC, and iron around 1200 BC. Metals are extracted from ores through processes like mining, crushing, concentration, and smelting, and shaped using techniques like casting, forging, rolling, and machining. The properties of metals can be modified through heat treatments and alloying with other elements.
ME6403 - ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND METALLURGY BY Mr.ARIVUMANI RAVANAN /AP/MEC...
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Unit 1 discusses the constitution of alloys and phase diagrams, including classifications of materials, bonding types, crystal structures, imperfections, solid solutions, and iron-carbon phase diagrams.
Unit 2 covers heat treatment processes such as hardening, annealing, normalizing and tempering.
Unit 3 examines the effects of alloying elements on ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
Unit 4 explores non-metallic materials including polymers, ceramics, and composites.
Unit 5 analyzes mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms like hardness testing, impact testing, fatigueMS4SSAsssssssss-IntroductiontoMetals.ppt
This document summarizes the history and applications of metals. It discusses the early use of metals like copper and bronze in ancient civilizations. The Iron Age introduced iron smelting around 2000 BC. Important developments included cast iron production in 800 AD, steelmaking in 500 AD, and Abraham Darby's coking process in 1709. Modern applications mentioned include uses of metals in cookware, medicine via gold nanoparticles, electronics, alloys for implants, and new catalysts for fuel cells.
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- 1. METALLURGY IN INDIA REF: S. Srinivasan and S. Ranganathan Department of Metallurgy, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
- 2. The commonly used metals in antiquity include gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc and mercury.
- 3. Let’s have a brief review on synoptic look at some aspects of the early use of metal in a global perspective. It throws light on some of the achievements of ancient Indian metallurgists. Its heritage in metallurgy, medicine, mathematics and astronomy is a matter of pride for India.
- 4. IRON
- 5. Iron occurs in the native metal state as meteoric iron which was exploited by the North American Indians to make weapons.
- 6. Meteoric swords are better than late bronze and early iron in terms of strength and durability, but cannot compare to modern steel, even the most basic 1045 carbon steel will be stronger. Meteoric swords have no special properties (other than in some cases rust resistance), they were not harder, not stronger and nort sharper - just very unique, rare, and of course, very cool!
- 7. Several other contemporary sword makers have also tried their hand at making meteoric swords - another well known example was inspired by the Meteoric swords in the movie 'the Last Airbender'.
- 9. The kingdom of martial art- Kalari payattu
- 10. The iron pillar of Delhi is a structure 23 feet 8 inches (7.2 metres) high with 16 inches (40.64 cm) diameter that was constructed by Chandragupta II (reigned c. 375–415 CE), and now stands in the Qutb complex at Mehrauli in Delhi, India.
- 11. Why was Iron pillar made? According to a popular translation of the Brahmi script upon the Iron Pillar of Delhi, the pillar was made for a king (presumably of the Gupta period, given the era of its creation). ... Inscriptions on the Iron Pillar in Qutab Minar complex. It was also made to honour one of the most important Hindu gods – Vishnu.
- 12. Why Iron Pillar has not rusted? Iron pillar of Qutub Minar is not rusted because it was made by 98% wrought iron. Presence of high amounts of phosphorus (as much as 1 per cent against less than 0.05 per cent in today's iron) and absence of sulphur/magnesium in the iron are the main reasons for its longevity.
- 13. Who shifted Mehrauli pillar? However, in 1191, when King Prithviraj Chauhan who was the grandson of Anangpal, was defeated by Muhammad Ghori army, Qutb-ud-din Aibak built a mosque named Quwwat-ul-Islam in Lal Kot. It was then the pillar was moved from its original location to its current position in front of the mosque.