This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
Amaravati Stupa - Featured COMMENTS
Amaravati Stupa great monuments at Amaravati are all in ruins. Practically nothing is left on the site. however , a large number of slabs of white or grey limestone resembling marble that forms parts of panels, friezes, rails and pillars recovered from the old site
https://www.swamirara.com//
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
The presentation is based on the monolithic free standing pillar architecture of India with special focus on the Mauryan pillars. This is not for personal academic benefits... this is for the students of UG and PG..
This PPT is for educational purpose not for commercial and not even for API purpose.
This is prepared for the students of art, architecture and archaeology.
Hoysala Temples special Reference to HalebidVirag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
Amaravati Stupa - Featured COMMENTS
Amaravati Stupa great monuments at Amaravati are all in ruins. Practically nothing is left on the site. however , a large number of slabs of white or grey limestone resembling marble that forms parts of panels, friezes, rails and pillars recovered from the old site
https://www.swamirara.com//
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
The presentation is based on the monolithic free standing pillar architecture of India with special focus on the Mauryan pillars. This is not for personal academic benefits... this is for the students of UG and PG..
This PPT is for educational purpose not for commercial and not even for API purpose.
This is prepared for the students of art, architecture and archaeology.
Hoysala Temples special Reference to HalebidVirag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Odisha Temple Architecture: Bhuvaneshwar and PuriVirag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
"Divine Sanctuaries: Exploring the Magnificence of Hindu Temples"kushwahanitesh592
Hindu temples, often referred to as "mandirs," stand as majestic architectural marvels, embodying centuries of cultural, spiritual, and artistic heritage. These sacred structures serve as focal points for devotion, community, and cultural expression within the Hindu faith. From the grandeur of the Khajuraho temples to the serene tranquility of the Mahabodhi Temple, each Hindu temple offers a unique glimpse into the profound depth of Hindu philosophy, mythology, and religious practices.
Introduction to Hindu Temples:
Hindu temples hold a central place in the religious and cultural landscape of India and beyond. These sacred edifices are dedicated to various deities from the Hindu pantheon, including Vishnu, Shiva, Devi, Ganesha, and others, reflecting the diversity of beliefs and practices within Hinduism. While the architectural styles and design elements may vary across regions and time periods, Hindu temples share common features and symbolism that speak to the core tenets of the faith.
History of Architecture- Indo-Aryan Temples of OrissaVyshnaviMajety
A presentation on Indo-Aryan Temples of Orissa. The architectural features, elements, planning, and the history of the temples. Plans, Sections and Elevations of Puri Jagannath Temple, Lingaraj Temple, Sun Temple Konark, Raja Rani Temple, Mukteshwara Temple, Parasurameshwara Temple, Anantha Vasudeva Temple.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
It is also called as Dravidian architecture
Dravidian architecture (600AD-100AD) is an architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the India
It consists primarily of Hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse
Majority of the existing structures are located in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana.
A temple consisted of -- Vimanas, Gopurams, Mantapams and Chaultries.
Vimana It is the structure over the garbhagriha or inner sanctum in the Hindu temples of South India and Odisha in East India
A vast gateway, which led to different parts of the temple with pillars the length of its path, was known as the Mandapam-the porch.
A Gopuram or gopura is a monumental entrance tower, usually ornate, at the entrance.
A gopuram is usually a tapering oblong in form with ground-level wooden doors, often richly decorated, providing access.
Choultry is a resting place for travelers, visitors to a site, typically linked to Buddhist, Jain and Hindu temples.
In Southern India five kingdoms and empires stamped their influence on architecture during different times.
Discovering the Ancient Canvas: Exploring the Scientific Documentation Proces...Banaras Hindu University
Documenting rock art sites is crucial for preserving and understanding humanity's ancient cultural heritage. The presentation delves into the scientific documentation process of rock art, exploring its significance, methods, and implications for future generations. The presentation begins by defining documentation and its importance in recording and preserving rock art sites for posterity. It highlights the necessity of documentation, emphasising its role in safeguarding cultural heritage and facilitating scholarly research. The immense value of documentation for future generations is underscored, emphasising its role in preserving invaluable evidence of our ancestors' artistic expressions and cultural practices. Various documentation methods are discussed, from traditional approaches to modern scientific techniques. The presentation reviews previous attempts at rock art documentation, identifying important works and methodologies employed by scholars in the field. It outlines a comprehensive documentation process, starting with planning and preparation and ending with on-site data collection, analysis and off-site table work and lab analysis.
Case studies are presented to illustrate the application of the documentation process, providing insights into the practical aspects of rock art research. The presentation also discusses ethical considerations and guiding principles for conducting insightful and culturally sensitive rock art research. The importance of assembling a multidisciplinary team is emphasised, highlighting the diverse expertise required for a holistic understanding of rock art sites. Detailed lists of general accessories and scientific equipment are provided for field and laboratory work. The presentation offers a final mantra for successful rock art research, emphasising patience, in-depth site understanding, multidisciplinary collaboration, and ethical engagement with local communities. By adhering to these principles, researchers can contribute to preserving and interpreting humanity's ancient cultural heritage for generations to come.
This presentation is prepared for the participants of the 'Art Apreciation' course conducted by Bihar Museum, Patna, Bihar on dated 15.05.2022 at 04:00-05:00 PM.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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2. House of Heavenly Divine
मन्दिर+द्वार िेव+आलय=िेवालय Temple/Shrine प्रासाद+देवरा/देव-स्थल
Nomenclature/Terminology
मंदिर मंदिर प्रति करर सोधा। देखे जहँ िहँ अगतिि जोधा।।
गयउ दसािि मंदिर माह ीं।अति बिचित्र कहह जाि सो िाह ीं।।
सयि ककए देखा कपि िेह । मंदिर महँ ि द खख िैदेह ।।
भवि एक िति द ख सहावा। हरर मंदिर िहँ भभन्ि ििावा।।
Hanumanji searched each & every palace in Lanka
& then he entered Ravana’s palace, but even there
he could not find Sita. Further, he spotted a
beautiful temple, which was surrounded by many
tulsi plants & inside was the carving of the bow &
arrow of Shri Ram. Seeing this, Kapiraj Hanuman
was very happy, but thought to himself that in
Lanka, where only demons lived, who could have
made Shri Ram’s temple. ।।4।।
सुदिर काण्ड
श्रीरामिररिमािस
a place that is important to
a particular person or group
of people for religious
reasons or because it is
connected with a special
person.
पवभिष्ट व्यक्ति या सामाक्जक
वगग के भलए, धाभमगक कारणों
से या व्यक्ति-पविेष से
सींिींचधि होिे के कारण
महत्विूणग कोई स्थल, मींहदर,
िूजास्थल, मक़िरा, समाचध
10. Plan of an apsidal temple at Udayagiri and Sanchi
11. Early Literary Sources:
1. िृहत्सींहहिा वाराहभमहहर- ६ठी ििाब्द सीं- 20 Variety of Temples
2. मत्स्य िराण
3. भपवष्य िराण
4. दक्षिण के िारायण िींिूहदर िाि- देवालय िींहिका'
5. 'लिण सार समच्िय‘
6. समरांगणसूत्रधार - धार के िरमार राजा भोज (1000–1055 ई)-
सूत्रधार मींडि - 'प्रासादमण्डिम ्‘
7. पवश्वकमगप्रकाि वास्ििास्त्रम्- महपषग अभय कात्यायि – 1946
8. सप्रभेदागम- ग्रीवमारभ्य िाष्टाश्रीं पवमािीं िापवडाख्यकम्।
(सप्रभेद. 1, 31, 40)
9. करणागम: वेहद प्रभृति िाष्टाश्रीं िापवडीं िेति कीतिगििम्। (करण.
1, 7, 117)
10.सित्कमार वास्ििास्त्र
11.वास्िमण्डि
12.ब्रह्मिराण (मख्यिः वास्ििास्त्र)
13.मािसार भिल्ििास्त्र
14.दििल न्याग्रोध िररमण्डल
15.िम्भद्भापषि प्रतिमालिण पववरणम्
16.मयमिम् (मयासर द्वारा रचिि, कल ३६ अध्याय, ३३०० से
अचधक श्लोक)
17.वास्िकमगप्रकािम्
शिल्परत्न- श्रीकमार 16th century CE=
हहमालय से लेकर पवींध्यािल िक साक्त्वक गणों के िागर,
पवींध्यािल से लेकर कृ ष्णा िक राजस गणों के िापवड रर
कृ ष्णा से लेकर कन्यान्ि िक िामस गणों वाले वेसर िैल
के प्रासादों के तिमागण की िरींिरा रह है –
नागरं सान्त्वके िेिे राजसे द्राववडं भवेत्।
वेसरं तामसे िेिे क्रमेण पररकीततता:।।
12. Samarangana Sutradhara (11th Cen. CE)
1. Nagara/North Indian (Between Himalaya to Vindhya)
2. Dravid/South India (Between River Krishna to Kanyakumari)
3. Varata/Vesara/Chalukyan/Karnati (Between Vindhya to Krishna River)
13. Characteristics of Nagara
Temple style
Acc. to Kamika Agama (काभमकागम)
One of the longest Agamas followed by
most of the temples in South India.
And
Mayamata (मयमि) (1000 CE) of Mayamuni
dealing with the “science of architecture”
(vāstuvidyā). South Indian texts-
Plan- Square Plane with a number of graduated
projections in the middle of each side on the
exterior.
Cuneiform Shape, Chaturasara and Ayaataasra
Elevation- 08 Constituent parts-
Mula (root)-Masuraka (Plinth)-Jangha (wall)-
Kapota (cornice)-Superstructure Tower
(Curvilinear) with local features, vertical planes
(ratha-3,5,7,9)- gala (neck)- amalasaraka –
Kumbha with sula
14. Nagara
•Nagara is the style of temple architecture which became
popular in Northern India.
•It is common here to build an entire temple on a stone
platform with steps leading up to it.
•Earliest temples had only one shikhara (tower), but in the
later periods, multiple shikharas came.
•The garbhagriha is always located directly under the tallest
tower.
15.
16.
17. Dravida
• Dravida temple is enclosed within a compound wall.
•The front wall has an entrance gateway in its centre, which is known as Gopura/ Gopuram.
•The shape of the main temple tower is known as Vimana (shikhara in nagara style).
•The vimana is like a stepped pyramid that rises up geometrically rather than the curving shikhara of north India.
•In south India, the word Shikhara is used only for the crowning element at the top of the temple which is usually
shaped like a small stupika or an octagonal cupola (this is equivalent to the amalaka or kalasha of north Indian
temples).
•In north Indian temples, we can see images such as Mithunas (erotic) and the river goddesses, Ganga and Yamuna
guarding the temple. But in the Dravida style of temple architecture, instead of these sculptures, we can see the
sculptures of fierce dvarapalas or door keepers guarding the temple.
•A large water reservoir or a temple tank enclosed in the complex is general in south Indian temples.
•Subsidiary shrines are either incorporated within the main temple tower or located as a distinct, separate small shrine
beside the main temple.
•The north Indian idea of multiple shikharas rising together as a cluster was not popular in Dravida style.
•At some of the most sacred temples in south India, the main temple in which the garbhagriha is situated has, in fact,
one of the smallest towers.
•This is because it is usually the oldest part of the temple.
•When the population and the size of the town associated with the temple increased, it would have become necessary
to make a new boundary wall around the temple (and also associated structures).
•An example for this is the Srirangam temple at Thiruchirapally, which has as many as seven concentric rectangular
enclosure walls, each with gopurams.
18.
19.
20. •Just as the nagara architecture has subdivisions, dravida temples also have subdivisions. These are basically of five
different shapes:
1.Kuta or caturasra – square
2.Shala or ayatasra – rectangular
3.Gaja-prishta or vrittayata (elephant backed) –elliptic
4.Vritta – circular
5.Ashtasra – octagonal
21.
22. Vesara
•The buildings in the Deccan region are hybridized style, which contains both elements from nagara
and Dravida architectural styles and is known in some ancient texts as the Vesara style.
•The vesara style became popular after the mid 7th century CE.
•-The temple height was reduced.
-The Vesara style also called the Chalukyan type possessed the Dravidian vimana and the Nagara- type faceted walls.
Most of the temples were contracted by the Rashtrakuta, Hoysala and Chalukya rulers.
23. Examples:
Chalukyas
1. Ravan Phadi cave, Aihole, Karnataka
2. Lad Khan Temple at Aihole, Karnataka
3. Durga Temple at Aihole, Karnataka
4. Temples at Pattadakkal, Karnataka
Rashtrakutas
•Their greatest achievement in architecture is the Kailasnath Temple at Ellora.
•The Jain temple at Pattadakkal was also built by Rashtrakutas.
Hoyasalas
•With the waning Chola and Pandya power, the Hoyasalas of Karnataka grew into prominence in south India and became the most
important patrons centred at Mysore.
•The three main temples of Hoyasala are the temples at Belur, Halebid and Somanathpuram.
•The most characteristic feature of these temples is that they grow extremely complex with so many projecting angles emerging from
the previously straightforward square temple so that the plan of these temples starts looking like a star. As the plan looks like a
star, it is known as stellate plan.
•They are usually made out of soapstone.
Vijayanagara
•The Vijayanagara Empire, which was founded in the 14th century, attracted a number of international travelers such as the
Italian, Nicoclo di Conti, the Portuguese Domingo Paes, Fernao Nuniz and Duarte Barbosa and the Afghan Abd, al- Razzaq, who
have left vivid accounts of the city.
•Architecturally, Vijayanagara synthesizes the centuries old dravida temple architecture with Islamic styles demonstrated by the
neighbouring Sultanates.