The document discusses the history and current state of using information and communication technologies (ICT) in education from 1995 to 2011. It notes that while teacher and student ICT skills and access to technology have increased significantly in that time period, ICT has had only a marginal impact on student learning. The document then covers learning content management systems (LCMS), which integrate authoring, storage, and delivery of digital learning objects (DLOs). It discusses common standards for e-learning technologies, including those developed by organizations like IMS Global, IEEE, ISO, and how they specify elements like data models, bindings, and APIs to ensure interoperability.