Group A will present on WBI development standards from IEEE, ADL, ISO, and IMS. They will discuss the history and current work of each standards organization. Berta Sanchez and Regina Miller will discuss ADL and its SCORM standard. Tanya Reber and Leisa Eiland will cover ISO and IMS respectively. The document provides background information on each standards body, including their goals of improving accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of online content.

1. Group A: 0754 EME6414C
Regina Miller, Tanya Reber, Leisa Eiland and
Berta Sanchez

2. Purpose and Objectives
 Group A: WBI development standards -
- IEEE, ADL, ISO, IMS emerging conceptual
specifications for the design of reusable
content within web-based training. These
standards are being used primarily in the
DoD, but have great implications for the
corporate, consumer, and academic markets
as well. Our group will present general
information on the standards organizations
and their current work.

3. Group A Organization
Berta Sanchez Regina Miller
ADL IEEE
Group A
WBI development
standards
Tanya Reber Leisa Eiland
ISO IMS

4. Introduction
According to Friesen (2004),
standards for e-learning
technology are normally
developed for systems design
and implementation to ensure
interoperability, portability,
and reusability which applies
to both the systems
themselves and of the content,
data, and managed processes.

5. Standards usually have many parts
consisting of the following:

6. The development of technical standards
in e-learning can be viewed as part of the
maturation of distance learning and
training via digital technology or
personal computer. (Friesen, 2004)

8. ADL HISTORY
 Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL)
Initiative was established in 1997 to
standardize and modernize training and
education management.
 It was developed by the Department of
Defense after they saw a need for on-demand
training for both individuals and units
worldwide.

9. ADL STANDARD?
 Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)
was developed by ADL Initiative. It is a collection of
technical standards, specifications, and guidelines
used for e-learning. The technical standards are
used to ensure that one can create a lesson using
SCORM and that lesson can be used in different
online Learning Management Systems without
having to make any changes.
 SCORM 2004 is the latest version of this reference
model, it focuses on defining a model for packaging
learning content and defining an API for enabling
communications between learning content and the
system that delivers it (Collier and Robson, 2002).

10. SCORM

11. SCORM
 Individuals or organizations create Sharable
Content Objects (SCOs). SCOs are launchable
and reusable learning objects that contain
units of learning.
 As you can see from the diagram below how
the SCOs get to the learner through the LMS.
(Source: Collier and Robson, 2002)

12. CREATING SCORM CONTENT
 Ways to create SCORM content.
 Use HTML and javascript to create the content
through code
 Use SCORM Authoring software
 Open Source Examples
 eXe eXeLearning
 Scenari
 Xerte
 Commercial Examples
 Articulate
 Captivate
 iSpring
 Use existing SCORM packages

13. SCORM COMPLIANT LMS
 There are many Learning Management
Systems, both open source and commercial,
that are able to use SCORM created lessons.
 Open Source Examples
 Moodle
 eFront
 Commercial Examples
 Desire2Learn
 SharePointLMS
 JoomlaCMS
 Blackboard Learning System

14. SCORM BOOKS
 According to the SCORM 2004 section FAQ
of the ADL website (n.d.), the SCORM guide
consists of four books that are used to create
SCORM conformant lessons.
Book 2
Content Aggregation Book 3
Book 1 Model Run-Time Book 4
Environment Sequencing and
• History • describes the components
Navigation
• Status used • describes the LMS
• Concepts • how to package requirements on using • describes how to
components the run-time environment sequence the objects
• Future
• how to describe the • information about the • how to branch or set the
Direction components SCOs in regard to API flow of the content.
• how to define and CMI Data Model
sequencing

15. BENEFITS TO USING SCORM
 In the ADL website, the SCORM 2004 section FAQ (n.d.) states, there are four
benefits to using SCORM:
• The ability to locate and access • The ability to take instructional components
instructional components from multiple developed in one system and use them in
locations and deliver them to other another system. For example, content
locations. For example, a content author packaged for delivery in one SCORM-
can search the ADL Registry and identify conformant LMS could be loaded into
relevant content that has already been another LMS that is conformant to the same
developed by another organization and version of SCORM for delivery to learners.
deploy that content on any LMS that is
conformant to the same version of
SCORM to learners anywhere in the
world.
Accessibility Interoperability
Durability Reusability
• The ability to withstand technology • The ability to withstand technology
evolution and/or changes without costly evolution and/or changes without costly
redesign, reconfiguration, or recoding. For redesign, reconfiguration, or recoding.
example, upgrading to a new computer For example, upgrading to a new
operating system should have no impact on the computer operating system should have
delivery of content to learners. no impact on the delivery of content to
learners.

16. IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)

17. Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
The IEEE “is a non-profit, technical professional
association of more than 380,000 individual
members in 150 countries” (IEEE, 2004, 1).
LTSC is the Learning Technology Standards Committee
(LTSC) of the (IEEE). Developed by communities or
forums.
Only individual experts, no organizations or enterprises can
join IEEE/LTSC.
•IEEE is an accredited standards development organization.
•IEEE is the most frequently referenced data model.

18. IEEE LTSC is currently divided into Four
Working Groups (WG) that are working on
the development of new specifications:
WG 4: Digital WG 11: Computer
Rights Expression managed
Language instruction
WG 20:
WG 12: Learning
Competency data
object metadata
standards
Stracke, C. M. (2006. )

19. The specifications developed by IEEE LTSC:
IEEE LTSC has developed six specifications ("technical
standards"):
IEEE 1484.1 "IEEE IEEE 1484.11.1 "IEEE IEEE 1484.11.2 "IEEE Standard
Standard for Learning Standard for Learning for Learning Technology —
Technology — Technology — ECMAScript Application
Data Model for Content Programming Interface for Content
Learning Technology Object Communication " to Runtime Services
Systems Architecture" Communication"
IEEE 1484.11.3 "IEEE IEEE 1484.12.3 "IEEE
Standard for Learning IEEE 1484.12.1 "IEEE Standard for Learning
Technology —
Standard for Learning Technology —
Extensible Markup Language Extensible Markup Language
(XML) Schema Binding for Technology —
(XML) Schema Definition
Data Learning Object Language Binding for Learning
Model for Content Object
Metadata" Object
Communication"
Stracke, C. M. (2006. )

20. IMS
IMS Global Consortium

21. History of IMS
 In 1997 the National Learning Infrastructure
Initiative of Educause began a project to create a set
of learning standards. The universities that
participated included California State
University, University of Michigan, and University of
North Carolina. The acronym IMS stood for
Instructional Management Systems; now the name
includes,”Global Consortium”. IMS got started in
higher education, quickly it evolved into a range of
learning environments; including corporate and
government training and K-12 education.

22. IMS Instructional Management
Systems: Stakeholders
courseware and software vendors
educational publishers
authoring tool developers/vendors
authors/content developers
educational institutions (including
administrators)
educators/instructors
administrative staff
students

23. IMS
 http://www.imsglobal.org/

24. IMS GLC Strategic Leadership Resources
Some of the resources are listed below:
E-Learning Learning Technology
Future Standards

25. Common Cartridge
 Common Cartridge is used to power Moodle
 Common Cartridge is one of the most popular
“products” shared by IMS.

26. IMS Campus Programs
 Florida Virtual School: Florida Virtual
School® manages growth with
interoperability standards

27. IMS Goals
“Improving the quality of and access to education is the
global challenge that underpins all other global
challenges. Harnessing the potential power of new
technologies that can enhance the reach and
effectiveness of education is a compelling priority for
society. The IMS Global Learning Consortium is a
unique collaboration of corporations, educational
institutions, and government organizations that can
play a significant role in recognizing advances in
technology that address key educational challenges
worldwide.” (IMS Global Consortium)

28. IMS Current Events
 Learning Impact 2012

29. ISO

30. WHY IS ISO
IMPORTANT?
 How can an organization guarantee that they have met
stringent quality standards, control quality, compete globally,
and save money? Auditing is the answer. Quality management
comes in all shapes and sizes; Kaizen, Six Sigma, TQM, ISO,
etc. ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
provides a system of standards which help to address the
needs of an organization. ISO provides organizations with a set
of international standards by which to measure quality
management and quality assurance. The standards allow
businesses to benchmark quality and management practices
against competitors. ISO can be used in any size organization.

31. How did ISO come about?
 According to ISO’s website, “In October 1946,
delegates from 25 countries, meeting at the
Institute of Civil Engineers in London, decided
to create a new international organization, of
which the object would be "to facilitate the
international coordination and unification of
industrial standards". The new organization,
ISO, officially began operations on 23
February 1947.”

32. Focus
 ISO’s popularity can be attributed to its worldwide
acceptance as a vehicle for process documentation.
It can be used in any size business. Organizations in
150 countries all over the world use, respect, and
recognize ISO quality management as the standard.
 ISO fulfilled a need for an accepted list of standards
that could be used worldwide. ISO was created when
two organizations for standards came together: ISA
(International Federation of the National
Standardizing Associations) and UNSCC (United
Nations Standards Coordinating Committee).

33. How can ISO be implemented
into an organization ?
 Easily! If a quality management system
exists, a gap analysis will help identify what
needs to be done to implement this system.
Bridge the gap between what is to what
should. Fixing the gaps will improve overall
efficiency while inching towards ISO
compliance. How will an organization know if
it is “on track” without a plan? ISO is the plan

34. ISO focuses on eight (8) steps to ensure an organization
complies to the stringent standards that are set.
Customer Leadership Involvement Decision
Focus of People Making
System
Approach to Continual Process Supplier
management improvement Approach Relations

35. What are the needs of current
and future customers?
 Fulfilling the needs of customers, internal and
external, will increase customer satisfaction,
customer loyalty, revenue, and market share.
Companies in tune with their target audience
can be flexible and respond quickly to new
opportunities.

36. What is needed from
leadership?
 An involved workforce is motivated and
committed to the organizational cause.
Fostering an atmosphere of inclusion enables
trust, creativity, accountability, and
participation. Communication can flow freely
in an open environment.

37. Process and System Approach
 Why Process approach?  System approach to
 A step by step process management
provides a map for desired  Will identifying,
performance. This process understanding, and
has lower costs, improved managing interrelated
and consistent results, and processes as a system
focuses which priorities to contribute to the
improve. organization's effectiveness
and efficiency in achieving
its objectives?
 Yes, organizations are like
the human body, the sum of
a whole. Aligning each
process allows for
efficiency, effectiveness,
and are less costly to
manage.

38. Continual improvement and
decision making
 Continual  Factual approach to
improvement decision-making
 An organization must  Organizations’ need to
strive to grow to base business
maintain relevance. decisions on a thorough
Continually improving analysis of accurate,
the organization's reliable data and
overall performance information. Appropriate
should be a permanent personnel can access
objective of the data and information to
organization. make timely and
effective decisions.

39. Mutually beneficial supplier
relationships
 Building relationships between an
organization and its suppliers provides a
mutually beneficial relationship. Such a
relationship enhances the ability to respond to
changing markets, customer needs and
expectations so both can create value. This
symbiosis creates a pool of knowledge,
expertise, and resources

40. REFERENCES
Advanced distributed learning initiative » scorm 2004 4th edition. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.adlnet.gov/capabilities/scorm/scorm-2004-4th
American national standards institute - ansi. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ansi.org
Collier, G., & Robson, R. (2002). elearning interoperability standards [White paper]. Retrieved from
http://www.eduworks.com/Documents/eLearning_Interoperability_Standards_wp.pdf
IEEE. (2004). About the IEEE. Retrieved from
http://www.ieee.org/portal/index.jsp?pageID=corp_level1&path=about&file=index.xml&xsl=generic.xsl
IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee. (2002). Final 1484.12.1-2002 LOM Draft Standard. Retrieved
from http://grouper.ieee.org/LTSC/wg12/20020612-FinalLOM-Draft.html
Evans, M. H. (n.d.). Course 17: Process improvement. Retrieved from
http://www.exinfm.com/training/pdfiles/course17.pdf
Friesen, N. (2004). Editorial: A gentle introduction to technical e-learning standards. Retrieved from
http://www.cjlt.ca/index.php/cjlt/article/view/136/129

41. REFERENCES
Heyns, R. (2001, August 15). Quality management systems for education and training providers. Retrieved from
http://www.saqa.org.za/docs/policy/qms_prov.pdf
Iso - faqs - list of abbreviations used throughout iso online. (2011). Retrieved from
http://www.iso.org/iso/support/faqs/faqs_list_abbreviations.htm
Moodle docs. (2012, March 19). Retrieved from http://docs.moodle.org
PRAXIOM RESEARCH GROUP LIMITED. (2011, December 12). Iso 9000 and iso 9001 - plain english
introduction. Retrieved from http://www.praxiom.com/iso-intro.htm
Stracke, C. M. (2006). Interoperability and quality development in elearning: Overview and reference model for e-
Learning Standards. Retrieved from http://www.qed-info.de/docs/Standards_Elearning_Stracke.pdf
Welcome to ims global learning consortium. (2012, March 26). Retrieved from http://www.imsglobal.org/
Wikipedia. (2012, March 26). List of international organization for standardization standards. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards

42. The End