The document provides an overview of significant aspects of Mesopotamian civilization, including the Royal Library of Ashurbanipal, which contained approximately 30,000 clay tablets, and highlights the Ishtar Gate of Babylon and the Code of Hammurabi, one of the oldest known law codes. It also mentions the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, renowned as a wonder of the ancient world, and various architectural and cultural achievements such as the Great Mosque of Samarra and the Great Mosque of Al-Nuri. The text underscores the rich historical and cultural legacy of ancient Mesopotamia, particularly in relation to modern Iraq.

2. MESOPOTEMIA
(land between rivers )
The cradle of civilization

3.  Royal Library of Ashurbanipal,
 named after Ashurbanipal, the last greatking of the Neo-
Assyrian Empire, is a collection of thousands of clay
tabletsand fragments containing texts of all kinds(legislation
, medicine ,litruture …etc ) from the 7th century BC.
library consists of approximately 30,000 tablets and
writing boards
The tablets were often organized according to the shape
and contents of the texts.
For more info
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Ashurbanipal

4. Tablet containing part of
theEpic of Gilgamesh (Tablet
11 depicting the Deluge), now
part of the holdings of the
British Museum
Royal Library of Ashurbanipal
Statue of
Ashurbanipal

5. 6000 BC: First settlements of Nineveh
705 BC became the capital of Assyrian empire .

6. HATRA

7. HATRA
The statue of "The Lady of Hatra" at the ancient city of Hatra in the desert area in northwest
Iraq between Mosul and Samarra, where the Hellenistic and Roman architecture blend with
eastern decorative features. - See

8. Hatra was probably built in the 3rd or 2nd
century BC by the Seleucid Empire. as a
Areligious and trading center
On 7 March 2015, various sources including Iraqi
officials reported that the militant group Islamic State
of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) had begundemolishing the
ruins of Hatra.[1][2] Video released by ISIL the next .
month showed destruction of the monuments
MORE INFO. : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatra
HATRA

9. ISHTAR GATE

10. The Ishtar Gate was the eighth gate to the inner
city of Babylon. It was constructed in about 575 BC
by order of KingNebuchadnezzar II
The gate was covered in lapis lazuli, a
deep-blue semi-precious stone that was
revered in antiquity due to its vibrancy.
These blue glazed bricks would have given
the façade a jewel-like shine. Through the
gate ran the Processional Way, which was
lined with walls showing about 120 lions,
bulls, dragons and flowers on enameled
yellow and black glazed bricks,
symbolizing the goddess Ishtar.
 MORE INFO :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishtar_Gate

11. Code of Hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi is a well-
preserved Babylonian law code of
ancientMesopotamia, dating back to about
1754 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered
writings of significant length in the world.
T he Code consists of 282 laws, with scaled
punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a
tooth for a tooth" as graded depending on
social status, of slave versus free man.
More info
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Ham
murabi

12. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

13. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders
of the Ancient World, and the only one whose location has not been
definitely established.
The Hanging Gardens were a distinctive feature of ancient
Babylon. They were a great source of pride to the people, and were
often described in accounts written by visitors to the city. Possibly
built by King Nebuchadnezzar II in 600 BC, the gardens are believed
to have been a remarkable feat of engineering: an ascending series
of tiered gardens containing all manner of trees, shrubs, and vines.
The gardens were said to have looked like a large green mountain
constructed of mud bricks, rising from the center of the city.
According to one legend, Nebuchadnezzar II built the Hanging
Gardens for his Median wife, Queen Amytis, because she missed
the green hills and valleys of her homeland. He also built a grand
palace that came to be known as 'The Marvel of the Mankind'.
More info . :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon

14. Ziggurat of Ur
One of the oldest temple in the ancient
world

15. The first
invention of
writing in Iraq
The first
invention of
wheel in Iraq
The oldest
literature text
was written in
Iraq

16. The Great Mosque of Samarra was, for a
time, the largest mosque in the world;.
its minaret, the Malwiya Tower, is a
spiralling cone 52 meters high and 33
meters wide with a spiral ramp.[
he reign of al-Mutawakkil had a great
effect on the appearance of the city, for he
seems to have been a lover of architecture.
More info . :
The Great Mosque of Samarra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mosque_
of_Samarra

17. The Great Mosque of al-Nuri (is a
historical mosque in Mosul, Iraqfamous for its
leaning minaret "
The mosque is well known for its leaning
minaret, known as al-Hadba’ ).
Grattan Geary, a 19th-century traveler,
described the minaret's appearance:
It is several feet out of the perpendicular, though it
starts fair from the ground, and at the top, before
putting on its gallery and dome, it regains an erect
posture. Its attitude is that of a man bowing.
More info :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mosque_
of_al-Nuri_(Mosul)

18. It was the premises of one of the oldest Islamic institutions of
higher learning in the world, Its library had an initial collection
of 80,000 volumes,
Mustansiriya Madrasah

19. •Imam Husayn shrine (an important figure
in Islam)
•The minaret and Qubbet covered with gold
• the inner shrine covered with silver and
gold
• with huge pure crystal chandeliers