Egyptian Architecture
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The document summarizes the history and evolution of Egyptian architecture from ancient to modern times. It describes early burial structures like mastabas and step pyramids from the Old Kingdom. It discusses the Great Pyramids built in the Middle Kingdom, including Khufu's Great Pyramid at Giza. It outlines the two types of temples constructed in the New Kingdom for worship and royalty. It provides details on structures like the Sphinx and the introduction of Islamic architectural influences. In modern times, Egyptian architecture aims to preserve ancient designs while accommodating population growth.
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The document provides information on ancient Egyptian civilization between 1450-1100 BC. It describes the geography of Egypt centered around the Nile River, which was essential for agriculture and trade. It then outlines the three main periods of Egyptian rule: the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Key developments included the Old Kingdom organizing a strong central state and building pyramids, the Middle Kingdom experiencing invasions and rebellions, and the New Kingdom expanding Egyptian rule. The document also summarizes Egyptian religious beliefs, architecture, and aspects of daily life like the class system.
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Egyptian architecture was heavily influenced by geographical, geological, climatic, historical, social, and religious factors. The Nile river provided resources and trade routes, and abundant stone like limestone was used for construction. Egypt's hot climate led to simple designs with massive unbroken walls. Egyptian architectural styles included temples, pyramids, mastabas, and rock-cut tombs. Columns resembled bundles of plant stems and capitals took forms like lotus buds. Temples had imposing gateways and courtyards, while pyramids served as tombs for pharaohs. Hieroglyphics, columns, obelisks, and symbols like the scarab beetle and lotus plant decorated Egyptian
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Egyptian architecture featured massive stone structures for temples and tombs, while domestic buildings used mud brick. Pyramids evolved from mastabas and step pyramids as ways to provide passage to the afterlife. The Great Pyramids of Giza, among the largest constructions ever built, housed tombs for pharaohs. Later pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings, with hidden entrances and richly decorated tombs. Temples followed a structured layout and used light and shadow symbolically through clerestory windows and column placement.
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This document provides an overview of Ancient Egyptian civilization and architecture from prehistoric times through the New Kingdom period. It discusses the natural and man-made determinants that influenced architecture, including the Nile River, climate, resources, trade, politics, religion and defense. Egyptian society was highly stratified and centered around the pharaoh, who had absolute power. Early settlements developed linearly along the Nile. Mastabas and pyramids evolved as royal tombs, beginning with step pyramids like Djoser's at Sakkara. Key cities included Memphis and Thebes. Religion focused on the afterlife, shown through mummification and elaborate tombs.
Egyptian architecture
The document provides information on Egyptian civilization and its architecture. It discusses the geography of Egypt along the Nile River which determined the character of Egyptian civilization. It then outlines the different dynasties of ancient Egypt and describes the predominant materials used in architecture such as sun-baked bricks, stone, and limestone. Some key architectural features are discussed such as the use of symbolic motifs, hieroglyphics, and alignment with astronomical events. Different structures are summarized such as pyramids, which served as tombs for pharaohs; sphinxes which guarded tombs; and obelisks which symbolized the sun god. The document also covers the Valley of Kings and different types of tombs including mastabas
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1. The document describes important periods and developments in ancient Egyptian history including the building of mastabas and pyramids during different dynasties.
2. It highlights several significant sites from these periods such as the Step Pyramid complex of Zoser and temples like Karnak which was expanded over centuries.
3. Queen Hatshepsut's mortuary temple at Der el-Bahari is mentioned for its terraced design and statues of Osiris located there.
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The document provides information on ancient Egyptian civilization between 1450-1100 BC. It describes the geography of Egypt centered around the Nile River, which was essential for agriculture and trade. It then outlines the three main periods of Egyptian rule: the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Key developments included the Old Kingdom organizing a strong central state and building pyramids, the Middle Kingdom experiencing invasions and rebellions, and the New Kingdom expanding Egyptian rule. The document also summarizes Egyptian religious beliefs, architecture, and aspects of daily life like the class system.
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Egyptian architecture was heavily influenced by geographical, geological, climatic, historical, social, and religious factors. The Nile river provided resources and trade routes, and abundant stone like limestone was used for construction. Egypt's hot climate led to simple designs with massive unbroken walls. Egyptian architectural styles included temples, pyramids, mastabas, and rock-cut tombs. Columns resembled bundles of plant stems and capitals took forms like lotus buds. Temples had imposing gateways and courtyards, while pyramids served as tombs for pharaohs. Hieroglyphics, columns, obelisks, and symbols like the scarab beetle and lotus plant decorated Egyptian
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Egyptian architecture featured massive stone structures for temples and tombs, while domestic buildings used mud brick. Pyramids evolved from mastabas and step pyramids as ways to provide passage to the afterlife. The Great Pyramids of Giza, among the largest constructions ever built, housed tombs for pharaohs. Later pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings, with hidden entrances and richly decorated tombs. Temples followed a structured layout and used light and shadow symbolically through clerestory windows and column placement.
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The document provides information on Egyptian civilization and its architecture. It discusses the geography of Egypt along the Nile River which determined the character of Egyptian civilization. It then outlines the different dynasties of ancient Egypt and describes the predominant materials used in architecture such as sun-baked bricks, stone, and limestone. Some key architectural features are discussed such as the use of symbolic motifs, hieroglyphics, and alignment with astronomical events. Different structures are summarized such as pyramids, which served as tombs for pharaohs; sphinxes which guarded tombs; and obelisks which symbolized the sun god. The document also covers the Valley of Kings and different types of tombs including mastabas
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This document provides an overview of Egyptian architecture. It describes the geographical and geological conditions in Egypt, noting the country's location along the Nile River valley and the building materials available, such as clay, limestone, and sandstone. It then discusses key aspects of Egyptian architecture like temples, tombs, and pyramids. It explains that temples and tombs were the main building types and describes some of their characteristic features, like massive walls, mud bricks, and orientation along the Nile River. The document also provides examples of different types of pyramids and tombs built for pharaohs and noblemen.
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3. Greek architecture featured temples with central shrines surrounded by columns in the Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian orders. The Parthenon had optical illusions in its design.
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This document provides information on the Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods as they relate to architecture and interiors. It discusses the evolution of mastabas and pyramids in Egypt. For Greece, it covers the different architectural orders and provides examples of temples from the Archaic and Classical periods. Information is given on Roman structures like aqueducts, triumphal arches, amphitheaters, and the Pantheon. Finally, the document summarizes the architectural achievements of Byzantium, focusing on Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
01 art of ancient egypt
1) During the Predynastic period in Egypt, larger chiefdoms emerged with centralized leadership. Art from this period included different types of works.
2) In Early Dynastic Egypt, the country became a consolidated state and art depicted ideas about kingship and the cosmic order, often seen in temples and tombs.
3) Egyptians believed kings were disguised gods serving the people. Kings built temples for gods maintained by priests, and gods were depicted in various forms in art.
Egyptian civilization
The topic of history is vast and there were many civilization after and before britishers ruled. So this is 1 topic's study.
Ancient civilization and geotechnical engineering
The document discusses ancient Mesopotamian civilization and the construction of ziggurats. It describes how the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians built ziggurats out of mud bricks and fired bricks in a stepped pyramid shape. The ziggurats had religious significance and represented connections between heaven, earth, and the underworld. One such ziggurat was the Ziggurat of Ur, which archaeology has provided insights into its original construction methods and purpose in Sumerian culture.
Lecture 1 introduction
The document provides an overview of architectural theory and history from prehistoric times to modernism. It defines architectural theory as discussing and writing about architecture. It notes Vitruvius as formally starting the idea of architecture and his three principles of firmitas, utilitas, and venustatis. The document then summarizes various architectural styles and periods from prehistoric structures to modernism, highlighting examples from each era.
03 powerpoint p1b
- The ancient Egyptians built pyramids and mastabas to house the bodies and possessions of pharaohs and other elites to use in the afterlife.
- Imhotep designed the Step Pyramid of Djoser, the first pyramid, which was built out of stone mastabas.
- Later, the Great Pyramids of Giza were constructed, including the massive Pyramid of Khufu, as elaborate tombs for pharaohs like Khufu and Khafre during the Old Kingdom.
Review Prior to Writinghephren (Khafre) mastaba during excav.docx
Review Prior to Writing
hephren (Khafre) mastaba during excavation with its upper half visible, Giza, c.2500 BCE
Wikimedia Commons, public domain. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Stepped Pyramid of King Djoser, Saqqara, 2630-2575. Author: Dennis Jarvis.
Creative Commons 2.0 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
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Menkaure and a Queen, 2490-2472, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Author: unknown. Photo by Jen.
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Rock-cut tomb, Beni Hassan, 1938-1756 BCE. Author: Kurohito.
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Head of Akhenaten, c. 1353-1336, Alexandria National Museum.
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Welcome to ancient Egypt. Here we find a culture where tradition reigned supreme. Life along the Nile was organized according to a divine plan established by an array of gods and overseen by the king, who was himself divine. Art celebrated the gods and god-king. Much of the art of ancient Egypt was funerary, put to the purpose of helping the king, members of the royal family and high-ranking officials into that life of immortality. The tombs, their contents, as well as temples dedicated to gods and kings were built to endure, just as the deities would endure through eternity. Aside from physical solidity, Egyptian art was changeless in its style conventions, formulas of representation that would last for 3,000 years.
Ancient Egyptian history is divided into three major periods: Old Kingdom (3,000-2181 BCE), Middle Kingdom (2055-1650 BCE) and New Kingdom (1550-1069 BCE). Old Kingdom Egypt is the period of gargantuan tombs, which show a traceable evolution of form through the period. These are solid structures meant to glorify the deceased, as well as provide protection for the king’s belongings and his mummified remains. In the Slideshow are two types of Egyptian tombs from the Old Kingdom, a mastaba tomb and a stepped pyramid.
Old Kingdom Egypt also set into place the style conventions that would be so long lasting. In your readings, note the formula for Egyptian figures that artists were expected to follow, especially when rendering the deceased or anyone of high rank.
Menkaure
and a Queen is a sculpture that exhibits the look for standing figures.
The Middle Kingdom presents another period of strong artistic enterprise that continued the established conventions. During this period, tombs, such as those at Beni Hassan, became much more discreet, carved into hillsides and covered over to prevent theft. Separate mortuary temples commemorated these kings.
The New Kingdom was an imperial period for the Egyptians, when they extended their borders into Mesopotamia and southward into the Sudan. This is a period of great wealth which was lavished on mortuary temples, extensive pylon temples and extravagant burials, such as that of ...
Humanities200801
The document provides background information on ancient Assyrian art. It discusses how the Assyrians used art to educate society, shape culture, and influence other regions. Assyrian art featured guardian animals like lions and winged beasts carved into fortified gateways. The art was used to establish Assyrian culture and influence world opinion.
Ancient art
Ancient art refers to works created in early advanced civilizations including Egypt, Greece, Rome, Mesopotamia, India, and China. In ancient Egypt, deities represented natural forces and the pharaoh managed temples and rituals to appease the gods. The Sumerians developed the arch as an architectural achievement using bricks stacked in an inverted U-shape. The Ishtar Gate in Babylon was constructed of glazed bricks dedicated to the goddess Ishtar. Ancient Greek sculpture depicted battles, mythology, and rulers in three major stylistic stages. Panel paintings were made on wooden boards or joined wood pieces before canvas became popular. The Terracotta Army sculptures guarded the tomb of China's first Emperor Qin
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This document provides an overview of Western classical art traditions including painting, sculpture, and architecture from prehistoric times through the Romanesque period. It discusses key characteristics of styles in each historical period, highlighting examples of cave paintings from the prehistoric period, Egyptian hieroglyphics and pyramids, Greek temples and sculptures, Roman architecture like the Colosseum, Byzantine churches featuring domes and mosaics like Hagia Sophia, and Romanesque paintings in manuscripts. The document serves as an introductory guide to the major developments and influences in Western art history across civilizations.
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Egyptian Architecture
- 1. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE Ancient and Modern Michael McJohn ERAU-Worldwide HUMN 210/World Culture Professor Victoria Dorsch June 2017
- 2. Early Burial Structures (Old Kingdom) 2150 BCE ■ The Pharaoh Djoser instructed his royal vizier Imhotep to construct a tomb “worthy of a god.” The first monumental stone building was built at Saqqara in the form of several stones set atop each other in a step pattern forming a layered pyramid later called a “Mastaba.” This early pyramid became his tomb and final resting place.
- 3. The Great Pyramids (Middle Kingdom) 2506 BCE The Pharaoh Khufu had the Great Pyramid at Giza built as a burial tomb and shrine in an effort that took twenty years to complete. When it was finished, it stood 480 feet tall and was the tallest man made structure for the next 4,000 years. It incorporated the smooth stone construction and style his father Snefu first introduced during his reign as Pharaoh.
- 4. Temples ( New Kingdom) 1550 BCE There were two types of temples that were built during the new Kingdom era of ancient Egyptian architecture. The first was “Cultus” or Religious temples; built to celebrate and shelter the many gods worshipped during that era. The second was a Mortuary for royalty and their respective family members. Both designs included elaborate arch-ways, smooth and precise stone cuts, and statues of the deities or the royal family.
- 5. The Sphinx 2500 BCE ■ The Great Sphinx of Giza was constructed out of one large limestone ridge, measuring 241 feet long and 66 feet tall. While 3 tunnels were discovered to lead to the Sphinx, there were no burial chambers, leading experts to concluded the Sphinx was one of the first large statues constructed to be a work of art and not a tomb. It symbolizes the body of a lion with the face of a man and has no Hieroglyphics or inscriptions pertaining to its purpose or design.
- 6. Islamic Architectural Influence The introduction of the Ottoman Empire and the culture and religion of Islam led the country of Egypt to adapt the architectural style associated with the Muslim Mosques of other Islamic societies. The trademarked domed roof of the mosques and tower minarets are the signature constructions associated with these religious buildings and their associated meeting centers.
- 7. Modern Egyptian Architecture The modern architecture design of the Egyptian landscape and urban areas coincides with other neighboring nations adapting to growing populations concerns with simple and spacious building designs. The artistic and creative spirit is still present in the temple-style government buildings and a great deal of effort has gone into preserving the architectural feats of the ancient Egyptian designers and engineers.
- 8. References Used: ■ Somers, C and Engelbach, R. (1990). Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. ■ Dieter, A and Strudwick, N. (2009) .The Monuments of Egypt: An A-Z Companion to Ancient Egyptian Architecture. London: I. B. Tauris. ■ Tiradritti, F. (2002). Ancient Egypt: Art, Architecture, and History. London: British Museum Publications. ■ MiNDTV35. Modern Cairo. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKNMILuZ_Bg