Mental Toughness
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A presentation I made to fellow colleagues during my short time in Student Affairs. I chose Mental Toughness as it was something often overlooked in sports.
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Mental Toughness
- 1. . SLD Sharing . Sports . 29 April 2014 .
- 2. Introduction Mental Toughness has many definitions and is not limited to athletic performance and pain tolerance. From the sports environment - something that is very often referred to but rarely defined.
- 3. How mentally tough individuals/teams differ from others. Focused for Rugby by Adam Nicholls, Jon Callard.
- 4. Notable example in sports. L-R (Top): Liverpool winning the Champions League, Mo Farah winning the 5000m Olympics, Kilian Jornet’s speed record on Mt. Cervino. L-R (Bottom): Oscar Pistorius beaten by Alan Oliveira, Bradley Wiggins winning the Tour de France, Alex Honnold free soloing Yosemite's Half Dome wall.
- 5. 3 Research Definitions • Defines four categories for mental toughness attributes (attitude, training, competition and post-competition) Jones, Hanton and Connaughton (2002) • Defines mental toughness as having both reactive and proactive qualities (Using mental toughness attributes to help endure and perform well during adverse situations) Gucciardi, Gordon and Dimmock (2008) • Combines existing psychological theory and applied sport psychology (Presented as a generic concept and should not be limited to the sports domain) Clough and Earle (2002)
- 6. Mental Toughness - Clough and Earle (2002) “Mental Toughness is the quality which determines in large part how people deal with . . . challenge, stress and pressure . . . irrespective of prevailing circumstances” It can also be described as the link between peak performance and stress management Mental Toughness (MT) helps us to understand why one person succeeds & another struggles when the pressure is on.
- 7. Mental toughness for students HIGH MT (A) Improved Performance (B) Improved Behaviour (C) Improved Well being
- 8. Mental toughness for students For students, MT impacts on: A. Performance it explains up to 25% of the variation in individual performance B. Behaviour. Students with high MT: are more engaged, are more positive and have a more “can do” attitude C. Wellbeing. Students with high MT: are more content, have better stress management , experience less bullying
- 9. 4C’s Model of Mental Toughness Mental Toughness Control The ability to handle lots of things at once and remain influential rather than controlled. Training in the presence of distractions. Commitment Being deeply involved with pursuing goals and striving to achieve them despite difficulties. Goal-setting and goal- achievement. Challenge Being able to perceive potential threats as opportunities for personal growth and thriving in constantly changing environments. Increase familiarity with change (new challenges in training). Confidence The ability to maintain self-belief in spite of setbacks, and not to be intimidated by opponents. Imagine facing and coming through difficult situations.
- 10. Mental Toughness Development Coaching Positive Thinking Visualisation Anxiety Control Goal Setting MTQ48 Test & Feedback Mental toughness capability can be developed in many individuals (but maybe not all)
- 11. Testing Mental Toughness • MTQ48 Questionnaire developed by Professor Peter Clough and Dr. Keith Earle. • A psychometric measure used to assess Mental Toughness. • Designed to provide a reliable and quick assessment of an individual’s ability to withstand pressure in a range of workplace environments.
- 12. Final Thoughts Mental Toughness as a personality trait is not confined to the sporting realm. It can occur in all sports and also in life in general It is having the capacity in a quick time frame to turn a negative experience into a positive one.
- 13. For more information Book published in Feb 2003 Kogan Page. Written by Dr. Peter Clough and Doug Strycharczyk. Crust, L., & Clough, P. J. (2011). Developing mental toughness: From research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2.
Editor's Notes
- Clough et al. are clear that mental toughness is a generic concept and should not be limited to the sports domain
- Control Measures how we deal with complexity and multi-tasking – particularly when others are watching us. If we feel in control of our life and our emotions we are more likely to take the view that we can achieve irrespective of circumstance. Hence its contribution to resilience. Challenge Measures how see challenge and change (and adversity & setback).Do we perceive this as opportunity ... or do we see it as a threat? Confidence Measures the extent to which we have self belief to see through to a conclusion difficult tasks which can be beset with setbacks. Commitment Measures how we respond to working towards specific goals and targets. It reflects both “stickability”, keeping promises. It is this type of commitment that keeps us going in the face of adversity.
- These all help to develop the capability to deal with challenges, stress, pressure and change. The Interventions fall in to 7 broad areas: Coaching – Coaches / student officers can assist the student by adding extra pressure in situations and give guided feedback Positive Thinking – repeating affirmations, turning negatives into positives and thinking three positives. It is about changing the mind set – if you think you can then you can as opposed to thinking you can’t so you can’t; Visualization – (using positive mental imagery to achieve a goal) start imagining it in a positive sense not a negative sense, rehearsing something in your head is as effective as standing up in front of a group; Anxiety Control – relaxation techniques will help lessen anxiety as well as breathing exercises; Goal Setting – (easily attainable and has a specific deadline for completion) / long term - balancing goals eg having three weeks in which to write an essay but with only two days left before it is due it has not been started.