Mental Retardation.ppt
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Yoga poses and breathing exercises can benefit children with intellectual disabilities in several ways. Inverted poses and standing poses can improve blood flow to the brain and increase concentration. Balancing poses enhance physical flexibility and self-confidence. Breathing exercises like dog breathing and lion breathing also aid brain function. Yoga can help strengthen weaker areas and prevent further cognitive decline, though it may be challenging to teach meditation. A multidisciplinary team approach is needed to properly manage intellectual disabilities.
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![YOGA THERAPY FOR MENTALLY CHALLENGED CHILDREN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Flow of blood to the brain is enhanced and brain cells are stimulated by yogasanas](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Mental Retardation.ppt
Yoga poses and breathing exercises can benefit children with intellectual disabilities in several ways. Inverted poses and standing poses can improve blood flow to the brain and increase concentration. Balancing poses enhance physical flexibility and self-confidence. Breathing exercises like dog breathing and lion breathing also aid brain function. Yoga requires a multidisciplinary approach and early intervention to strengthen reduced cognitive functions and prevent further deterioration. The causes of intellectual disabilities include genetic and environmental factors before and after birth.
PPT ON MENTALLY CHALLENGED CHILDREN OR MENTAL RETARDATION IN CHILDREN
The document discusses mentally challenged or intellectually disabled individuals. It defines intellectual disability as significantly below average intellectual functioning (IQ below 70) that impacts daily living skills. Intellectual disability can be caused by genetic factors like Down syndrome, metabolic disorders, infections during pregnancy, complications during pregnancy/birth, brain injuries, and certain environmental factors. The document provides classifications of disabilities and discusses concepts like impairment, disability, and handicap as defined by the WHO.
Mental Retardation and other child psychiatric disorders
This document discusses childhood and adolescent disorders including mental deficiency. It begins by defining mental retardation (MR) and outlining the different levels of MR based on IQ scores: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. It then discusses the causes of MR which can be prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal/environmental factors. The signs and symptoms of MR are described. The diagnosis and treatment of MR is also summarized, including behavioral management, environmental supervision, and vocational training. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies are outlined. Other disorders of psychological development like dyslexia, dysphasia, and ADHD are briefly mentioned.
Mental retardation
This document defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive behaviors that manifest during development. It estimates the prevalence of mental retardation globally and in India. Causes include genetic factors like Down syndrome, metabolic disorders, infections during pregnancy, birth complications, and childhood illnesses. Mental retardation is classified by IQ scores into mild, moderate, severe and profound. Signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment including behavioral management and nursing care are discussed. The prognosis has improved with early intervention and mainstream education focusing on developing life skills.
Mental retardation
The document defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and concurrent impairments in adaptive behavior that originate during the developmental period. It notes that mental retardation occurs in about 3% of the population worldwide and 5 in 1000 children in India. Causes include genetic factors like Down syndrome, environmental factors like infections, and perinatal complications. Mental retardation is classified by IQ scores into mild, moderate, severe and profound. Diagnosis involves assessing development, intellectual testing, and medical exams. Prognosis has improved with mainstreaming and teaching of life skills. Treatment includes behavior management, developmental programs, family support and vocational training.
Mental retardation
This document provides an overview of mental retardation, including:
1. It defines mental retardation as sub-average intellectual functioning (IQ below 70) and deficits in at least two adaptive skills, with onset before age 18.
2. The causes of mental retardation include genetic factors (5% of cases, such as Down syndrome), perinatal issues (10% of cases, such as prematurity), and sociocultural deprivation (15% of cases).
3. Assessment involves evaluating intellectual functioning using standardized tests, assessing adaptive behaviors, and looking for accompanying conditions like epilepsy, ADHD, anxiety disorders, or psychosis. Treatment focuses on skills training, pharmacotherapy, behavior modification, and counseling.
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This document provides an overview of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including prevalence, causes, identification, evaluation, treatment options, and tips for parents, teachers, and schools. Some key points:
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- Causes are unclear but may involve genetic and environmental factors like prenatal neurological damage.
- Diagnosis is based on DSM-IV criteria of inattention, hyperactivity, and impairment in multiple settings.
- Evaluation includes behavioral, educational, and medical assessments to identify symptoms and rule out other issues.
- Treatment options include behavioral modification
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Mental disorders have been recognized in Egypt for millennia and the first psychiatric unit was established in Cairo around the 14th century. The document then discusses the history and definitions of intellectual disabilities/mental retardation. It covers causes, epidemiology, diagnosis involving assessments, investigations and criteria. Treatment involves prevention, rehabilitation, a multidisciplinary team approach, and long-term follow up. Management aims to provide early recognition and intervention as well as improving functioning over time while preventing complications, with the overall goals of community inclusion and improving quality of life.
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Mental Retardation.ppt
Yoga poses and breathing exercises can benefit children with intellectual disabilities in several ways. Inverted poses and standing poses can improve blood flow to the brain and increase concentration. Balancing poses enhance physical flexibility and self-confidence. Breathing exercises like dog breathing and lion breathing also aid brain function. Yoga requires a multidisciplinary approach and early intervention to strengthen reduced cognitive functions and prevent further deterioration. The causes of intellectual disabilities include genetic and environmental factors before and after birth.
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Mental retardation
This document defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive behaviors that manifest during development. It estimates the prevalence of mental retardation globally and in India. Causes include genetic factors like Down syndrome, metabolic disorders, infections during pregnancy, birth complications, and childhood illnesses. Mental retardation is classified by IQ scores into mild, moderate, severe and profound. Signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment including behavioral management and nursing care are discussed. The prognosis has improved with early intervention and mainstream education focusing on developing life skills.
Mental retardation
The document defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and concurrent impairments in adaptive behavior that originate during the developmental period. It notes that mental retardation occurs in about 3% of the population worldwide and 5 in 1000 children in India. Causes include genetic factors like Down syndrome, environmental factors like infections, and perinatal complications. Mental retardation is classified by IQ scores into mild, moderate, severe and profound. Diagnosis involves assessing development, intellectual testing, and medical exams. Prognosis has improved with mainstreaming and teaching of life skills. Treatment includes behavior management, developmental programs, family support and vocational training.
Mental retardation
This document provides an overview of mental retardation, including:
1. It defines mental retardation as sub-average intellectual functioning (IQ below 70) and deficits in at least two adaptive skills, with onset before age 18.
2. The causes of mental retardation include genetic factors (5% of cases, such as Down syndrome), perinatal issues (10% of cases, such as prematurity), and sociocultural deprivation (15% of cases).
3. Assessment involves evaluating intellectual functioning using standardized tests, assessing adaptive behaviors, and looking for accompanying conditions like epilepsy, ADHD, anxiety disorders, or psychosis. Treatment focuses on skills training, pharmacotherapy, behavior modification, and counseling.
Adhd
This document provides an overview of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including prevalence, causes, identification, evaluation, treatment options, and tips for parents, teachers, and schools. Some key points:
- ADHD affects 3-7% of children in the US and 5-10% in India. Males are more likely to be diagnosed.
- Causes are unclear but may involve genetic and environmental factors like prenatal neurological damage.
- Diagnosis is based on DSM-IV criteria of inattention, hyperactivity, and impairment in multiple settings.
- Evaluation includes behavioral, educational, and medical assessments to identify symptoms and rule out other issues.
- Treatment options include behavioral modification
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Primary prevention methods can help reduce the occurrence of mental retardation from certain conditions. Early screening through newborn screening can help detect treatable causes like phenylketonuria (PKU), galactosemia, and congenital hypothyroidism to prevent or reduce intellectual disability. Maintaining treatment protocols through dietary or medical management in PKU, galactosemia, maternal PKU, and congenital hypothyroidism is important for tertiary prevention. Genetic counseling can aid primary prevention for conditions with a genetic basis like Down syndrome, galactosemia, and PKU.
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- Classification of mental retardation into mild, moderate, severe, and profound categories based on IQ scores. Mild is the most common type.
- Causes of mental retardation including genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors such as chromosomal abnormalities, infections, accidents, and socioeconomic deprivation.
- Clinical manifestations like failure to meet developmental milestones, cognitive deficits, and behavioral issues. Diagnosis involves history, exams, tests, and psychological evaluations. Treatment focuses on education, behavior management, and medical care. Prevention
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This document discusses using yoga therapy to help mentally challenged children. It recommends various yoga poses like inverted poses, standing poses, balancing poses, and back bending poses to improve concentration, flexibility, self-confidence, and body posture. Breathing exercises like dog breathing are also suggested. The document provides background on mental challenges, including causes like genetic and environmental factors, diagnosis, symptoms, classification, and prevention. It emphasizes the importance of early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach to management.
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This document discusses mental retardation, including its definition, causes, types, and ways to support individuals. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and adaptive deficits appearing by age 18. Causes include genetic conditions like Down syndrome, infections, problems during pregnancy or birth. Mental retardation is classified by IQ scores into mild, moderate, severe and profound. Individuals in each category have different abilities and support needs. The document advocates for inclusive programming and community support to help those with mental retardation develop skills and fitness.
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Primary prevention methods can help reduce the occurrence of mental retardation from certain conditions. Early screening through newborn screening can help detect treatable causes like phenylketonuria (PKU), galactosemia, and congenital hypothyroidism to prevent or reduce intellectual disability. Maintaining treatment protocols through dietary or medical management in PKU, galactosemia, maternal PKU, and congenital hypothyroidism is important for tertiary prevention. Genetic counseling can aid primary prevention for conditions with a genetic basis like Down syndrome, galactosemia, and PKU.
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- Definitions of mental retardation from various sources emphasizing subaverage intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior.
- Classification of mental retardation into mild, moderate, severe, and profound categories based on IQ scores. Mild is the most common type.
- Causes of mental retardation including genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors such as chromosomal abnormalities, infections, accidents, and socioeconomic deprivation.
- Clinical manifestations like failure to meet developmental milestones, cognitive deficits, and behavioral issues. Diagnosis involves history, exams, tests, and psychological evaluations. Treatment focuses on education, behavior management, and medical care. Prevention
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Recent studies both community and hospital based have shown that there is a significant burden of psychiatric disorder in epilepsy, with as many as 50% of all subjects studied being affected.
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2) Brain imaging studies have found abnormalities in areas of the brain associated with motor control and executive functions, such as the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, in people with ADHD.
3) Family, twin, and genetic studies provide evidence that ADHD has a genetic basis, with genes involved in dopamine regulation implicated. Complications during birth like low birth weight are also associated with ADHD.
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This PPT covers how to integrate the elements of the mind and body to improve client success with psychological treatment.
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A child’s body and mind are still developing, so his physical and emotional reactions are different from adults. The professionals at East Tennessee Children's Hospital's Developmental-Behavioral Center are trained to examine and treat children in ways that will help children relax and feel comfortable in order to achieve the most accurate diagnosis and the greatest results from treatment designed just for them.Intellectual Disaabilities
Intellectual disabilities are characterized by deficits in cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior that develop during childhood. They are diagnosed when a person has an IQ of 70 or below along with impairments in daily living skills.
Intellectual disabilities can have prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal causes such as genetic syndromes, low birth weight, brain injuries, or environmental factors. They are classified based on severity of the deficit. Early intervention programs focus on developing skills, while K-12 programs may include inclusion, functional academics, behavior therapy, or vocational training depending on the child's needs. Teaching students with intellectual disabilities requires direct instruction broken into clear steps with a focus on sequencing, practice, and presentation of material
MENTAL RETARDATION.pptx
This document discusses mental retardation, including its definition, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and concurrent impairments in adaptive behaviors that manifest during development. Causes include genetic factors, prenatal factors, infections, and environmental/socio-cultural factors. Diagnosis involves assessing intellectual functioning, adaptive behaviors, medical history, and investigations. Treatment focuses on behavior management, developing skills, family support, and prevention through prenatal care, genetic counseling, and early intervention. The goal is rehabilitation and maximizing independence according to the level of impairment.
Childhood Psychiatric Disorders (ADHD)
Classification of childhood psychiatric disorders. special focus on ADHD, clinical picture and management
CP-Care Module 0 - Introduction
CP-Care curriculum, training course and assessment mechanism (ECVET based)
Website: http://cpcare.eu/en/
This project (CP-CARE - 2016-1-TR01-KA202-035094) has been funded with support from the European Commission. This communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders caused by brain damage before, during, or shortly after birth that results in impaired motor skills. Early intervention through physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other treatments can help children with cerebral palsy develop motor skills and reach developmental milestones. Risk factors for cerebral palsy include older maternal age, multiple births, smoking during pregnancy, and other medical complications; early diagnosis and treatment are important for improving outcomes.
פרופ' ג'רמי טורק: מוגבלויות: קללה או ברכה
This document discusses labelling and classifications in developmental disabilities. It explores both the advantages and disadvantages of labelling, noting that while labels can help facilitate support and treatment, they also risk oversimplifying complex individuals and pathologizing normal human variation. The document provides an overview of key developmental disabilities like intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD based on DSM-5 criteria and changes. It also discusses prevalence rates, co-occurrence of disorders, and the high risk of psychiatric disorders among those with developmental or intellectual impairments.
Mental retardation
Mental retardation is a developmental disability characterized by below average intelligence and impaired daily living skills. It is typically present from birth or early childhood. There are four levels of mental retardation based on IQ scores: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Common causes include genetic conditions like Down syndrome, problems during pregnancy such as alcohol exposure, and infectious diseases. Prevention strategies include improving nutrition, universal immunization, and avoiding pregnancy in very young or older women.
Document1
Mental retardation, also known as intellectual disability, is a developmental disability characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning (IQ under 70-75) and adaptive behaviors that are diagnosed before age 18. It occurs in approximately 2-3% of the population and can be caused by genetic, prenatal, childhood, and environmental factors. Mental retardation is classified by severity into four categories: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Treatment focuses on education, life skills training, supportive living, and family therapy.
Cerebral palsy
This document provides an overview of cerebral palsy, including its definition, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, nursing considerations, complications, and educational options. Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders caused by damage to the developing brain that affects movement and posture. The main types are spastic, dyskinetic, and mixed. Treatment involves rehabilitation, physical/occupational therapy, medications, and assistive devices to improve function and independence. Nursing focuses on meeting physical, educational and psychosocial needs.
Psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence
brief detail about major childhood psychiatric disorders, related signs and symptoms and intervention
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1) Dr. (Mrs.) Shamanthakamani Narendran has obtained several academic qualifications including an M.B.B.S, D.C.H., M.D. in Pediatrics, M.A. degrees in Kannada and Philosophy, a diploma in Journalism, and a Ph.D. in Yoga Science.
2) She has received several honors and awards for her work in fields like pediatrics, yoga therapy, and women's health.
3) Dr. Narendran has authored and published numerous books and articles on topics related to childcare, health, and yoga. She also regularly broadcasts radio and television programs on these topics
Role of yoga in tension outlets of children
Children today face increased stress even at a young age, which can impact their personality development and later coping abilities. Yoga practices like pranayama (breathing exercises), asanas (postures), trataka (concentration), relaxation, and meditation can help children manage and reduce stress and tension. These yoga techniques calm the mind, improve focus and concentration, increase strength and flexibility, and promote relaxation and stress relief in children. Specific yoga poses, breathing exercises, and meditation techniques are described that are appropriate and beneficial for children.
Nadis
Nadis are the channels in the subtle body that carry prana or vital energy. There are 101 main nadis that connect at points called chakras. The document discusses the five main pranas, types of nadis like ida, pingala and sushumna, how nadis are purified, functions like carrying life force energy, and diagnosis of diseases through nadi pulse reading. Nadi therapy involves massage and activating parts of the body to relieve pain and stimulate muscles and blood circulation.
Swara yoga
Swara yoga is the science of understanding the union of breath vibrations. It deals with the interaction between cosmic rhythms and individual breath patterns. Breath links the individual body to the cosmic body. Swara yoga emphasizes how the first and last breaths activate certain elements that influence one's life and reincarnation. It differs from pranayama in that it manipulates breath rhythms rather than controlling breath. Practicing swara yoga can attune one to natural rhythms and achieve self-awareness.
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This document discusses women's health issues and how yoga can help address them. It notes that women face significant health impacts from biological and gender-related differences. It then lists several common female disorders that are on the rise like menstrual disorders, arthritis, osteoporosis, and cancer. The document recommends lifestyle changes like a high protein diet and minimal processed foods. It advocates the three principles of yoga - relax the body, slow down the breath, and calm the mind. Specific yoga practices are suggested to strengthen the pelvic floor and support care of the unborn child.
Makkala belavanige mattu arogya rakshane
The document discusses key concepts in child development including heredity, genes, temperament, environment, attachment theory, and motor/emotional milestones in infancy. It covers how physical and personality traits are transmitted from parents to children, the influence of nature and nurture, theories of attachment and emotional development in infants, and typical motor development milestones. Figures and studies are referenced to illustrate concepts like the Mozart effect, infant imitation, motor skill progression, and more.
Garbha shishuvige patanjalia kivi mathu
The document discusses evidence from Vedic literature that suggests a fetus can hear and respond to external stimuli. It provides three examples: 1) Pigeon eggs in a cave that heard Shiva and became immortal. 2) Sage Ashtavakra, who learned the Vedas in the womb and corrected his father. 3) Abhimanyu, who learned to enter but not exit the Chakravyuha formation by overhearing his father in the womb. The document argues this supports the concept of a fetus's awareness before birth.
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The document discusses anxiety in children and adolescents. It describes the differences between depressed mood versus a depressive episode, and lists the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode. It also discusses irritable mood and the various conditions it could indicate. The document provides information on generalized anxiety disorder, including prevalence, genetics, neurotransmitters involved, and treatment options. It covers specific phobias and social phobia, including diagnostic criteria, prevalence, etiology, and treatment.
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Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions, affecting over 19 million Americans. However, approximately three out of five older adults and six out of seven middle-aged adults with hearing loss do not use hearing aids. The document discusses the importance of hearing for development, various causes and types of hearing loss, methods for screening and assessing hearing loss, and treatment options such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and assistive listening devices.
Cell phone use on child development and behavior
The document discusses the effects of increased technology and cell phone use on child development. It notes that critical motor and sensory milestones are being missed in children, impacting academic performance. There is also an increasing incidence of childhood behavioral and psychological disorders. Research suggests cell phone radiation may increase risks of brain cancer and dementia. Studies show children absorb more radiation than adults from cell phones. Technology overuse is linked to developmental delays, attention issues, obesity, and sleep problems in children. Prescriptions of psychotropic drugs for children have also tripled in recent decades. The document calls for reducing children's screen time and increasing physical activity and human interaction to support healthy development.
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Makalla swashakoshada tondare
Breathing problems are very common in children, usually due to viral infections like coughs, colds, wheezing and asthma. For mild to moderate issues, keeping the child comfortable with warmth, hydration and paracetamol is usually sufficient. More severe symptoms like rapid breathing, fever and not drinking require medical attention. Proper treatment depends on assessing the specific problem, age of the child and response to initial treatments like bronchodilators and steroids.
Insulin resistance
Insulin resistance occurs when cells become insensitive to insulin and the body produces more insulin to help cells use glucose. A diet high in carbohydrates can cause this over time. Insulin resistance leads the body to store sugar as fat rather than use it for energy, slowing metabolism. It also causes excessive insulin and glucose in the bloodstream, accelerating aging and increasing risks of diseases like heart disease. Symptoms include inability to lose weight despite dieting, fatigue, and health issues related to high blood sugar, cholesterol, or blood pressure.
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) in children
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in infants and children and refers to the involuntary passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. GER becomes GERD when it causes symptoms or complications. Common symptoms in infants include frequent vomiting, irritability, and failure to thrive. Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and history, though tests like pH probes and endoscopy may be used in some cases. Treatment focuses on positioning, thickening feeds, medications, and rarely surgery to reinforce the antireflux barrier.
Breast feeding
The document discusses common myths and barriers about breastfeeding. It asserts that nearly all mothers can produce enough breast milk as long as they breastfeed often, stay hydrated, and eat a nutritious diet. Breast milk alone provides all the nutrients babies need and does not cause illnesses like diarrhea. The barriers to breastfeeding mentioned include tiredness, concerns about passing on illness, lack of knowledge, and perceptions that it takes too much time away from work.
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles, which are responsible for breathing and moving parts of the body like the arms and legs. It is caused by antibodies that block or reduce acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, which prevents the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. Common symptoms include drooping eyelids, blurred or double vision, difficulty in chewing, swallowing, and speaking clearly, and weakness in the arms, legs, and neck.
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Mental Retardation.ppt
- 1. Dr. Shamanthakamani Narendran MD (Pead), PhD (Yoga Science) Yoga for Mentally Challenged Intellectual Disability Children
- 31. Thank You
Editor's Notes
- Viparita Karani : To do this lie on your back, feet touching from inside, legs together, palms flat on ground beside the body. Inhale. Exhaling push your palms against the ground and hoist hips off the ground. Weight should rest on elbows. Hips should rest lightly on open hands. Hold for a few seconds, breathing normally. Exhale, drop hips back to ground, by gently lowering spine first, back to the ground. Then drop the legs. Rest for some time. After regular practice you must increase duration in the pose to three minutes or so. Benefits: This is a powerful pose, possibly even than the classic shoulder stand. That is because there is less pressure on the thyroid, so you enjoy the benefits of a shoulderstand without its aggravations. It is said to be anti-aging, and death-defying. It has immense spiritual value, since it is said to lock the psychic energy within the body.
- Scorpion pose (Vrschikasana),