This document discusses key aspects of mental processes, including beliefs, attitudes, values, needs, motives, and behavior. It defines each concept and explains how they are formed and relate to each other. Beliefs form the foundation of attitudes and are influenced by past experiences. Attitudes contain affective, cognitive, and behavioral components and can change over time. Values determine what is important and influence moral views. There are both terminal and instrumental values. Needs create internal drives when unsatisfied and range from physiological to self-actualization needs. Motives stem from needs and prompt behaviors as individuals work to satisfy deficiencies.

1. Mental Process:
1. Beliefs
2. Attitudes
3. Values
4. Needs
5. Motives & Behavior

2. 1. BELIEFS
 Psychological Cornerstones
 Foundation to personality
 Meaning to perception
 Exert impact on motivation
 All attitudes incorporate beliefs
 Beliefs are acquired from parents,
teachers, peers, reference groups, etc

3. Foundation of Beliefs
1. Past Experience
2. Available Information
3. Generalization

4. 2. ATTITUDES
 Judgments concerning objects, people
or events
 Personal experiences, education,
Media and environmental factors
mould attitudes.
 Attitudes are less stable and can be
changed.
 It affects individual’s behaviour.
“One might smile and smile and yet be a villain”

5. Components of Attitudes
 AFFECTIVE (the feelings, sentiments, moods and
emotions about some persons, idea, event or object)
 COGNITIVE (the beliefs, opinions, knowledge or
information held by the individual)
 BEHAVIORAL (the predisposition to act on a
favorable or unfavorable evaluation of something)

6. 3. VALUES
 A belief of an individual as to what is right,
good or desirable.
 It tends to be stable
 Most values are acquired from parents,
teachers, peers, reference groups, media
and culture
 Value identifies the relative importance of
hierarchy
 Identify an individual’s ethical or moral
structure.

7. Types of Values
1. Terminal Values: Comfortable and exciting
life, sense of accomplishment, self-respect,
social recognition, freedom, happiness,
friendship, etc.
2. Instrumental Values: Ambitious, capable
cheerful, honest, independent, responsible,
etc.

8. 4. NEEDS
 Needs are deficiencies that energies
us to satisfy them.
 Needs influence individual motivation.
 Needs varies within individuals.
 Unsatisfied needs causes tension
within the individuals.

9. Types of Needs
1. Physiological Needs: Food, Cloth &
Shelter.
2. Safety Needs: Security, protection.
3. Social Needs: Belongingness,
Friendship.
4. Esteem Needs: Recognition, Status.
5. Self-actualization Needs: Self-
development, Personal achievement.

10. MOTIVES & BEHAVIOR
 Motives are internal drives in an individual.
 Motives are unsatisfied needs.
 Motives are created due to the imbalance of
physiological and psychological needs.
 Motives prompt and individual to act in a
certain way.
 Behavior is the result of motives.