This document discusses insects pests of cotton and their integrated pest management (IPM) in Pakistan. It provides details on the importance of cotton production in Pakistan's economy. It then lists and describes 11 major insect pests that affect cotton, including aphids, jassids, whiteflies, mealybugs, bollworms, and armyworms. The document outlines pest scouting methods and details integrated control approaches, including cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control techniques. Major biological control agents like parasitoids and predators are identified. Recommended insecticides and application rates are provided for different cotton pests.
In this PPT slides you will come to know about the different kinds of pest which is infesting in WHEAT plant. And also you will come to know about their management practices and also you will have an knowledge about some common chemicals which is being uses to eradicate the pests/diseases infesting in wheat plant.
In this PPT slides you will come to know about the different kinds of pest which is infesting in WHEAT plant. And also you will come to know about their management practices and also you will have an knowledge about some common chemicals which is being uses to eradicate the pests/diseases infesting in wheat plant.
Red Cotton Bug, Dysdercus cingulatus is a pest of cotton which suck the growing parts of the plant and attracts the bacteria which shows red lint. Ultimately it declines the crop productivity.
Most destructive insect devastating the cotton fields of Adilabad district.The presentation has rich in content with realistic photos and management practices.
Parasitoids and Predators, their attributes.Bhumika Kapoor
Insect parasitoids have an immature life stage that develops on or within a single insect host, ultimately killing the host, hence the value of parasitoids as natural enemies. Adult parasitoids are free-living and may be predaceous. Parasitoids are often called parasites, but the term parasitoid is more technically correct. Most beneficial insect parasitoids are wasps or flies, although some rove beetles (see Predators) and other insects may have life stages that are parasitoids.
where as the Major characteristics of arthropod predators includes adults and immatures are often generalists rather than specialists, they generally are larger than their prey, they kill or consume many prey males, females, immatures, and adults may be predatory and they attack immature and adult prey.
cotton crop needs highest pesticide application for pest management, So we came with ipm practices for reducing insecticide spray, to manage the resistance development and secondary outbreak of sucking pest
Red Cotton Bug, Dysdercus cingulatus is a pest of cotton which suck the growing parts of the plant and attracts the bacteria which shows red lint. Ultimately it declines the crop productivity.
Most destructive insect devastating the cotton fields of Adilabad district.The presentation has rich in content with realistic photos and management practices.
Parasitoids and Predators, their attributes.Bhumika Kapoor
Insect parasitoids have an immature life stage that develops on or within a single insect host, ultimately killing the host, hence the value of parasitoids as natural enemies. Adult parasitoids are free-living and may be predaceous. Parasitoids are often called parasites, but the term parasitoid is more technically correct. Most beneficial insect parasitoids are wasps or flies, although some rove beetles (see Predators) and other insects may have life stages that are parasitoids.
where as the Major characteristics of arthropod predators includes adults and immatures are often generalists rather than specialists, they generally are larger than their prey, they kill or consume many prey males, females, immatures, and adults may be predatory and they attack immature and adult prey.
cotton crop needs highest pesticide application for pest management, So we came with ipm practices for reducing insecticide spray, to manage the resistance development and secondary outbreak of sucking pest
This PPT describes about the Sheath Rot disease of Rice,it's Symptoms, pathogenic organisms, disease cycle, Management strategies(preventive, cultural, botanical and chemical methods) and a Self evaluation questions.
Cotton sucking Insect pests and Integrated management.pdfmuhammad1562002
Cotton sucking pests are a group of insects that feed on the sap of cotton plants, causing damage to the crops and reducing yield. These pests can include aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers, among others. They use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract nutrients from the plant tissues, particularly from the leaves, stems, and buds of cotton plants.
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that can be green, black, brown, or pink in color. They reproduce rapidly, and their populations can quickly build up on cotton plants, leading to stunted growth and distorted leaves. Whiteflies are tiny insects with white wings that resemble tiny moths. They often gather on the undersides of leaves and can cause yellowing, wilting, and premature leaf drop. Leafhoppers are small, wedge-shaped insects that can transmit diseases to cotton plants while feeding.
These pests not only directly damage the cotton plants by feeding on them but can also transmit viruses and diseases, further compromising the health and yield of the crop.
Release of large numbers of insectary reared natural enemies with the goal of “augmenting” natural enemy populations or “inundating” pest populations with natural enemies.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on November 29, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Insects pests of Cotton
1. Topic: Insects pests of
cotton and their IPM
Presented By:
Ammad Ahmad
Department of
Entomology
UCA&ES
The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur
2. Cotton importance
Pakistan is 5th largest producer of cotton
3rd largest exporter of cotton
Cotton has the major share of 7 per cent in the
GDP of Pakistan
Cotton production supports Pakistan’s largest
industrial sector, comprising 400 textile mills
It is cultivated primarily for lint
Raw cotton is also used for medical and surgical
purposes
Seed is crushed for edible oil
3. Insects Pests of cotton
Pest ETL Damage symptoms
1. Aphid (Aphis gossypi) 15/ leaf Leaf crumpling and downward
curling of leaves, sticky cotton
due to deposits of honey dew
on open bolls.
2. Thrips (Thrips tabaci) 8-10 insects/leaf Leaves of seedlings become
wrinkled and distorted with
white shiny patches, older
crop presents rusty
appearance from a distance.
3. White fly (Bimisia tabaci) Adults/nymph or both 5/leaf Upward curling of leaves,
reduced plant vigour, lint
contamination with honey dew
and associated fungi,
transmission of leaf curl virus
disease
4. Jassid (Amrasca devastans) 2 adult or nymph per leaf Affected leaves curl
downwards, turn yellowish,
then to brownish before drying
and shedding, “hopper burn”
stunts young plants
4. Pest ETL Damage Symptoms
5. Mealy bug (Phenococus
solenopsis)
On appearance The extraction of sap by the mealybug
results in the leaves of the plant turning
yellow and becoming crinkled or
malformed, which leads to loss of plant
vigour, foliage and fruit-drop, and
potential death of the plant.
6. Red cotton bug ( Dysdercus
singulatus)
Feed on developing and
mature seeds, stain the lint to
typical yellow colour, reddish
nymphs seen in aggregations
around developing and open
bolls.
7. Dusky cotton bug (Oxycarenus
hyalipennis)
Associated with ripe seeds, all
stages characterized by a powerful smell,
discolour the lint if crushed.
8. American bollworm (Helicoverpa
armigera)
5 Brown eggs or 3 small larvae or
Both 5 / 25 plants
Small amount of webbing on small squares
injured by young larvae, squares have a
round hole near the base,larval frass and
flaring of bracts on larger squares, clean
feeding of internal contents of bolls,
excessive shedding of buds and bolls.
5. Pest ETL Damage Symptoms
9. Pink bollworm (Pectinophora
gossypiella)
5 Larvae/ 100 Bolls “Rosetted” bloom pink larvae
inside developing bolls with
interloculi movement
10. Spotted bollworm (Earias
vittella)
3 Larvae/ 25 plants Boremark in main shoot, dried
and withered away shoot,
twining of main stem due to
auxillary monopodia, feeding
holes in flower buds and bolls
blocked by excrement.
11. Army worm (Spodoptera
litura)
On appearance Young larvae in groups
skeletinise leaves and older
larvae voraciously defoliate
leaves
6. Pests Scouting methods
In cotton crop there are two types of insect pests viz. sucking insects and
the chewing insect-pests.
For the sucking insects 20 leaves of 20 different plants, one from each
from upper, middle and lower portions is selected for observing pest
insect activity randomly.
For bollworms or chewing insect pests, 25 plants, 5 plants contiguous
at each place randomly are selected and observed for insect pest
activity.
Pest scouting: Pest survey is to asses pest population and
their losses over large area i.e. District, province or country.
Pest scouting is to determine no. of insect pests and their crop
loss in a specific crop field.
7. Integrated pest management
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable
approach to managing pests by combining
biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a
way that minimizes economic, health and
environmental risks.
8. Control methods
Cultural control:
Timely removal and destruction of cotton stubbles
Deep ploughing to expose the carry-over population of bollworms
Crop rotation with cereals or pulses
Growing some resistant varieties i.e. Short duration varieties
Adopt proper spacing, irrigation and fertilizer management . Avoid
application of high nitrogenous fertilizer
9. Mechanical control:
Using Yellow sticky traps @ 7-10 traps / ha to monitoring the pest
population ( sucking pests ).
Hand picking and destruction of various insect stages, affected plant
parts and rosetted flowers.
Removal of weed hosts – Abutilon indicum and other Malvaceous weed
hosts, Sida sp. Grown in cultivated area.
Setting of light traps – for monitoing pest population.
Setting of pheromone trap @ 7-10 traps / ha.
10. Biological control:
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS
PARASITOIDS: Parasitoids are usually equal or smaller in size than the
prey. They live in or on the prey, derive their nutrition from the prey
and usually complete one stage of the life in or on the prey and kill the
prey in the process
PREDATORS : Predators are organism usually larger and stronger than
prey. They catch and kill a large number of other organisms for food.
PATHOGENS: Disease causing organisms like
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protozoa: Nosema, Vairimorpha
Nematodes: Steinernema , Rhabditis
11. TECHNIQUE OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Conservation : Conservation is defined the actions to preserve and
increase the natural enemies by environmental manipulation
Augmentation : It is a tactic of biological control where, the efforts is
made to increase the natural enemy population either by propagation
and release or by environmental manipulation . It includes all the
activities designed to increase the number or effect of existing natural
enemies
- Inoculation or periodic release
- Inundative release
Introduction/Importation : Importing foreign natural enemies to
combat the introduced pests
14. Chemical control
Pest Insecticide Dose /ha
Jassids, Aphids, Thrips Methyl demeton 25EC
Dimethoate 30EC
Phosphamidon 100EC
500-750 ml
500-750 ml
100-250 ml
Whiteflies Methyl demeton 25EC
Phosalone 35EC
500-750 ml
2.5-3.0 litres
Spotted, Pink and
American bollworms
Endosulfan 35EC
Chlorpyriphos 20EC
Quinalphos 25EC
Monocrotophos 40EC
Carbaryl 50WP
Fenvalerate 20EC
Cypermethrin 10EC
Decamethrin 2.8EC
1.5-2.0 litre
1.5-2.0 litre
1.5-2.5 kg
400-500 ml
800-1000 ml
600-700 ml
Army worm Chlorpyriphos 20EC
Fenvalerate 20EC
Cypermethrin 10EC
Decamethrin 2.8EC
1.5-2.0 litres
400-500 ml
800-1000 ml
600-700 ml
