This document lists Greek and Latin combining forms used in medical terminology and their meanings. It provides over 100 entries with the combining form and defines its English meaning. The combining forms generally refer to parts of the body, medical conditions, or other medical concepts.

2. Root + Vowel
Usually
O

3. Combining Form
English meaning
abdomin/o
abdomen
aden/o
gland
(a)eti /o
cause
angi/o
vessel
arteri/o
artery
append /o
appendix
arthr/o
joint

4. Combining Form
English meaning
audi/o
hearing
aur/o
ear
axill /o
armpit
balan /o
glans penis
bi/o
life
blephar /o
eyelid
brachi /o
arm

5. Combining Form
English meaning
bronchi /o branch /o
bronchus (pi. bronchi), bronchial tubes
carcin /o
cancerous
cardi /o
heart
cephal /o
head
cerebr /o
brain: cerebrum
cervic /o
neck
cholecyst /o
gallbladder

6. Combining Form
English meaning
col/o
colon (large intestines)
coccy /o , coccyg /o
coccyx (tailbone)
colp /o
vagina
corne /o
cornea
cost /o
rib
crani /o
skull
crin/o
secrete

7. Combining Form
English meaning
cutane /o
skin
cyst /o
urinary bladder
cyt /o
cell
derm /o , dermat /o
skin
dent /i
tooth
duoden /o
duodenum
encephal /o
brain

8. Combining Form
English meaning
enter /o
intestines
epiglott /o
epiglottis
epitheli /o
skin
erythr /o
red
esophag /o
esophagus
esthesi /o
feeling
gastr /o
stomach

9. Combining Form
English meaning
gen/o
producing; produced by
gingiv /o
gum
gloss /o , glott /o
tongue
glyc /o
sugar
gnos/o
knowledge
gynec /o
woman; female
hemat /o , hem /o
blood

10. Combining Form
English meaning
hepat /o
liver
hemi /o
hernia
hist /o
tissue
hyster /o
uterus; womb
Ile /o
ileum
ili/o
ilium
_. ir/o , irid/o
iris

11. Combining Form
English meaning
isch/o
to hold back, obstruct
Ile /o
ileum
labi /o
lip
lapar /o
abdomen
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
leuk /o
white
lingu /o
tongue

12. Combining Form
English meaning
lith/o
stone
lumb/o
loin, waist region
lymph /o
lymph
lys/o
separation, breakdown
mamm/o, mast/o
breast
men/o
menstruation
metr/o
uterus/ to measure

13. Combining Form
English meaning
myel/o
bone marrow
my/o, myos/o
muscle
myring/o
eardrum
nas/o
nose
nat/i
birth
norm/o
regular
nephr/o
kidney

14. Combining Form
English meaning
obstetr /o
midwife
ocul /o
eye
odont /o
tooth
onc/o
tumor
opthalm /o
eye
opt/o
eye
orchi /o , orchid /o
testicle

15. Combining Form
English meaning
or/o
mouth
orth/o
straight
oste /o
bone
ot/o
ear
ovari /o , oophor /o
ovary
pancreat /o
pancreas
path /o
disease

16. Combining Form
English meaning
ped/o
child
pelv /o
hip bone
peritone /o
peritoneum
pharmac /o
drug
pharyng /o
pharynx, throat
phleb /o
vein
pleur /o
pleura

17. Combining Form
English meaning
pneum /o , pneumon/o
lung , air
proct /o
anus and rectum
prostat /o
prostate gland
psych /o
mind
pulm /o, pulmon /o
lung
pyel /o
renal pelvis
radi/o
X-ray

18. Combining Form
English meaning
rect/o
rectum
ren/o
kidney
retin/o
retina of the eye
rheumat/o
flow, fluid
rhin/o
nose
sacr/o
sacrum
salping/o
Fallopian(uterine) tube

19. Combining Form
English meaning
sarc/o
flesh
scapul/o
shoulder blade (bone)
scrot/o
scrotum, scrotal sac
sept/o
infection
sperm/o, spermat/o
sperm cells
spine/o
backbone
splen /o
spleen

20. Combining Form
English meaning
spondyl/o
vertebra
stern/o
sternum/breast bone
steth/o
Chest
thorac /o, thora/o
chest
thromb/o
blood clot
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
tonsill/o
tonsils

21. Combining Form
English meaning
trache/o
trachea
(windpipe)
tympan/o
eardrum
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
ur/o, urin/o
urine, urinary tract
uter/o
uterus;womb
vagin/o
vagina

22. Combining Form
English meaning
vas/o
blood vessel, vas deference
vascul/o
blood vessels
ven/o
vein
vertebr/o
vertebra
(backbone)
vesic/o
urinary bladder