This document provides an overview of medical terminology including: - Prefixes, suffixes, and roots used to build medical terms from Greek and Latin origins. - Systems of the body like cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and integumentary with examples of terms related to each system. - Directional terms and how to combine word parts to form terms. - Rules for combining prefixes, suffixes, and roots to construct medical terms.

2. Introduction LESSON #1 When in doubt of the terminology, tell your patients they’re very sick.

3. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY The words – or terms – which make up the language of medicine are referred to as the terminology of the medical field…known as medical terminology. Like every other language, medical terminology has changed over time and will continue to change. Most medical terms come from the Greek and Latin languages.

4. How It Works Most medical terms can be broken down into parts like a sentence. Common word parts/components: Prefixes / Roots or Words / Suffixes Linking or combining vowel usually “ o ”, but occasionally “ e ” or “ i ”. The medical terms will contain one or more of these components.

5. PREFIX A prefix is a word component placed in front of a root/word to change or modify its meaning. A prefix can give a root direction or position. It can also give a root a specific type/ classification, quality, or quantity.

6. Common Prefixes Ab- away from midline Acu- needle Anti- against Auto- self Bi- two, both, double Dys- abnormal, bad, painful Hemi- half Hetero- opposite, different Homo- same, similar Hyster- uterus Men- menstruation Quadri- four Re- back, again Super- above, beyond Tri- three

7. More Prefixes! A-, An- without, none Ad- toward/near midline Acro- extremities Ambi- on both sides Bio- life Brady- slow Circum- around, encircling Contra- against Dys- difficult, painful, bad, abnormal Endo- within Epi- upon, over, above Ex- out, out of Hyper- excessive, above, too much, over, beyond Hypo- less than, under, below, deficient

8. PREFIXES continued Hydro- fluid, water Inter- between Intra- within Iso- equal Mal- ill, bad Meta- after, beyond, change Multi- many, more than one Neo- new or abnormal Poly- many, much Post- after, behind Pro- before, in front of, forward Retro- behind, backward Sub- under, below, beneath Supra- above, on the top side Tachy- fast Trans- across, over

9. SUFFIX A suffix is a word component added to the end of a root/word that changes or modifies its usage, function, or meaning.

10. SUFFIXES: Surgical Procedures -centesis – to puncture/tap to draw fluid from -desis – surgical fixation, fusion -ectomy – excision, removal, cut out -pexy - fixation - plasty – surgical repair, correction -rrhaphy – suture -sect – to cut -stomy – forming a new opening -tome – instrument for cutting -tomy – incision into, cut into -tripsy – to crush, break down -puncture – to pierce a surface Moe, after the bandages come off and the wounds heal, you’ll still be a pig.

11. SUFFIXES: diagnostic procedures -assay – examine, analyze -gram – written record, recording -graph – instrument for recording -graphy – process of recording -manometer – instrument for measuring pressure -manometry – process of measuring pressure -meter – instrument for measuring -metery – process of measuring -opsy – to view -scope - instrument for examining -scopy – process of examining, examination

12. SUFFIXES: 5 rrh’s -rrhagia – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge -rrhage – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge -rrhaphy – suture -rrhea – flow, discharge -rrhexis - rupture

13. SUFFIXES: pertaining to… Suffixes that all mean pertaining to: -ac (cardiac) -al (dental) -ar (tonsilar) -ary (pulmonary) -ia (bradycardia) -ic (gastric) -ical (chemical) -ium (cardium) -ous (mucous) -tic (pancreatic) -us (hydrocephalus)

14. More Suffixes! -algia, -algesia – pain -cele – herniation, swelling -cide – killing, agent that kills -cyte - cell -emia – blood condition -ism – condition, disease -ist – specialist -itis – inflammation -logist – one who studies, specialist -logia, -logy – the study of -lysis – destruction, break down -megaly – enlarged -oid – resembling, like

15. MORE SUFFIXES - oma – tumor, mass -opia, -opsia – vision -osis – condition of -pathy – disease -plasm – growth/formation of tissue -pnea – breath, breathing -porosis – porous, decrease in density -ptosis – drooping, prolapsed -ptysis – spitting, spit up -spasm – twitching, involuntary contraction -therapy – treatment

16. ROOT A root is the basic element of a word, and it is the foundation on which the meaning of a word is built. Many roots are real words in their own right and term. Although these roots can have other elements, they don't need other elements to be complete. A root can be a whole word or a part of a word. Roots come from many different languages, mainly Greek and Latin, and find their way into English.

17. Rules! To define medical terms, divide or slash them into their component parts; these word components are called prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Use the hyphen ( - ) after the word component to indicate that it is a prefix; use it after the combining form to indicate that it needs a suffix; use it before the word component to indicate it is a suffix. For example: Epi-gastr/o/-cele

18. More Rules! Use the combining vowel “o” when a suffix begins with a consonant. i.e Termin/o/logy Use the combining vowel “o” when combining two roots only if the second root begins with a consonant. i.e. Pneum/o/thorax Do not use the combining vowel “o” if you are combining a second root that begins with a vowel or a suffix that begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y). i.e. Pneum/arthr/osis Add –y to a word to indicate a procedure (gastroscopy) or –ly to indicate an act or process (splenomegaly).

19. And More Rules!! The suffix –osis always denotes a condition (usually abnormal). When combined with the color roots erythr/o- (red) and leuk/o- (white), it represents a condition of abnormally increased blood cells. Most of the time, word components denoting color are used as prefixes. However, sometimes they are the root of the medical term.

20. ROOTS: Colors Alb/o, Albin/o, Leuk/o – white Chlor/o – green Cirrh/o – orange-yellow Cyan/o – blue Eosin/o, Erythr/o, Rhod/o, Rose/o, Rubr/i/o – red, rosy Flav/o, Jaund/o, Lute/o, Xanth/o – yellow Fusc/o – dark brown Glauc/o – gray, bluish greenan/o – black Poli/o, Tephr/o – gray, ashen Purpur/i - purple

21. THE BODY BLOOD CARDIOVASCULAR ENDOCRINE GASTROINTESTINAL INTEGUMENTARY LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE MUSCULAR NERVOUS REPRODUCTIVE – FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE – MALE RESPIRATORY SENSES (5) SKELETAL URINARY

22. BLOOD SYSTEM Agglutin/o – clumping Amyl/o - starch Anis/o – unequal Angi/o – blood/ lymph vessels Arteri/o - artery Bas/o, basi/o – base, foundation Coagul/o – coagulation, clotting Eosin/o – red, rosy, dawn Erythr/o – red Ferr/i, ferr/o – iron Granul/o – granules Haem/a, hem/o, hemat/o - blood

23. BLOOD SYSTEM Kal/i – potassium Leuk/o – white Myel/o – bone marrow, spinal cord Natr/o – sodium Neutr/o –neutral Norm/o – normal, usual Phleb/o - vein Phosphat/o – phosphate Poikil/o – variation, irregular Pykn/o, pycn/o – thick, dense Rhod/o – red, rosy

24. BLOOD SYSTEM Sangu/i, sanguin/o – blood Sapr/o – rotten, decay Schist/o – split, cleft Ser/o – serum, serous Sider/o – iron Spher/o – round, sphere Strept/o – twisted, curved Thromb/o – clot, thrombus Vas/o, vascul/o – blood vessel Ven/o - vein

25. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Hem/o/lysis - ______________________ Hyper/kal/emia - ___________________ Thromb/o/pheresis - ________________ Hyp/o/volemia - ____________________ Erythr/o/cyte - _____________________ Phleb/itis - ________________________ Hemat/o/logy - _____________________ ©2009 by Flex Ed All Rights Reserved

26. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Hem/o/lysis – Hyper/kal/emia – Thromb/o/pheresis - Hyp/o/volemia – Erythr/o/cyte – Phleb/itis – Hemat/o/logy - Blood breakdown Excess potassium in the blood Clot removal Low blood volume Red blood cell Vein inflammation Study of blood

27. CARDIOVASCULAR Cardium – the heart Cardi/o – heart Angi/o – vessel Aort/o – aorta Arteri/o - artery Ather/o – fatty substance, plaque Atri/o – atrium Coron/o – heart Embol/o – embolus, clot Isch/o – supress, restraint Mi/o – less, smaller My/o - muscle

28. CARDIOVASCULAR Palpit/o, palpitat/o – flutter, throbbing Rhe/o – flow, current, stream Sphygm/o – pulse Tel/e – distant, far, end Valv/o, valvul/o – valve Varic/o – varicose veins Vas/o, vascul/o – vessel Ven/o – vein Ventricul/o – heart/ brain ventricle Venul/o - venule

29. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Cardi/o/megaly - ____________________ Cardi/o/my/o/pathy - _________________ Brady/card/ia - _____________________ Tachy/card/ia - _____________________ Peri/card/ium - _____________________ My/o/card/ia - ______________________ Sphygm/o/man/o/meter - _____________ Arteri/o/scler/osis - __________________

30. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Cardi/o/megaly - Cardi/o/my/o/pathy Brady/card/ia - Tachy/card/ia - Peri/card/ium - My/o/card/ia - Sphygm/o/man/o/meter - Arteri/o/scler/osis - Enlarged heart Heart muscle disease Slow heart rate Fast heart rate Sac around the heart Heart muscle Blood pressure cuff Hardening of the arteries

31. DIRECTIONAL TERMS Medial, Medi/o – midline, toward the center (middle) Lateral, Later/o – towards the side, away from the midline Superior, Super/o – above, over Inferior, Infer/o – below, under Proximal, Proxim/o – near, closest to the origin Distal, Dist/o – away from, farthest from the origin

32. DIRECTIONAL TERMS Cranial, crani/o – toward the head Caudal, caud/o – toward the back or tail Dorsal, dors/o – near upper surface, back Ventral, ver/o – toward the bottom, front Posterior, poster/o – back, behind, after, toward the rear Anterior, anter/o – front, in front of

33. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Mediosuperior – Inferolateral – Laterosuperior – Inferomedial – Posterosuperior – Anterolateral – Posteromedial – Proximolateral -

34. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Mediosuperior – Inferolateral – Laterosuperior – Inferomedial – Posterosuperior – Anterolateral – Posteromedial – Proximolateral - Middle, upper Below, to the side To the side, upper Below, middle Back, upper Front, to the side Back, middle Closest to the point of origin, to the side

35. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Acr/o – extremities Aden/o – gland Adren/o – adrenal glands Cortic/o – cortex Crin/o – secrete, separate Gluc/o, glyc/o – glucose, sugar Hirsut/o – hairy Hormon/o – hormone Hidr/o - sweat Sial/o - saliva Thym/o – thymus gland Thyr/o, thyriod/o – thyroid gland Tox/o, toxic/o – poison, toxins Troph/o – growth, nourishment

36. MATCH THE TERMS Adrenalectomy Adrenalitis Pancreatalgia Pancreatolith Corticoadrenal Crinogenic Hirsutism Hormonopoiesis Pinealopathy Pancreatic stone Pertaining to the cortex adrenal glands Condition of being hairy Removal of adrenal glands Hormone formation Disease of the pineal gland Pain in the pancreas Inflammed adrenal glands Production of secretions

37. MATCH THE TERMS Adrenalectomy Adrenalitis Pancreatalgia Pancreatolith Corticoadrenal Crinogenic Hirsutism Hormonopoiesis Pinealopathy Removal of adrenal glands Inflammed adrenal glands Pain in the pancreas Pancreatic stone Cortex and adrenal glands Production of secretions Condition of being hairy Hormone formation Disease of the pineal gland

38. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Abdomin/o – abdomen Amyl/o – starch An/o – anus Bil/i – bile Bucc/o – cheek Cec/o – cecum Celi/o – abdomen Chol/e – gall, bile Cholecyst/o - gallbladder Col/o – colon Dent/i - tooth

39. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Dips/o – thirst Duoden/o – doudenum Enter/o – intestines Esophag/o – esophogus Gastr/o – stomach Gingiv/o – gums Gloss/o – tongue Hepat/o – liver Ile/o – ileum Jejun/o - jejunum Please pass the thingy for the thingy.

40. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Lapar/o – abdominal wall Lingu/o – tongue Odont/o – tooth Or/o – mouth Orth/o – straight, normal, correct Palat/o – palate Peps/o - digestion Peritone/o – peritoneum Phag/o – eating, ingestion Proct/o – rectum, anus Ptyal/o, sial/o – saliva Pyr/o – heat, fever, fire Rect/o – rectum Sigmoid/o – sigmoid colon Staphyl/o – uvula Stomat/o - mouth

41. FILL IN THE BLANKS Cholescystectomy - _______________________ Colonoscopy - ____________________________ Hepatomegaly - __________________________ Abdominocentesis - _______________________ Biligenesis – _____________________________ Colostomy - _____________________________ Enteroclysis - ____________________________ Esophagocele - ___________________________ Epigastric - ______________________________ Gingivitis - ______________________________ Laparoscope - ____________________________

42. FILL IN THE BLANKS Cholescystectomy Colonoscopy Hepatomegaly Abdominocentesis Biligenesis Colostomy Enteroclysis Esophagocele Epigastric Gingivitis Laparoscope Removal of the gallbladder Examination of the colon Enlarged liver To draw fluid from the abdomen The production of bile Forming an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall Irrigation/washing of the intestines Swelling/herniation of esophagus Pertaining to above the stomach Inflammed gums Instrument to examine abdomen

43. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Acanth/o – thorny, spiny Actin/o – ray, radiation Brom/o – odor Caus/o, cauter/o – burn Chrom/o – color Chrys/o – gold Cutane/o – skin Derm/o, dermat/o – skin Erythem/o – flushed, redness Eschar/o – scab Hidr/o, sud/o - sweat

44. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Lepid/o – flakes, scales Lepr/o – leprosy Onych/o, Ungu/o – nail Papul/o – papule, pimple, acne Perspir/o – breathe through Pil/o, Trich/o – hair Prurit/o, Psor/o – itching Py/o – pus Rhytid/o – wrinkle Seb/o – sebum Steat/o – fat Ul/o – scar, scarring Verruc/i – wart Xer/o - dry

45. MATCH THE TERMS Causalgia Dermatopathy Escharectomy Onychomycosis Lepidosis Dermatitis Xeroderma Papulosis Verrucosis Hyperulosis Condition of fungal nails Removal of a scab Burning pain Skin inflammation Skin disease Condition of pimples, acne Condition of flaky skin Excessive scarring Dry skin Condition of warts

46. LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM Adenoid/o – adenoids Axill/o – armpit Immun/o – protection, immune Lien/o – spleen Lymph/o – lymph Lymphaden/o – lymph nodes Nod/o – knot Ple/o - more Sarc/o – flesh Septic/o –the immune response to a severe infection, putrefaction Splen/o – spleen Tetan/o – tetanus Tonsill/o – tonsils Top/o – particular place or area Vaccin/o - vaccine

47. FILL IN THE BLANKS Axillary lymphadenitis - ______________ Lymphedema - _____________________ Splenemphraxis - ___________________ Lymphangiophlebitis - ________________ Prophylaxis - _______________________ Septicemia - _______________________ Tonsillitis - ________________________ Lienomalacia - ______________________ Nodular - __________________________

48. FILL IN THE BLANKS Axillary lymphadenitis Lymphedema Splenemphraxis Lymphangio- phlebitis Prophylaxis Septicemia Tonsillitis Lienomalacia Nodular Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the armpits Lymph swelling Spleen obstruction Venous inflammation of the lymphatic vessels Prevention of a disease Immune response to a severe blood infection Inflammation of the tonsils Softening of the spleen Pertaining to knots

49. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Asthen/o - weakness Aux/o – growth, acceleration Erg/o – work Fasci/o –fascia, connective tissue Fibr/o – fiber, fibrous Flect/o, flex/o – bend Kinesi/o – movement Lei/o –smooth Ligament/o – ligament Muscul/o, my/o, myos/o – muscle

50. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Pale/o – old Pyg/o – buttock Rhabd/o - rod Rhabdomy/o - skeletal muscle Rot/o, Rotat/o – turn, rotate, revolve Sthen/o – strength Syndesm/o – ligament, connective tissue Ten/o, Tenont/o – tendon Therapeut/o – treatment Ton/o – tone, tension

51. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Ankyl/o – stiff, crooked, bent Arthr/o, Articul/o – joint Brachi/o – arm Burs/o – bursa Calcane/o – heel Carp/o – wrist Centr/o – center Cephal/o – head Cervic/o – cervix, neck of the uterus Cheir/o, Chir/o – hand Chondr/o - cartilage

52. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Cleid/o – clavicle Coccyg/o – coccyx, tailbone Cost/o – rib Cox/o – hip Crani/o – skull Cubit/o – elbow, forearm Dactyl/o – digit of finger/toe Dent/o – tooth, teeth Faci/o – face Femor/o – femur Fibul/o – fibula, small calf bone Geni/o – chin

53. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Gnath/o – jaw Gnos/o – knowledge Goni/o – angle Gyr/o – circle, spiral Humer/o – humerus, upper arm bone Ili/o – ilium, bone in pelvis Ischi/o – ischium, lower back hip bone Kyph/o – humpback Lamin/o – lamina, plate or layer Lip/o – fat Lord/o – curvature, bending Lox/o – oblique, slanting Lumb/o – lower back, loin

54. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Maxill/o – maxilla, upper jaw Mel/o – limb, limbs Om/o – shoulder Opisth/o – backward, behind Oste/o – bone Patell/o – patella, knee cap Ped/o, pod/o – foot Pelv/i – pelvis Perone/o – fibula, small calf bone Petr/o – stone Phalang/o – phalanges, finger/ toe bones

55. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Pub/o – pubis Rachi/o – spine Sacr/o – sacrum, triangular bone @ bottom of spine & back of pelvic cavity Scapul/o – scapula, shoulder blade Scoli/o – crooked, twisted Skelet/o – skeleton Spin/o – spinal cord, spine Spondyl/o – vertebrae, spinal cord Stern/o – sternum Synov/o – synovia, joint fluid membrane Tal/o – talus, bone connecting leg to foot Tars/o – tarsus, foot bone, edge of eyelid Tibi/o – tibia, large calf bone Vertebr/o – vertebra Xiph/o – sword-shaped, xiphoid

56. MATCH THE TERMS Bursitis Hydrocephalus Lipochondroma Intercostal Myasthenia Pygalgia Arthritis Craniotomy Kyphoscoliosis Myocarcinoma e h j a d b f c g i a. Between ribs b. Pain in the buttocks c. Cut into skull d. Muscle weakness e. Inflammation of bursa f. Joint inflammation g. Humpback/crooked spine h. Fluid in the head i. Cancer tumor in muscle j. Tumor of fat & cartilage

57. NERVOUS SYSTEM Astr/o – star Atel/o – incomplete, imperfect Cerebell/o – cerebellum Cerebr/o – cerebrum, brain Drom/o – running Encephal/o – brain Esthesi/o – sensation, feeling Gangli/o, Ganglion/o – a cyst on/around joint/tendon Gli/o – glue, neuroglia Heli/o – sun Hydr/o – water, hydrogen Keraun/o – lightning Log/o – word, speech, thought Mening/o – meninges, membranes Ment/o – mind Myel/o – spinal cord, bone marrow

58. NERVOUS SYSTEM Narc/o – numbness, stupor Neur/o – nerve Phaner/o – visible, apparent Phob/o – fear, aversion Phren/o – mind, diaphragm Picr/o – bitter Pies/i – pressure Pleg/o - paralyzed Poli/o – gray (matter) Por/o – opening, passageway Psych/o – mind Psychr/o – cold Radicul/o – nerve root Rhiz/o – root Schiz/o – split, division Somn/i – sleep Syring/o – tube, fistula Tax/o – coordination Tel/o – end Tephr/o – gray (ashen) Thanat/o – death Thec/o – sheath Vag/o – vagus nerve

59. FILL IN THE BLANKS Atelomyelia - ____________________________ Cerebellospinal - _________________________ Encephalomalacia - _______________________ Esthesioneurosis - ________________________ Gliocyte - _______________________________ Hypnotic - _______________________________ Insomnia - ______________________________ Meningocele - ___________________________ Myelocele - _____________________________ Neurotripsy - ____________________________ Vagolysis - ______________________________

60. FILL IN THE BLANKS Atelomyelia Cerebellospinal Encephalomalacia Esthesioneurosis Gliocyte Hypnotic Insomnia Meningocele Myelocele Neurotripsy Vagolysis Imperfect spinal cord Pertaining to cerebellum/spine Softening of the brain Condition of nerve sensation Cell glue Pertaining to sleep Condition of not sleeping Membrane swelling/herniation Spinal cord swelling/herniation Nerve break down Vagus nerve destruction

61. Reproductive System: FEMALE Amni/o – sac around the embryo Cervic/o –neck of the uterus, cervix Chor/i – chorion, two layers that surround the embryo/amniotic sac and other membranes Colp/o, vagin/o – vagina Culd/o – cul-de-sac Embry/o – embryo, fetus Episi/o, vulv/o – vulva Fet/o – fetus Galact/o, lact/o – milk Gravid/o - pregnancy Gynec/o – woman

62. Reproductive System: FEMALE Helc/o – ulcer Hymen/o – hymen, membrane that surrounds the vaginal opening Hyster/o, uter/o – uterus Lecith/o – yolk, ovum Mamm/o – mammary glands in breast Mast/o – breast Men/o – menses, menstruation Metr/o – uterus Nat/o – birth O/o, ov/i, ov/o – egg, ovum Obstetr/o – midwife

63. FEMALE Continued Omphal/o – navel Oophor/o, ovari/o – ovary Perine/o – perineum, surface area between the pubic arch, the tailbone, & the legs (male or female) Per/o – deformed, maimed Sacchar/o – sugar Salping/o – fallopian tubes Terat/o – monster, wonder Thel/o – nipple Toc/o – childbirth, labor Tub/o – tube Viv/i – life, alive

64. MATCH THE TERMS Amniocentesis Cervicovaginitis Ovariocyesis Episiostenosis Hysterosalpingoophor-ectomy Lactorrhea Menopause Menorrhagia Neonatology Septipara a. hardening of the vulva b. milk discharge c. study of new birth d. to puncture/tap into the wall of the uterus to draw out amniotic fluid e. menstrual cessation f. seven pregnancies g. excessive menstrual flow h. inflamed cervix and vagina i. removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries j. pregnancy in an ovary d. h. j. a. i. b. e. g. c. f.

65. Reproductive System: MALE Andr/o – male Balan/o – glans penis, tip of the penis Blenn/o - mucus Crypt/o – hidden, concealed Epididym/o – epididymis Genit/o – reproduction Gon/o – genitals, semen Gonad/o – gonads, primary reproductive organs (testes-male, ovaries-female) Inguin/o - groin Olig/o – scanty, few, little Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o – testis

66. Reproductive System: MALE Osche/o – scrotum Phall/o – penis Phim/o – muzzle Prostat/o – prostate glands Semen/i - semen Sperm/o, spermat/o – sperm, spermatozoa Test/o, testicul/o – testis Vas/o – vas deferens, vessel Venere/o – sexual intercourse Vesicul/o – seminal vesicle, gland that produces 70% of the fluid that becomes semen

67. FILL IN THE BLANKS Balanoblennorrhea - _________________ Gonorrhea - _______________________ Oligospermia - _____________________ Orchidynia - _______________________ Oscheoplasty - _____________________ Phallemphraxis - ____________________ Spermicide - _______________________ Vasectomy - _______________________

68. FILL IN THE BLANKS Balanoblennorrhea Gonorrhea Oligospermia Orchidynia Oscheoplasty Phallemphraxis Spermicide Vasectomy Mucus discharge from the glans penis Genital discharge Pertaining to low sperm Pain in the testis Scrotum corrective surgery Penis obstruction Sperm killer Removal of vas deferens

69. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Alveol/o – alveolus Aspir/o, aspirat/o – inhaling, removal Blenn/o – mucus Bronch/o – bronchus, airway Bronchiol/o – bronchiole Capn/o – carbon dioxide Coni/o – dust Epiglott/o – epiglottis Lal/o – speech, babble Lampr/o – clear Laryng/o – larynx Lept/o – slender, thin, delicate Lob/o – lobe Mediastin/o – mediastinum, central area of thoracic cavity Nas/o – nose Olfact/o, osm/o, osphresi/o – sense of smell, odor, impulse Ox/o – oxygen Pector/o – chest Phas/o – speech

70. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Phon/o – voice, sound Phren/o – diaphragm, mind Pimel/o - fat, fatty Pleur/o – pleura Pnea – breathing, breath Pneum/o, pneumon/o – lung, air Pulmon/o – lung Respir/o, respirat/o – breath, breathing Rhin/o – nose Sept/o – partition Silic/o – silica, quartz Sin/o, sinus/o – cavity, sinus Span/o – scanty, scarce Spir/o – breath, breathing Steth/o – chest Therm/o – heat Thorac/o, thorax/o – chest Trache/o – trachea

71. MATCH THE TERMS Apnea Alveolar atelectasis Bronchospasm Epiglottitis Hemoptysis Hemothorax Hypercapnia Hypoxia Laryngoscope Pneumonitis Spirometry Stethoscope Thoracentesis Trachealmalacia condition of excessive carbon dioxide to puncture/tap to draw fluid from the thoracic cavity blood in the thoracic cavity trachea softening instrument to examine the larynx inflammation of the epiglottis without breathing instrument to examine/listen to chest incomplete expansion of alveoli low/deficient oxygen lung inflammation spitting up blood to measure breathing airway contraction/twitching g. i. n. f. l. c. a. j. e. k. m. h. b. d.

72. URINARY SYSTEM Albumin/o – albumin Azot/o – nitrogen, urea Calci/o – calcium Cali/o – calyx Cupr/o - copper Cyst / o – bladder Fusc/o – dark brown Glomerul/o - glomerulus Glyc/o, gluc/o – sugar Keton/o – ketones Lith/o – stone, calculus Nephr/o – kidney Py/o – pus Pyel/o – renal pelvis Ren/o – kidney Ur/o, urin/o – urine Ureter/o – ureter Urethr/o – urethra Uric/o – uric acid Vesic/o – urinary bladder

73. FILL IN THE BLANKS Cholecystectomy - ________________________ Cystitis - ________________________________ Hematuria - _____________________________ Nephrolithectomy - _______________________ Nephrology - ____________________________ Nephrosclerosis - _________________________ Pyuria - _________________________________ Renogastric - ____________________________ Ureterostomy - ___________________________ Urethratresia - ___________________________

74. FILL IN THE BLANKS Cystectomy Cystitis Hematuria Nephrolithectomy Nephrology Nephrosclerosis Pyuria Renogastric Ureterostomy Urethratresia Removal of the bladder Bladder/cyst inflammation Pertaining to blood in the urine Removal of kidney stones The study of the kidneys Hardening of the kidneys Pus in the urine Pertaining to the kidneys & stomach Forming a new opening for the ureter Occlusion of the urethra

75. FIVE SENSES : HEARING Acous/o, acoust/o - hearing Audi/o, audit/o – hearing Aur/o - ear Aricul/o – ear Cochle/o – snail-shaped, auditory portion of inner ear Myring/o - eardrum Ot/o – ear Son/o - sound Tympan/o - eardrum

76. FIVE SENSES: SMELL Nas/o – nose Olfact/o – smell Osm/o – smell Ophresi/o - smell Rhin/o - nose I smell trouble!

77. FIVE SENSES: TOUCH Haph/e – touch Pselaphes/o – touch Tact/o – touch Thigm/o - touch

78. FIVE SENSES: TASTE Gloss/o - tongue Gustat/o – taste Gust/o – taste Lingu/o - tongue Or/o – mouth Stomat/o – mouth

79. FIVE SENSES: VISION Blephar/o, palpebr/o – eyelid Conjunctiv/o – conjunctiva, thin membrane that covers the inside of the eyelid & outside of eyeball Cor/o, pupill/o – pupil Corne/o – cornea Dacry/o – tear Dipl/o – double Hygr/o – moisture Ir/o, irid/o – iris Kerat/o – cornea Lacrim/o – tear/lacrimal duct Logad/o – whites of the eyes Ocul/o – eye Ophry/o – eyebrow Ophthalm/o – eye Opt/o – vision Phac/o, phak/o – lens Retin/o – retina Scler/o – sclera Stigmat/o – point Uve/o – uvea Vitre/o - glassy

80. MATCH THE TERMS Acoustic Myringosis Otodynia Otorrhea Nasopharyngeal Osmosis Rhinoplasty Rhinohemorrhagia Haphephobia Haphalgia Thigmesthesia Glossoepiglottic Glossodynia Stomatopathy Blepharoptosis Conjunctivitis Diplopia Opthalmologist Phacomalacia Pain in the ear Pertaining to the nose and pharynx Condition of smelling Surgical repair/correction of the nose Pertaining to hearing Ear discharge Condition of the eardrum Painful touch Pertaining to the tongue and epiglottis Drooping eyelid Excessive blood flow from the nose Eye specialist Sensation of touch Fear of being touched Double vision Tongue pain Softening of the lens of the eye Inflammation of the conjunctiva Disease of the mouth

81. MATCH THE TERMS Acoustic Myringosis Otodynia Otorrhea Nasopharyngeal Osmosis Rhinoplasty Rhinohemorrhagia Haphephobia Haphalgia Thigmesthesia Glossoepiglottic Glossodynia Stomatopathy Blepharoptosis Conjunctivitis Diplopia Opthalmologist Phacomalacia Pain in the ear Pertaining to the nose and pharynx Condition of smelling Surgical repair/correction of the nose Pertaining to hearing Ear discharge Condition of the eardrum Painful touch Pertaining to the tongue and epiglottis Drooping eyelid Excessive blood flow from the nose Eye specialist Sensation of touch Fear of being touched Double vision Tongue pain Softening of the lens of the eye Inflammation of the conjunctiva Disease of the mouth

82. TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES Antispasmodic – drug agent that supresses involuntary contractions Aphagia – difficulty or loss of the ability to swallow or eat Sumptomatology – the study of symptoms Perianal – pertaining to around the anus Thrombus – a solid mass formed in the heart or vessels (blood clot) Lithotomy – incision to remove a stone Uremia – pertaining to urea in the blood Emphysema – a pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or organs Pyocele – collection of pus in a bodily cavity

83. TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES Pneumothorax – air in the chest / thorax Diplegia – paralysis of like parts on both sides of the body Leukemia – progressive, malignant disease of the blood forming organs, a type of cancer Multipara – a woman who has had two or more births Autodiagnosis – self diagnosis

84. TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES Contraindication – any condition that renders a treatment as improper or undesirable Transposition – displacement of a viscus to the opposite side Acute – having sudden severe symptoms, usually life-threatening Angina – chest pain Cellular – pertaining to cells Deltoid – resembling a triangle, rotator cuff, muscle in shoulder

85. Questions?