Medical Procedures #3
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Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow through arteries and veins, and can detect blood clots. A cardiac perfusion scan measures blood flow to the heart muscles at rest and during exercise to identify areas with reduced blood flow. Vein ligation and stripping involves tying off and removing large, weak veins in the legs to reduce blood pressure and prevent disorders, improving appearance and relieving pain and skin issues.
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Cardiovascular System
The document summarizes several common diagnostic procedures used to evaluate the cardiovascular system:
1. Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow and can detect blockages in arteries.
2. Echocardiography, also known as an echo, is an ultrasound of the heart that creates moving images to examine heart structures and blood flow through the heart.
3. A cardiac stress test examines how well the heart can meet increased demand during exercise by looking at changes in blood flow to the heart muscle.
Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
An arrhythmia occurs when the electrical impulses that coordinates your heartbeats don't work properly, resulting in your heart to beat too fast, too slow or abnormally.
Cardiovascular system
Stress tests determine how much stress the heart can handle before developing an abnormal rhythm or ischemia. Common stress tests include treadmill tests where the patient exercises until symptoms develop, adenosine tests using a drug to simulate exercise, and stress echocardiograms revealing blood flow issues. Thrombolytic therapy uses intravenous drugs to break up blood clots and prevent damage from heart attacks and ischemic strokes. Doppler ultrasounds use sound waves to evaluate blood flow and detect blockages, assessing arteries and veins in the neck, arms, legs, and during pregnancy. Carotid Doppler ultrasounds specifically image the carotid arteries in the neck, which are important to evaluate for blockages that could cause strokes.
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Diagnostic procedures for coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is caused by atherosclerosis reducing blood flow to the heart, which can cause chest pain or heart attack. Diagnostic tests include cardiac enzymes in blood to detect heart muscle damage, serum lipoprotein levels indicating atherosclerosis risk, and various imaging techniques. Imaging options are angiography examining heart blood vessels, cardiac scans measuring blood flow at rest and during exercise, Doppler ultrasonography assessing blood flow velocity and direction, echocardiography creating heart images, and venography examining vein blood flow. Cardiac function tests involve cardiac catheterization examining the inside of the heart, electrocardiography monitoring heart electrical activity, Holter monitors tracking heart activity during daily life, and stress tests evaluating cardiovascular fitness during exercise.
Procedure Powerpoint
Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of tissues and organs. It measures blood velocity non-invasively. A holter monitor is a portable ECG device patients wear to monitor heart activity during daily activities. Ligation and stripping is a treatment for varicose veins that involves surgically tying off the greater saphenous vein and removing it to decrease blood pressure and improve leg appearance and comfort.
Cardiovascular system
Cardiac enzymes are blood tests that measure levels of proteins released when heart muscle is damaged, such as during a heart attack. Common enzymes tested include CK, LDH, and GOT. Their levels rise as the enzymes leak from injured heart cells into the bloodstream. Blood samples are usually drawn every 8-12 hours for 1-2 days to track the rise and fall. However, the tests may not be useful if the patient is on statins, uses alcohol heavily, exercises intensely, or had recent injury, surgery, CPR or kidney failure. A cardiac CT scan uses x-rays to create a 3D image of the heart and check for issues like calcium buildup, CHD or valve problems. It
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Cardiovascular System
The document summarizes several common diagnostic procedures used to evaluate the cardiovascular system:
1. Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow and can detect blockages in arteries.
2. Echocardiography, also known as an echo, is an ultrasound of the heart that creates moving images to examine heart structures and blood flow through the heart.
3. A cardiac stress test examines how well the heart can meet increased demand during exercise by looking at changes in blood flow to the heart muscle.
Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
An arrhythmia occurs when the electrical impulses that coordinates your heartbeats don't work properly, resulting in your heart to beat too fast, too slow or abnormally.
Cardiovascular system
Stress tests determine how much stress the heart can handle before developing an abnormal rhythm or ischemia. Common stress tests include treadmill tests where the patient exercises until symptoms develop, adenosine tests using a drug to simulate exercise, and stress echocardiograms revealing blood flow issues. Thrombolytic therapy uses intravenous drugs to break up blood clots and prevent damage from heart attacks and ischemic strokes. Doppler ultrasounds use sound waves to evaluate blood flow and detect blockages, assessing arteries and veins in the neck, arms, legs, and during pregnancy. Carotid Doppler ultrasounds specifically image the carotid arteries in the neck, which are important to evaluate for blockages that could cause strokes.
Treating your Veins - pt -update2
This document discusses the treatment of peripheral venous disease. It begins by describing the function of the peripheral venous system and anatomy of the leg veins. It then discusses common symptoms of vein disease and diagnostic testing using duplex ultrasound. The document outlines conservative and surgical treatment options, including compression stockings, sclerotherapy, laser/radiofrequency ablation, and surgical ligation/stripping. It compares benefits of heat-based ablation versus newer non-heat techniques like cyanoacrylate glue closure. FAQs address whether varicose veins are needed for potential future bypass surgery.
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The document discusses cardiomyopathies, which are diseases of the heart muscle that affect its structure and function. It describes three main types - dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. For each type, it covers causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and nursing care considerations.
Diagnostic procedures for coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is caused by atherosclerosis reducing blood flow to the heart, which can cause chest pain or heart attack. Diagnostic tests include cardiac enzymes in blood to detect heart muscle damage, serum lipoprotein levels indicating atherosclerosis risk, and various imaging techniques. Imaging options are angiography examining heart blood vessels, cardiac scans measuring blood flow at rest and during exercise, Doppler ultrasonography assessing blood flow velocity and direction, echocardiography creating heart images, and venography examining vein blood flow. Cardiac function tests involve cardiac catheterization examining the inside of the heart, electrocardiography monitoring heart electrical activity, Holter monitors tracking heart activity during daily life, and stress tests evaluating cardiovascular fitness during exercise.
Procedure Powerpoint
Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of tissues and organs. It measures blood velocity non-invasively. A holter monitor is a portable ECG device patients wear to monitor heart activity during daily activities. Ligation and stripping is a treatment for varicose veins that involves surgically tying off the greater saphenous vein and removing it to decrease blood pressure and improve leg appearance and comfort.
Cardiovascular system
Cardiac enzymes are blood tests that measure levels of proteins released when heart muscle is damaged, such as during a heart attack. Common enzymes tested include CK, LDH, and GOT. Their levels rise as the enzymes leak from injured heart cells into the bloodstream. Blood samples are usually drawn every 8-12 hours for 1-2 days to track the rise and fall. However, the tests may not be useful if the patient is on statins, uses alcohol heavily, exercises intensely, or had recent injury, surgery, CPR or kidney failure. A cardiac CT scan uses x-rays to create a 3D image of the heart and check for issues like calcium buildup, CHD or valve problems. It
Diagnostic Procedures Of The Cardiovascular System
The document discusses several common diagnostic procedures for the cardiovascular system:
Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow and can detect blocked arteries or blood clots. A Holter monitor continuously records the heart's electrical activity while worn for 24-48 hours during normal activity to check for irregular rhythms. Stress testing monitors the heart and increases physical exertion on a treadmill to assess how well the heart handles increased demand and blood flow requirements. Other procedures mentioned include angiography, cardiac scans, echocardiography, venography, cardiac catheterization, and electrocardiography.
Diagnostic procedures
The document discusses three common cardiac diagnostic procedures: cardiac scan, Doppler ultrasound, and Holter monitor. A cardiac scan uses radioactive tracers and scanning equipment to visualize the heart and detect problems like damage, aortic aneurysms, and blood clots. Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that uses sound waves to measure blood flow and pressure and can detect issues like blood clots and narrowed arteries. A Holter monitor is a portable ECG worn for hours to days to assess heart activity during daily life and detect intermittent rhythm changes. The tests carry minimal risks like low radiation amounts.
Cardiovascular system/ diagnostic tests and procedures
Genetics, stress, diet, and lack of physical activity can cause cardiovascular disease. Common diagnostic tests include cardiac CT scans, halter monitors, Doppler ultrasounds, and electrocardiograms. CT scans provide detailed 3D images of the heart and are used to detect calcium buildup or problems with the heart, valves, or aorta. Halter monitors continuously monitor heart activity for at least 24 hours to detect arrhythmias or epileptic events. Doppler ultrasounds use sound waves to measure blood flow and pressure and diagnose issues like blood clots, heart defects, narrowed or blocked arteries, or valve problems. These tests can often be done as outpatients without overnight hospital stays.
Diagnostic Procedures for Cardiovascular system
Cardiac catheterization is a procedure that inserts a catheter into the heart to evaluate heart function and disease. It can diagnose conditions like coronary artery disease and determine if treatments like angioplasty are needed. The catheter is inserted into an artery and guided to the heart where contrast dye is injected to image the heart and arteries. An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the heart's electrical activity through electrodes on the skin to check for issues like heart attacks or abnormal rhythms. A computed tomography (CT) scan uses x-rays to create clear pictures of the heart and assess conditions like tumors without invasive procedures.
Presentation1
Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to measure blood flow and pressure by detecting circulating red blood cells. It can identify issues like narrowed arteries or decreased blood circulation. During pregnancy it monitors umbilical blood flow. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to visualize the heart's internal structures and assess how well the chambers and valves are working. It can detect abnormalities in heart muscle movement, blood clots, fluid buildup, and aorta problems. Stress testing monitors heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, EKG, and oxygen levels during treadmill exercise to diagnose coronary artery disease, check exercise tolerance, and predict heart attack risk. Abnormalities found prompt stopping or slowing down.
Heart lecture 2
1. Arteries and veins have three layers (tunica intima, media, and externa), but arteries have a thicker muscular layer to withstand higher pressures. Capillaries are single layers of endothelial cells.
2. The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart.
3. At birth, circulatory changes occur such as the ductus arterios
The heart and circulatory system
The document discusses common diagnostic procedures for the heart and circulatory system, including echocardiography, cardiac scans, and stress testing. Echocardiography uses sound waves to create moving pictures of the heart and identify issues like heart murmurs or valve problems. Cardiac scans use radioactive thallium and cameras to image parts of the heart with good blood flow. Stress testing monitors the heart during increasing levels of exercise to evaluate issues like chest pain or shortness of breath during exertion.
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed due to plaque buildup within the arteries over many years. This reduces blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle. CAD is diagnosed using tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, echocardiograms, and heart scans. Treatment options include medications to improve blood flow, angioplasty to widen narrowed arteries using a balloon catheter, stents to prop open the arteries, or atherectomy using a tiny drill to remove plaque. Lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, weight control, and managing conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can help prevent and manage CAD.
2. investigation of cardiovascular system )2(
This document discusses electrocardiography (ECG) and its use in evaluating cardiac disease. An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities in rhythm, conduction, chamber size and ischemia. A standard ECG involves 10 electrodes that produce 12 leads displaying the heart's electrical signals from different angles. ECGs are used to diagnose conditions like myocardial infarction and assess heart muscle damage through changes in the ST segment and T waves.
Cardiac diagnostic tests
This document provides an overview of various cardiac diagnostic tests, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), chest x-rays, stress tests, echocardiograms, nuclear stress tests, Holter monitors, event recorders, PET scans, cardiac catheterization, cardiac MRI, and intravascular ultrasound. It describes what each test is used to evaluate, such as heart size, function, blood flow, or blockages in the coronary arteries. The sensitivity and specificity are provided for some tests. A variety of stress tests are discussed, including treadmill, bicycle, pharmacological, and tilt table tests.
Cardiovascular Diagnosis
The document provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the heart, as well as various heart diseases. It describes the internal and external structures of the heart, how the heart pumps blood through the body, and how the heart gets its own blood supply. It then covers topics like the symptoms, signs, and investigations of general heart disease. It discusses specific conditions like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, hypertensive heart disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, congenital heart diseases, heart rhythm disorders, and infectious endocarditis.
Cardiovascular assessment and diagnostic procedures
The document provides an overview of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, including the structure of the heart, chambers of the heart, heart valves, cardiac cycle, and coronary arteries. It also discusses the cardiac conduction system, including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. Common diagnostic tests and manifestations of cardiovascular disease are also mentioned.
Chapter 5 presentation
The document summarizes three cardiovascular diagnostic tests:
1) Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to assess blood flow through arteries and veins, helping doctors evaluate reduced or blocked blood flow. It can detect blood clots that increase risks of stroke or pulmonary embolism.
2) Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to evaluate the heart valves and detect abnormalities in blood flow or thickened heart walls. It is noninvasive.
3) A Holter monitor continuously records a patient's EKG for 24 hours during daily activities to associate symptoms with heart rhythms like ischemia or reduced blood supply. Electrodes are attached to record the EKG for later analysis.
Investigation in cardiac diseases cvs
This document discusses various methods used to investigate cardiac diseases, including electrocardiography (ECG), chest x-rays, echocardiography, ambulatory ECG monitoring, radionuclide scanning, cardiac catheterization, and coronary angiography. It provides details on what each test can detect, such as arrhythmias, conduction defects, or enlarged heart chambers. Echocardiography is highlighted as a sensitive method for evaluating heart chamber size and function, including ejection fraction and wall motion. Different echocardiography techniques including 2D, M-Mode, and Doppler are described for assessing abnormalities.
Cardiovascular diagnostic procedures
Echocardiography uses ultrasound to visualize the heart's structures and blood flow. It can diagnose and assess conditions like valvular disease, ventricular function, pericardial effusions, and congenital heart defects. Common types include transthoracic, stress, transesophageal, fetal, and 3D echocardiography.
Holter monitors continuously record heart rhythm for 24-48 hours using sensors stuck to the chest. They can diagnose arrhythmias, heart rate problems, and silent myocardial ischemia.
Cardiac enzyme tests measure levels of enzymes released when heart muscle is damaged, indicating heart attacks or other cardiovascular conditions. Common enzymes tested include CK, troponin, and myoglobin.
Human blood pressure basics
Blood pressure is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure is due to work done by the heart by pumping blood through the circulatory system. Used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the pressure in large arteries of the systemic circulation.
Cardiovascular system procedures
The document discusses several cardiovascular system procedures including diagnostic tests, therapeutic procedures, and minor surgeries. Cardiac enzymes testing analyzes blood levels of enzymes to detect heart muscle injury. A Holter monitor continuously records heart electrical activity over hours to days to identify arrhythmias. Ligation and stripping is a minor surgery that ties off and removes damaged veins to improve blood drainage and reduce vein pressure.
Cardiovascular procedures
This document summarizes four cardiovascular procedures:
1) Holter monitoring involves wearing portable ECG electrodes for 1-2 days to monitor heart activity and compare to a patient's daily log of symptoms.
2) Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create images of the heart and valves to assess function and detect issues.
3) Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to detect blood flow speed and identify clogged arteries or reduced flow.
4) Thrombolytic therapy involves injecting clot-busting drugs into veins to dissolve blood clots, with better outcomes if administered within 12 hours of a heart attack.
Cardvascular Pp
Thrombolytic therapy uses drugs to break up dangerous blood clots and is used to treat ischemic strokes and clots in the lungs, legs, heart or other arteries. Complications are common and include bleeding and low blood pressure so the treatment requires close monitoring. Stress testing evaluates how the heart handles exercise to determine stability and appropriate exercise levels. The test involves monitoring the heart while walking on a treadmill at increasing speeds. Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow through major arteries and veins, revealing clots. It involves passing an instrument over the skin above a vessel to detect changes in sound wave pitch from blood cell movement. Different Doppler types provide blood flow information or vessel images.
The cardiovascular system – 3 procedures
This document summarizes three common cardiovascular procedures: cardiac perfusion scans use radioactive tracers and imaging to evaluate blood flow and detect damage from heart attacks; cardiac enzyme tests analyze blood levels of enzymes like CK-MB to screen for and confirm heart muscle damage; and ligation and stripping surgery removes damaged varicose veins by tying them off and extracting them to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the pulmonary arteries of the lungs, usually caused by blood clots traveling from deep leg veins. Left untreated, it can be life-threatening by preventing blood flow to the lungs. Risk factors include recent surgery, cancer, prolonged inactivity, and genetic blood clotting disorders. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, chest pain, and anxiety. Diagnosis involves tests like CT scans, MRI, blood tests, and angiography. Treatment focuses on blood thinners to prevent further clotting and in some cases clot removal procedures. Prevention emphasizes early mobility, compression stockings, and blood thinners especially after surgery or periods of inactivity.
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the pulmonary arteries of the lungs, usually caused by blood clots traveling from the legs. It can damage lung tissue and decrease oxygen levels. Risk factors include injuries, prolonged sitting or bed rest, recent surgery or trauma, cancer, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and inherited clotting disorders. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like CT scans, and sometimes angiograms. Treatment focuses on blood thinners to prevent further clotting and clot dissolvers in severe cases.
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Diagnostic Procedures Of The Cardiovascular System
The document discusses several common diagnostic procedures for the cardiovascular system:
Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow and can detect blocked arteries or blood clots. A Holter monitor continuously records the heart's electrical activity while worn for 24-48 hours during normal activity to check for irregular rhythms. Stress testing monitors the heart and increases physical exertion on a treadmill to assess how well the heart handles increased demand and blood flow requirements. Other procedures mentioned include angiography, cardiac scans, echocardiography, venography, cardiac catheterization, and electrocardiography.
Diagnostic procedures
The document discusses three common cardiac diagnostic procedures: cardiac scan, Doppler ultrasound, and Holter monitor. A cardiac scan uses radioactive tracers and scanning equipment to visualize the heart and detect problems like damage, aortic aneurysms, and blood clots. Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that uses sound waves to measure blood flow and pressure and can detect issues like blood clots and narrowed arteries. A Holter monitor is a portable ECG worn for hours to days to assess heart activity during daily life and detect intermittent rhythm changes. The tests carry minimal risks like low radiation amounts.
Cardiovascular system/ diagnostic tests and procedures
Genetics, stress, diet, and lack of physical activity can cause cardiovascular disease. Common diagnostic tests include cardiac CT scans, halter monitors, Doppler ultrasounds, and electrocardiograms. CT scans provide detailed 3D images of the heart and are used to detect calcium buildup or problems with the heart, valves, or aorta. Halter monitors continuously monitor heart activity for at least 24 hours to detect arrhythmias or epileptic events. Doppler ultrasounds use sound waves to measure blood flow and pressure and diagnose issues like blood clots, heart defects, narrowed or blocked arteries, or valve problems. These tests can often be done as outpatients without overnight hospital stays.
Diagnostic Procedures for Cardiovascular system
Cardiac catheterization is a procedure that inserts a catheter into the heart to evaluate heart function and disease. It can diagnose conditions like coronary artery disease and determine if treatments like angioplasty are needed. The catheter is inserted into an artery and guided to the heart where contrast dye is injected to image the heart and arteries. An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the heart's electrical activity through electrodes on the skin to check for issues like heart attacks or abnormal rhythms. A computed tomography (CT) scan uses x-rays to create clear pictures of the heart and assess conditions like tumors without invasive procedures.
Presentation1
Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to measure blood flow and pressure by detecting circulating red blood cells. It can identify issues like narrowed arteries or decreased blood circulation. During pregnancy it monitors umbilical blood flow. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to visualize the heart's internal structures and assess how well the chambers and valves are working. It can detect abnormalities in heart muscle movement, blood clots, fluid buildup, and aorta problems. Stress testing monitors heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, EKG, and oxygen levels during treadmill exercise to diagnose coronary artery disease, check exercise tolerance, and predict heart attack risk. Abnormalities found prompt stopping or slowing down.
Heart lecture 2
1. Arteries and veins have three layers (tunica intima, media, and externa), but arteries have a thicker muscular layer to withstand higher pressures. Capillaries are single layers of endothelial cells.
2. The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart.
3. At birth, circulatory changes occur such as the ductus arterios
The heart and circulatory system
The document discusses common diagnostic procedures for the heart and circulatory system, including echocardiography, cardiac scans, and stress testing. Echocardiography uses sound waves to create moving pictures of the heart and identify issues like heart murmurs or valve problems. Cardiac scans use radioactive thallium and cameras to image parts of the heart with good blood flow. Stress testing monitors the heart during increasing levels of exercise to evaluate issues like chest pain or shortness of breath during exertion.
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed due to plaque buildup within the arteries over many years. This reduces blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle. CAD is diagnosed using tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, echocardiograms, and heart scans. Treatment options include medications to improve blood flow, angioplasty to widen narrowed arteries using a balloon catheter, stents to prop open the arteries, or atherectomy using a tiny drill to remove plaque. Lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, weight control, and managing conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can help prevent and manage CAD.
2. investigation of cardiovascular system )2(
This document discusses electrocardiography (ECG) and its use in evaluating cardiac disease. An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities in rhythm, conduction, chamber size and ischemia. A standard ECG involves 10 electrodes that produce 12 leads displaying the heart's electrical signals from different angles. ECGs are used to diagnose conditions like myocardial infarction and assess heart muscle damage through changes in the ST segment and T waves.
Cardiac diagnostic tests
This document provides an overview of various cardiac diagnostic tests, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), chest x-rays, stress tests, echocardiograms, nuclear stress tests, Holter monitors, event recorders, PET scans, cardiac catheterization, cardiac MRI, and intravascular ultrasound. It describes what each test is used to evaluate, such as heart size, function, blood flow, or blockages in the coronary arteries. The sensitivity and specificity are provided for some tests. A variety of stress tests are discussed, including treadmill, bicycle, pharmacological, and tilt table tests.
Cardiovascular Diagnosis
The document provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the heart, as well as various heart diseases. It describes the internal and external structures of the heart, how the heart pumps blood through the body, and how the heart gets its own blood supply. It then covers topics like the symptoms, signs, and investigations of general heart disease. It discusses specific conditions like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, hypertensive heart disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, congenital heart diseases, heart rhythm disorders, and infectious endocarditis.
Cardiovascular assessment and diagnostic procedures
The document provides an overview of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, including the structure of the heart, chambers of the heart, heart valves, cardiac cycle, and coronary arteries. It also discusses the cardiac conduction system, including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. Common diagnostic tests and manifestations of cardiovascular disease are also mentioned.
Chapter 5 presentation
The document summarizes three cardiovascular diagnostic tests:
1) Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to assess blood flow through arteries and veins, helping doctors evaluate reduced or blocked blood flow. It can detect blood clots that increase risks of stroke or pulmonary embolism.
2) Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to evaluate the heart valves and detect abnormalities in blood flow or thickened heart walls. It is noninvasive.
3) A Holter monitor continuously records a patient's EKG for 24 hours during daily activities to associate symptoms with heart rhythms like ischemia or reduced blood supply. Electrodes are attached to record the EKG for later analysis.
Investigation in cardiac diseases cvs
This document discusses various methods used to investigate cardiac diseases, including electrocardiography (ECG), chest x-rays, echocardiography, ambulatory ECG monitoring, radionuclide scanning, cardiac catheterization, and coronary angiography. It provides details on what each test can detect, such as arrhythmias, conduction defects, or enlarged heart chambers. Echocardiography is highlighted as a sensitive method for evaluating heart chamber size and function, including ejection fraction and wall motion. Different echocardiography techniques including 2D, M-Mode, and Doppler are described for assessing abnormalities.
Cardiovascular diagnostic procedures
Echocardiography uses ultrasound to visualize the heart's structures and blood flow. It can diagnose and assess conditions like valvular disease, ventricular function, pericardial effusions, and congenital heart defects. Common types include transthoracic, stress, transesophageal, fetal, and 3D echocardiography.
Holter monitors continuously record heart rhythm for 24-48 hours using sensors stuck to the chest. They can diagnose arrhythmias, heart rate problems, and silent myocardial ischemia.
Cardiac enzyme tests measure levels of enzymes released when heart muscle is damaged, indicating heart attacks or other cardiovascular conditions. Common enzymes tested include CK, troponin, and myoglobin.
Human blood pressure basics
Blood pressure is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure is due to work done by the heart by pumping blood through the circulatory system. Used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the pressure in large arteries of the systemic circulation.
Cardiovascular system procedures
The document discusses several cardiovascular system procedures including diagnostic tests, therapeutic procedures, and minor surgeries. Cardiac enzymes testing analyzes blood levels of enzymes to detect heart muscle injury. A Holter monitor continuously records heart electrical activity over hours to days to identify arrhythmias. Ligation and stripping is a minor surgery that ties off and removes damaged veins to improve blood drainage and reduce vein pressure.
Cardiovascular procedures
This document summarizes four cardiovascular procedures:
1) Holter monitoring involves wearing portable ECG electrodes for 1-2 days to monitor heart activity and compare to a patient's daily log of symptoms.
2) Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create images of the heart and valves to assess function and detect issues.
3) Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to detect blood flow speed and identify clogged arteries or reduced flow.
4) Thrombolytic therapy involves injecting clot-busting drugs into veins to dissolve blood clots, with better outcomes if administered within 12 hours of a heart attack.
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Similar to Medical Procedures #3
Cardvascular Pp
Thrombolytic therapy uses drugs to break up dangerous blood clots and is used to treat ischemic strokes and clots in the lungs, legs, heart or other arteries. Complications are common and include bleeding and low blood pressure so the treatment requires close monitoring. Stress testing evaluates how the heart handles exercise to determine stability and appropriate exercise levels. The test involves monitoring the heart while walking on a treadmill at increasing speeds. Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow through major arteries and veins, revealing clots. It involves passing an instrument over the skin above a vessel to detect changes in sound wave pitch from blood cell movement. Different Doppler types provide blood flow information or vessel images.
The cardiovascular system – 3 procedures
This document summarizes three common cardiovascular procedures: cardiac perfusion scans use radioactive tracers and imaging to evaluate blood flow and detect damage from heart attacks; cardiac enzyme tests analyze blood levels of enzymes like CK-MB to screen for and confirm heart muscle damage; and ligation and stripping surgery removes damaged varicose veins by tying them off and extracting them to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the pulmonary arteries of the lungs, usually caused by blood clots traveling from deep leg veins. Left untreated, it can be life-threatening by preventing blood flow to the lungs. Risk factors include recent surgery, cancer, prolonged inactivity, and genetic blood clotting disorders. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, chest pain, and anxiety. Diagnosis involves tests like CT scans, MRI, blood tests, and angiography. Treatment focuses on blood thinners to prevent further clotting and in some cases clot removal procedures. Prevention emphasizes early mobility, compression stockings, and blood thinners especially after surgery or periods of inactivity.
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the pulmonary arteries of the lungs, usually caused by blood clots traveling from the legs. It can damage lung tissue and decrease oxygen levels. Risk factors include injuries, prolonged sitting or bed rest, recent surgery or trauma, cancer, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and inherited clotting disorders. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like CT scans, and sometimes angiograms. Treatment focuses on blood thinners to prevent further clotting and clot dissolvers in severe cases.
Peripheral Vascular Arterial Disease.ppt
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a circulatory condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, typically causing leg pain with walking. Exercise and lifestyle changes can help manage PAD symptoms and prevent progression. A study found that arm ergometry exercise alone significantly improved walking ability and time to onset of pain in PAD patients over 12 weeks compared to baseline. Specific yoga poses and breathing techniques may also help PAD symptoms.
Cardiovascular procedures
Exercise stress testing involves walking on a treadmill or biking while monitoring the heart to determine how it responds to exertion. It is used to evaluate heart health, check for abnormal heart rhythms, determine the need for further testing, and help develop a safe exercise program. Cardiac catheterization threads a thin tube into the heart to perform diagnostic tests and treatments. It is used to check blood flow and pressure in the heart chambers and arteries to diagnose conditions like coronary artery disease. Angiography uses an injected dye to make arteries visible on x-rays, allowing detection of blood vessel problems and evaluation of blood flow.
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition caused by fluid accumulating in the pericardium and compressing the heart. This prevents the heart from filling properly and reduces blood flow. Symptoms include low blood pressure, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds. Diagnosis is made through echocardiogram and treatment requires removing fluid through pericardiocentesis or pericardiectomy to relieve pressure on the heart. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for signs of shock, maintaining cardiac output and breathing, and educating the patient.
Chapter 5 presentation
Cardiac CT scan and echocardiography are non-invasive tests used to examine the heart. Cardiac CT scan uses x-rays to produce detailed images of the heart and can detect problems like calcium buildup, heart valve issues, or blood clots. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create moving images of the heart and is useful for assessing heart valve function and detecting issues like coronary artery disease. Both tests provide information about heart size, shape, and pumping ability without radiation exposure for echocardiography.
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot gets lodged in an artery in the lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung.
Blood clots most often start in the legs and travel up through the right side of the heart and into the lungs. This is called DVT.
However, PE sometimes can occur without any evidence of DVT.
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed due to plaque buildup within the arteries over many years. This reduces blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart muscle. CAD has certain unmodifiable risk factors like age, gender and family history, but also modifiable ones like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity and smoking. Diagnostic tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, echocardiograms and heart scans can detect CAD. Cardiac catheterization involves threading a catheter into the heart to take pictures of the coronary arteries and measure pressure. Angioplasty and stenting can then be used to open blocked arteries and improve blood
Presentation 5 cardiovascular system
This document discusses three cardiovascular procedures: stress tests, echocardiography, and thrombolytic therapy. Stress tests evaluate a patient's heart under physical or chemical stress to detect abnormalities. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to image the heart and detect defects. Thrombolytic therapy treats heart attacks and strokes by using clot-busting drugs to break up blood clots.
Presentation#5Cardiovascular.system
The cardiovascular system circulates blood throughout the body using the heart and blood vessels. It has two circuits: pulmonary circulation between the heart and lungs, and systemic circulation carrying oxygenated blood to tissues. The heart has four chambers that pump blood into the arteries, which branch into capillaries and veins to return blood to the heart. Common procedures for heart issues include thrombolytic therapy using drugs to dissolve blood clots, cardiac CT scans using x-rays to image the heart, and stress tests examining heart function during exercise.
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clotting disorder. causes of this is age above 60 yrs. cancer , obesity, prolonged standing etc. diagnostic evaluation of this doppler study, CT, MRI, etc. medical management of this blood thinner, like aspirin, stockings etc
Cardiovascular system
The document discusses three cardiac diagnostic tests:
1. Cardiac enzymes tests measure levels of heart muscle enzymes in the blood to detect heart attacks or injury to the heart.
2. Doppler ultrasonography uses sound waves to produce images and measure blood flow velocities to diagnose heart valve problems, arterial narrowing, blood clots, and more.
3. Cardiac scans, also known as heart scans or coronary calcium scans, use pictures of the heart arteries to look for calcium deposits that increase heart attack risk. The coronary calcium score from this test can indicate heart disease risk.
Deep vein thrombosis
thrombosis in a vein lying deep below the skin, especially in the legs, often precipitated by immobility during illness or long-distance travel.
A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
This condition is serious because blood clots can loosen and lodge in the lungs.
Leg pain or swelling may occur, but there may be no symptoms.
Treatments include medication and use of compression stockings.
peripheral vascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease refers to narrowing of blood vessels outside the heart and brain, often affecting legs. It has many causes including atherosclerosis, aneurysms, arterial injuries or clots. Diagnosis involves tests like ankle-brachial indexes, duplex ultrasound, CT or MR angiography. Treatment depends on symptoms and location but may include risk factor modification, medications, angioplasty, stenting or surgery.
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardium and compresses the heart, restricting blood flow. It has an incidence of about 2 in 10,000 people. Causes include aortic aneurysm, cancer, heart attack, infection, and other conditions. Symptoms include low blood pressure, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds (Beck's triad). Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, x-rays, and other imaging tests. Treatment focuses on draining fluid via pericardiocentesis and supporting blood pressure/heart function. Nursing care monitors symptoms, vital signs, and educates the patient.
Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can develop over time as the heart's pumping action weakens due to conditions like coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes damaging the heart. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing symptoms, and preventing worsening through lifestyle changes, medications, medical procedures if needed, and ongoing monitoring.
ocr F222 AS biology unit 4
This document discusses non-infectious diseases, specifically coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. It describes how atherosclerosis develops as fatty deposits build up in artery walls, restricting blood flow. This can lead to heart attacks, angina, or cardiac arrest if arteries become fully blocked. The document outlines treatments for coronary heart disease like angioplasty, bypass surgery, medications, and in rare cases, heart transplants. It also examines risk factors for developing heart disease and the global distribution and costs of treating cardiovascular diseases.
Medical procedures
Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to measure blood flow and diagnose conditions like blood clots and heart issues. It is less invasive than tests like arteriography and venography.
The Holter monitor records heart activity through electrodes attached to the chest over hours or days to detect irregular rhythms and diagnose conditions like atrial fibrillation.
Thrombolytic drugs like t-PA and streptokinase are used to treat strokes and heart attacks by dissolving blood clots, but will not be given if the patient has recent bleeding, surgery, pregnancy or other exceptions.
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