This document provides an overview of the first unit of the Medical Electronics course. It discusses electrophysiology and biopotential recording. Some key topics covered include the sources of biomedical signals, bioelectric potentials, bioelectric electrodes, biological amplifiers, electrocardiograms (ECGs), electroencephalograms (EEGs), electromyography (EMG), phonocardiograms (PCGs), and typical signal waveforms and characteristics. It also discusses neurons, cell types, resting potentials, action potentials, and how bioelectric potentials are produced as a result of electrochemical activity in cells.
Electrocardiograph is a biomedical device that measures electrical potential generated by
electrical activity that occurs due to the heart’s pumping action. The graphical presentation of the
Electrocardiogram (ECG) can be interpreted so that normal and abnormal rhythms of the heart can be detected
and diagnosed. Design, construction and manufacturing of this device in Africa would improve access to health
care, create employment and improve the African economy. The major materials considered for the
implementation include the instrumentation amplifier AD624, Low Noise JFET Operational Amplifier TL074, a
clinical standard 12-lead ECG electrode, various electrical and electronic components such as resistors,
capacitors and diodes for protection and an oscilloscope. The electrodes connected to the body convert the
heart signal into electrical voltage. These voltages obtained from the body are too small for the oscilloscope to
capture and so are amplified using AD624. Noise from the environment affects the ECG signal. To suppress the
noise, the signal from the amplifier is filtered. According to the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) specification, the bandwidth required for an ECG filtering is between 0.5Hz – 150Hz. Band-pass filtering
is used. The signal obtained from the band pass filter stage is then passed through a notch filter to further
eliminate 50 Hz noise from the power line. The result is then displayed on an oscilloscope. The
Electrocardiograph was tested on different subjects and the results compare favourably with results obtained
with imported ECG monitor.
MEASUREMENT OF BIO POTENTIAL USING TWO ELECTRODES AND RECORDING PROBLEMSBharathasreejaG
YOU CAN LEARN ABOUT MEASUREMENT USING TWO ELECTRODES & RECORDING PROBLEMS# NEED OF MEDICAL RECORDING # ELECTRODE TO SKIN INTERFACE # NERNST EQUATION # NOISE DURING RECORDING# MOTION ARTIFACT# ELECTRODE TO ELECTROLYTE NOISE # ELECTROLYTE TO SKIN NOISE# THERMAL NOISE# AMPLIFICATION NOISE# CABLE MOVEMENT# OTHER NOISES # CODING FOR GENERATING NOISE
Project Report on ECG Transmitter using Agilent ADS (Advance System Design)Manu Mitra
In 1996, Intellidesign Pty Ltd (then IntelliMed) was approached by a cardiologist to design an ECG Holter monitor. This original device was a two or three lead, single channel ECG device, which could continuously record for a maximum of one hour. Additionally, the device had Polar Chest Strap capabilities for the added functionality as a Heart Rate monitor. The device could operate in four different modes: 1-hour ECG Recording Mode, in which the device would record one continuous hour of near diagnostic quality ECG trace during exercise; Event Recording Mode, in which the device would record up to 60, one minute segments around a recorded event, over a period of up to 24 hours; Heart rate Recording Mode, in which the unit would have the capacity to record up to 24 hours of heart rate information; and ECG Telemetry Mode, in which the unit would transmit, via a Radio Frequency (RF) link, a real-time ECG signal to a receiver unit. The purpose of this project is to design ECG transmitter using the software Agilent ADS.
bio electronic medicine
contents
interduction
definition
how it is work
how diseases are treated by bio electroni device??
example diseases
applications of bioelectronic deviceses
recent inentions
By using bio electronic medicine technologies to record ,stimulate and block neural signals which will change the way we treat disease , injuries and conditions such as rheumatid arthritis
,diabetes , paralysis , bleeding and even cancer.
Bioeletronic medicine is the convergence of molecular medicine , neuroscience, engineering and computing to develop devices to diagnose and treat diseases ,is at the forefront of potential revolution in disease management .
Bioelectronic devices used in the central nervous system ,increasingly applied in clinical trials .
A Novel Approach for Measuring Electrical Impedance Tomography for Local Tiss...CSCJournals
This paper proposes a novel approach for measuring Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) of a living tissue in a human body. EIT is a non-invasive technique to measure two or three-dimensional impedance for medical diagnosis involving several diseases. To measure the impedance value electrodes are connected to the skin of the patient and an image of the conductivity or permittivity of living tissue is deduced from surface electrodes. The determination of local impedance parameters can be carried out using an equivalent circuit model. However, the estimation of inner tissue impedance distribution using impedance measurements on a global tissue from various directions is an inverse problem. Hence it is necessary to solve the inverse problem of calculating mathematical values for current and potential from conducting surfaces. This paper proposes a novel algorithm that can be successfully used for estimating parameters. The proposed novel hybrid model is a combination of an artificial intelligence based gradient free optimization technique and numerical integration. This ameliorates the achievement of spatial resolution of equivalent circuit model to the closest accuracy. We address the issue of initial parameter estimation and spatial resolution accuracy of an electrode structure by using an arrangement called “divided electrode” for measurement of bio-impedance in a cross section of a local tissue.
Bioelectric potentials are actually ionic voltages produced as a result of the electrochemical activity of certain special types of cells.
Through the use of transducers which are capable of converting ionic potentials into electrical voltages, these natural signals that are monitored can be measured and the results can be displayed in a meaningful way to aid the physician in his diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.
Electrocardiograph is a biomedical device that measures electrical potential generated by
electrical activity that occurs due to the heart’s pumping action. The graphical presentation of the
Electrocardiogram (ECG) can be interpreted so that normal and abnormal rhythms of the heart can be detected
and diagnosed. Design, construction and manufacturing of this device in Africa would improve access to health
care, create employment and improve the African economy. The major materials considered for the
implementation include the instrumentation amplifier AD624, Low Noise JFET Operational Amplifier TL074, a
clinical standard 12-lead ECG electrode, various electrical and electronic components such as resistors,
capacitors and diodes for protection and an oscilloscope. The electrodes connected to the body convert the
heart signal into electrical voltage. These voltages obtained from the body are too small for the oscilloscope to
capture and so are amplified using AD624. Noise from the environment affects the ECG signal. To suppress the
noise, the signal from the amplifier is filtered. According to the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) specification, the bandwidth required for an ECG filtering is between 0.5Hz – 150Hz. Band-pass filtering
is used. The signal obtained from the band pass filter stage is then passed through a notch filter to further
eliminate 50 Hz noise from the power line. The result is then displayed on an oscilloscope. The
Electrocardiograph was tested on different subjects and the results compare favourably with results obtained
with imported ECG monitor.
MEASUREMENT OF BIO POTENTIAL USING TWO ELECTRODES AND RECORDING PROBLEMSBharathasreejaG
YOU CAN LEARN ABOUT MEASUREMENT USING TWO ELECTRODES & RECORDING PROBLEMS# NEED OF MEDICAL RECORDING # ELECTRODE TO SKIN INTERFACE # NERNST EQUATION # NOISE DURING RECORDING# MOTION ARTIFACT# ELECTRODE TO ELECTROLYTE NOISE # ELECTROLYTE TO SKIN NOISE# THERMAL NOISE# AMPLIFICATION NOISE# CABLE MOVEMENT# OTHER NOISES # CODING FOR GENERATING NOISE
Project Report on ECG Transmitter using Agilent ADS (Advance System Design)Manu Mitra
In 1996, Intellidesign Pty Ltd (then IntelliMed) was approached by a cardiologist to design an ECG Holter monitor. This original device was a two or three lead, single channel ECG device, which could continuously record for a maximum of one hour. Additionally, the device had Polar Chest Strap capabilities for the added functionality as a Heart Rate monitor. The device could operate in four different modes: 1-hour ECG Recording Mode, in which the device would record one continuous hour of near diagnostic quality ECG trace during exercise; Event Recording Mode, in which the device would record up to 60, one minute segments around a recorded event, over a period of up to 24 hours; Heart rate Recording Mode, in which the unit would have the capacity to record up to 24 hours of heart rate information; and ECG Telemetry Mode, in which the unit would transmit, via a Radio Frequency (RF) link, a real-time ECG signal to a receiver unit. The purpose of this project is to design ECG transmitter using the software Agilent ADS.
bio electronic medicine
contents
interduction
definition
how it is work
how diseases are treated by bio electroni device??
example diseases
applications of bioelectronic deviceses
recent inentions
By using bio electronic medicine technologies to record ,stimulate and block neural signals which will change the way we treat disease , injuries and conditions such as rheumatid arthritis
,diabetes , paralysis , bleeding and even cancer.
Bioeletronic medicine is the convergence of molecular medicine , neuroscience, engineering and computing to develop devices to diagnose and treat diseases ,is at the forefront of potential revolution in disease management .
Bioelectronic devices used in the central nervous system ,increasingly applied in clinical trials .
A Novel Approach for Measuring Electrical Impedance Tomography for Local Tiss...CSCJournals
This paper proposes a novel approach for measuring Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) of a living tissue in a human body. EIT is a non-invasive technique to measure two or three-dimensional impedance for medical diagnosis involving several diseases. To measure the impedance value electrodes are connected to the skin of the patient and an image of the conductivity or permittivity of living tissue is deduced from surface electrodes. The determination of local impedance parameters can be carried out using an equivalent circuit model. However, the estimation of inner tissue impedance distribution using impedance measurements on a global tissue from various directions is an inverse problem. Hence it is necessary to solve the inverse problem of calculating mathematical values for current and potential from conducting surfaces. This paper proposes a novel algorithm that can be successfully used for estimating parameters. The proposed novel hybrid model is a combination of an artificial intelligence based gradient free optimization technique and numerical integration. This ameliorates the achievement of spatial resolution of equivalent circuit model to the closest accuracy. We address the issue of initial parameter estimation and spatial resolution accuracy of an electrode structure by using an arrangement called “divided electrode” for measurement of bio-impedance in a cross section of a local tissue.
Bioelectric potentials are actually ionic voltages produced as a result of the electrochemical activity of certain special types of cells.
Through the use of transducers which are capable of converting ionic potentials into electrical voltages, these natural signals that are monitored can be measured and the results can be displayed in a meaningful way to aid the physician in his diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.
The full set of slides for the 9 electrophysiology lectures presented on paramedicine.com and YouTube.
The full series:
Part 0 - https://youtu.be/gCbHyK6y4Ms
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/IW3J2Y2ty6w
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/5A_lEW1suAM
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/KV3AaXWrNeY
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/M39wMZFd22o
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/qqnL0Fy3e2g
Part 6 - https://youtu.be/UBINkoW6JzM
Part 7 - https://youtu.be/JmAaibgOrLw
Part 8 - https://youtu.be/oY0XVEkfKr4
The Action and resting potential of the body are discussed. The working of body cell, tissue and how the electrical activity of body cell done? are discussed.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
3. UNIT I- ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY AND BIO-POTENTIAL RECORDING
• Sources of bio medical signals
• Bio-potentials
• Bio potential electrodes
• Biological amplifiers
• ECG-Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
• EEG- Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• EMG-Electromyography
• PCG-Phonocardiogram
• Typical waveforms and signal characteristics
5. Electro Physiology
• Electrophysiology is the branch
of neuroscience that explores the electrical
activity of living neurons and investigates the
molecular and cellular processes that govern
their signaling.
• Neurons communicate using electrical and
chemical signals.
8. Certain types of cells within the body, such as nerve and muscle cells, are encased in a semi
permeable membrane that permits some substances to pass through the membrane while
others are kept out.
• Surrounding the cells of the body are the body fluids.
• These fluids are conductive solutions containing charged atoms known as ions.
• The principal ions are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (C-).
• The membrane of excitable cells readily permits entry of potassium and chloride ions but
effectively blocks the entry of sodium ions.
• So inside the cell is more negative than outside the cell.
• This membrane potentials is called Resting potential.
• This potential is measured from inside the cell with respect to the body fluids.
• So resting potential of a cell is negative.
14. Bioelectric potentials are actually ionic voltages produced
as a result of the electrochemical activity of certain special
types of cells.
1. Resting Potential
2. Action Potential
Through the use of transducers, capable of converting
ionic potentials into electrical voltages, these natural
monitoring signals can be measured and results displayed
in a meaningful way to aid the physician in his diagnosis
and treatment of various diseases.
