This document discusses decision support systems (DSS) and their medical applications. It defines DSS as systems that serve middle managers and support non-routine decision making. The document then discusses how computers can aid medical decision making by simplifying access to data, providing reminders and prompts, assisting with diagnosis and order entry, and giving patient-specific recommendations. It provides examples of successful DSS like one for antimicrobial use in ICU that reduced costs and improved outcomes. Finally, it outlines requirements for implementing DSS, including infrastructure, guidelines incorporation, and resources.

1. Decision Support System (DSS)
(Medical Applications)
Dr. Khaled Elkharashy

2. • Transaction processing systems (TPS)
• Keep track of basic activities and transactions of organization
• Systems for business intelligence
• Address decision-making needs of all levels of management
• Management information systems (MIS)
• Decision support systems (DSS)
• Executive support systems (ESS)
Systems for Management Decision Making and
Business Intelligence
Types of Business Information Systems

3. • Transaction processing systems:
• Serve operational managers
• Principal purpose is to answer routine questions and
to track the flow of transactions through the
organization
• E.g., inventory questions, granting credit to customer
Types of Business Information Systems

4. • Management information systems:
• Provide middle managers with reports on firm’s
performance
• To monitor firm and help predict future
performance
• Summarize and report on basic operations using
data from TPS
Types of Business Information Systems

5. • Decision support systems (DSS):
• Serve middle managers
• Support no routine decision making
• E.g., What is impact on production schedule if
December sales doubled?
• Use external information as well from TPS and MIS
• Model driven DSS
• Voyage-estimating systems
Decision support systemsDecision support systems
(DSS)(DSS)

6. Medical applications of DSS
- How Can Computers Aid Decision Making?
- Characteristics of Successful Computer Decision Support
Systems.
- Examples of Successful Computer Decision Support Systems .
- Requirements for Implementing Computer Decision Support
Systems.

7. Simplify Access to Data Needed To Make Decisions
Laboratory results
Radiology reports
How Can Computers Aid Decision Making?
Provide Reminders and Prompts

8. Assist in Diagnosis
to check orders directly entered by a clinician in real time
drug sensitivity, drug-allergy, drug-drug interaction
drug-laboratory interactions
potential duplication of services.
Assist in Order Entry
consider historical and physical examination findings, laboratory
and test results, and create a list of diagnoses to explain those
findings.
How Can Computers Aid Decision Making?

9. Review New Clinical Data; Alert When Important Patterns
Are Recognized
hospital admission, discharge
a new or changed laboratory result
mismatch between newly available sensitivity results and antimicrobials
being given to the patient
How Can Computers Aid Decision Making?

10. They Give Patient-Specific Recommendations
When a computing system provides advice based on
a guideline, it is most useful if the recommendation is
based on that patient’s data.
Characteristics of Successful Computer
Decision Support Systems
systems should be designed to fit into this workflow as
smoothly as possible
Most clinicians note that they have less
time available than in the past, because
of increased patient volumes, greater
demands for documentation, and the
complexity of modern practice.
Saving time

11. Antimicrobial Use in the ICU
The LDS Hospital in US
This application considers patient allergies, local patterns of
antimicrobial resistance, hepatic and renal function, the results
of cultures, and other factors when recommending therapy. The
authors also noted that manually gathering data needed to
prescribe antimicrobials would take up to 25 min.
Examples of Successful Computer Decision
Support Systems

12. Examples of Successful Computer
Decision Support Systems

13. - Patient received fewer doses of antimicrobials,
- fewer days of excessive drug dosage,
- fewer prescriptions for drugs to which the patient was
allergic,
- shorter length of hospital stay, and lower hospital costs,
compared to patients treated without this program.
Characteristics of Successful Computer
Decision Support Systems

14. - It requires financial and human resources to introduce computing
systems into hospitals and clinics. Even when there is
organizational commitment to implement computing systems, it
may take months or more for physicians and other staff to feel
the change was worth it.
Next, there must be a computing infrastructure in place: databases
containing patient data, workstations near or at the point of care,
and reliable networks to connect them.
Requirements for Implementing Computer
Decision Support Systems

15. - Printed reports can be used for many purposes, and to reduce the
need for workstations in examination rooms, but order-entry
applications with immediate feedback depend on the direct use
of mobile or desktop workstations by clinicians
- There must be guidelines incorporated into the clinical
computing system
Requirements for Implementing Computer
Decision Support Systems

16. • Executive support systems (ESS):
• Serve senior managers
• Address strategic issues and long-term trends
• E.g., What products should we make in five years?
• Address nonroutine decision making
• Provide generalized computing capacity that can be
applied to changing array of problems
• Draw summarized information from MIS, DSS, and
data from external events
• Typically use portal with Web interface, or digital
dashboard, to present content

17. Thank You !!
khaled elkharashY