The document defines technology as devices that transmit and transform force and motion. It then discusses various types of simple machines including levers, pulleys, gears, and wheels that are used to transmit or transform motion. These simple machines have various applications and include examples like cranes, bicycles, and engines. The document also covers mechanical components like joints, brakes, springs, and bearings that are used in machines.

1. EDUARDO HERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ
TECHNOLOGY

2. DEFINITION
• Devices that transmit and transform force and
motion from a driving force (input) to an
output.

3. TRANSMITTING MOTION
• LINEAR
– LEVER: is a rigid bar that is supported by a fulcrum.
• CLASS 1
• CLASS 2
• CLASS 3
ELEMENTS (FORCE, FULCRUM AND RESISTANCE)

4. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PW7ztbwJKBk

5. – PULLEY
• FIXED PULLEY: IS A WHEEL THAT HAS A GROOVE
AROUND IT INTO WHICH A ROPE, CHAIN OR BELT FITS.
• MOVABLE PULLEY: IS A SET OF TWO PULLEYS ,
ONE IS FIXED WHILE THE OTHER CAN MOVE IN A LINEAR
DIRECTION.
• COMPOUND PULLEY: IS A SYSTEM OF FIXED
AND MOVABLE PULLEYS, OFTEN CALLED A BLOCK AND
TACKLE.

6. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9T7tGosXM58&feature=endscreen

7. • CIRCULAR
– FRICTION DRIVES: ARE MADE UP OF TWO
OR MORE WHEELS THAT ARE IN CONTACT. THE FIRST
WHEEL IS THE PRIMARY DRIVE WHEEL AND THE
SECOND IS THE OUTPUT WHEEL.
– PULLEYS WITH BELTS: CONSIST OF TWO
PULLEYS OR WHEELS THAT ARE A CERTAIN DISTANCE
APART.
– GEAR MECHANISMS AND
COGWHEELS: ARE SETS OF WHEELS THAT
HAVE TEETH CALLED COGS.

8. – WORM GEAR: THIS IS A SCREW THAT MOVES A
HELICAL COGWHEEL THAT IS SET PERPENDICULAR TO
THE SCREW.
– GEAR MECHANISMS WITH A CHAIN:
THESE ARE TWO COGWHEELS WITH PARALLEL AXLES
THAT ARE A CERTAIN DISTANCE APART.
– GEAR TRAIN: THIS IS A SYSTEM OF MORE THAN
TWO GEARS, CONNECTED TOGETHER AS SHOWN IN THE
DIAGRAM.
– PULLEY TRAINS WITH BELTS: THIS IS A
SYSTEM OF PULLEYS, OR WHEELS, WITH A BELT FORMED
BY MORE THAN TWO WHEELS.

10. TRANSFORMING MOTION
• FROM ROTARY TO LINEAR
– RACK AND PINION SYSTEM: THIS
IS A PINION THAT IS A SMALL COGWHEEL,
MOUNTED ON A RACK THAT IS A TOOTHED BELT
OR BAR.
– NUT AND BOLT SYSTEM: THIS
CONSIST OF A BOLT OR THREADED BAR AND A
NUT THAT HAS THE SAME INTERIOR DIAMETER
AS THE DIAMETER OF THE BOLT.
– WINCH AND CRANK HANDLE:
THIS IS A DRUM THAT ROTATES AND A CRANK
HANDLE THAT ALLOWS US TO LIFT OBJECTS.

12. • FROM ROTARY INTO RECIPROCATING MOTION
– CRANK-LINK-SLIDER: THIS IS A COMPOSED OF A CRANK AND A ROD
CALLED A CONNECTING ROD OR LINK.
– CRANK SHAFT: THIS IS A SET OF CONNECTING RODS ATTACHED TO A
JOINTED AXLE. EACH OF THE JOINTS OF THE AXLE ACTS AS A CRANK.

13. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rG5ipR9S07U
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESRsd1TeOSg&feature=related

14. – CAM: THIS IS A BASICALLY A ROTATING OBJECT THAT PUSHES A FOLLOWER
AS IT MOVES.
– ECCENTRIC CAM: THIS CONSIST OF A WHEEL WITH AN OFF-CENTRE
ROTATION AXLE THAT DOESN´T COINCIDE WITH THE CENTRE OF ITS
CIRCUMFERENCE.

15. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONIaIdOV3R8
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1sgaqwDpL4&feature=endscreen

16. CONTROLLING AND DIRECTING MOTION
• RATCHET: IT ALLOWS ROTATION IN ONE DIRECTION BUT IMPEDES IT IN
THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION.

17. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJ6t42ADGfM&feature=related

18. • BRAKE: IT ALLOWS TO REDUCE
VELOCITY.
– DISC: CONSIST OF PADS AND A DISC
ATTACHED TO THE OBJECT THAT WE
WANT TO SLOW DOWN.
– BAND: CONSIST OF A METAL BAND
THAT PUTS PRESSURE ON A DRUM
ATTACHED TO THE AXLE OF THE
OBJECT WE WANT TO SLOW DOWN.
– DRUM: INCLUDE ONE OR TWO
BRAKE SHOES THAT COME INTO
CONTACT WITH THE DRUM.

19. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ol-wDa6kAgQ
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4HqLoDjVRA
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9XYJrTwhcM
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yU5CuxR2nDc

20. STORING ENERGY
• SPRING: ARE DEVICES THAT ABSORB ENERGY THAT CAN BE RELEASED LATER,
LITTLE BY LITTLE OR ALL AT ONCE. SPRINGS WORK IN DIFFERENTS WAYS.
– COMPRESSION
– TRACTION
– TORSION

22. • SHOCK ABSORBER: ARE MADE OF STEEL SPIRAL SPRINGS.
• SUSPENSION SYSTEM: USE VERY FLEXIBLE METAL STRIPS, JOINED
AT THE CENTRE.

23. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdXld_gQo-Y&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKlzdBU2u2E&feature=fvsr
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_XAPNePnJY&feature=related

24. JOINING
• CLUTCH: ARE MECHANISM THAT ALLOW AXLES OR SHAFTS TO BE CONNECTED
OR SEPARATED.
– FRICTION
– WITH TEETH

25. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BaECAbapRg
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XunM7yUC06M&feature=related

26. JOINING
– FIXED: ARE USED TO MAKE PERMANENT CONNECTIONS BETWEEN AXLES
AND SHAFTS.
– MOVABLE: ARE USED TO CONNECT SHAFTS THAT CAN MOVE ALONG
THE AXLE OR AT AN ANGLE TO EACH OTHER.

27. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9a83nakHOg
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oUFbv927nU

28. SUPPORT
• BUSHING: THE AXLE OR THE
SHAFT IS INSERTED IN A PLAIN
CIRCULAR PIECE THAT IS PLACED
INSIDE A HOUSING TO PROVIDE A
BEARING SURFACE (AREA OF CONTACT
BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS.
• BEARINGS: ARE MADE UP OF
TWO CONCENTRIC RINGS WITH BALLS
OR ROLLERS BETWEEN THEM.

29. APPLICATIONS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RihQOUNsN9c

30. CURIOSITIES
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdomzDVsNCM&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gjyVqwrf3E&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odr5bcVCMbc&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvvxAgn1cx8&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgbUV7xv_sk
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIGa52qPVvA&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRlK2-
JzyiA&feature=iv&annotation_id=annotation_538864
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEHiAItVdiw&feature=fvwp
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFKovH8I-9w
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEg6z9391R4&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjF00xkmT9g
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5VgReD3ejU&feature=related