Mechanical properties of materials by ombaran singh
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mechanical properties of materials/metal like stress,strain,fatigue,creep,ductility,malleabilty,elasticity,plasticity with fugures.
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Mechanical properties
This document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including elastic deformation, engineering strain, tensile strength, toughness, yielding, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, ductility, malleability, hardness, and fatigue. It provides definitions and explanations of these key material properties and how they relate to a material's behavior under stress or loads over time.
Mechanical properties of Material
This is a Presentation about Mechanical Properties of Material. Specially Designed for Agriculture and Mechanical Engineering.
Mechanical Properties of materials
This document provides an introduction and overview of materials properties and applications. It discusses how physical properties help determine suitable manufacturing processes and optimize conditions. Various material groups are then outlined, including metals, plastics, ceramics and composites. Key mechanical properties like strength, ductility and hardness are defined. Tests for properties like impact resistance and shear strength are also introduced. Finally, common material applications are matched to exemplify different materials' key properties.
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Mechanical properties refer to how materials behave under forces or pressures. This document discusses key mechanical properties including brittleness, hardness, strength, stiffness, ductility, malleability, elasticity, plasticity, creep, and weldability. It describes how these properties are defined, measured, and their significance for material selection and design. Measurement techniques covered include indentation hardness tests like Rockwell and Brinell, and tension tests. The document also examines stress-strain diagrams and how they vary for different materials and temperatures.
material properties
This document discusses various material properties including mechanical properties. It lists 11 categories of material properties and provides definitions and explanations for several important mechanical properties. These include fatigue strength, endurance limit, tensile strength, compressive strength, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, stiffness, resilience, hardness, and creep. The document serves to define and explain key terms related to the mechanical properties of materials.
Properties of materials / Mechanical Properties of materials
The document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including strength, elasticity, stiffness, plasticity, ductility, malleability, brittleness, toughness, hardness, impact strength, resilience, fatigue, and creep. It explains these properties and how they are evaluated using stress-strain diagrams and testing machines. The properties are important for engineers to understand how materials will behave under different loading conditions for machine and structural design.
Hardness testing
The document discusses different hardness testing methods including Brinell hardness testing and Rockwell hardness testing. Brinell hardness testing involves pressing an indenter ball into the surface of a metal under a load and measuring the diameter of the indentation. Rockwell hardness testing measures the additional depth of a heavy load indenter beyond the depth of a previously applied light load. Both tests provide standardized hardness values and have advantages such as being simple and quick to perform.
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Mechanical properties
This document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including elastic deformation, engineering strain, tensile strength, toughness, yielding, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, ductility, malleability, hardness, and fatigue. It provides definitions and explanations of these key material properties and how they relate to a material's behavior under stress or loads over time.
Mechanical properties of Material
This is a Presentation about Mechanical Properties of Material. Specially Designed for Agriculture and Mechanical Engineering.
Mechanical Properties of materials
This document provides an introduction and overview of materials properties and applications. It discusses how physical properties help determine suitable manufacturing processes and optimize conditions. Various material groups are then outlined, including metals, plastics, ceramics and composites. Key mechanical properties like strength, ductility and hardness are defined. Tests for properties like impact resistance and shear strength are also introduced. Finally, common material applications are matched to exemplify different materials' key properties.
Mech props
Mechanical properties refer to how materials behave under forces or pressures. This document discusses key mechanical properties including brittleness, hardness, strength, stiffness, ductility, malleability, elasticity, plasticity, creep, and weldability. It describes how these properties are defined, measured, and their significance for material selection and design. Measurement techniques covered include indentation hardness tests like Rockwell and Brinell, and tension tests. The document also examines stress-strain diagrams and how they vary for different materials and temperatures.
material properties
This document discusses various material properties including mechanical properties. It lists 11 categories of material properties and provides definitions and explanations for several important mechanical properties. These include fatigue strength, endurance limit, tensile strength, compressive strength, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, stiffness, resilience, hardness, and creep. The document serves to define and explain key terms related to the mechanical properties of materials.
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The document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including strength, elasticity, stiffness, plasticity, ductility, malleability, brittleness, toughness, hardness, impact strength, resilience, fatigue, and creep. It explains these properties and how they are evaluated using stress-strain diagrams and testing machines. The properties are important for engineers to understand how materials will behave under different loading conditions for machine and structural design.
Hardness testing
The document discusses different hardness testing methods including Brinell hardness testing and Rockwell hardness testing. Brinell hardness testing involves pressing an indenter ball into the surface of a metal under a load and measuring the diameter of the indentation. Rockwell hardness testing measures the additional depth of a heavy load indenter beyond the depth of a previously applied light load. Both tests provide standardized hardness values and have advantages such as being simple and quick to perform.
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The document discusses engineering materials and their properties. It defines engineering materials as substances useful in engineering fields. Material selection considers properties like mechanical, physical and chemical properties, as well as cost, availability, durability and appearance. Mechanical properties discussed include strength, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, malleability, toughness and hardness. Common types of strength are tensile, compressive and shear strengths.
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This document discusses various mechanical properties of engineering materials including hardness, creep, elasticity, hardening, and plasticity. It defines each property and describes methods for measuring hardness, factors that influence creep, the hardening process, and how plastic deformation occurs at the atomic level resulting in a permanent change in shape even after removal of stress. Measurement techniques for hardness include Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, Knoop, and shore hardness tests. Creep is influenced by load, temperature, composition, grain size, and heat treatment. Hardening increases hardness through metallurgical processes.
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This document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including stress, strain, elasticity, strength, ductility, and creep. It defines key terms like stress as force over area, strain as the deformation of length, and explains concepts such as Hooke's law, yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and provides a table comparing typical mechanical properties for different materials.
Properties of material
This document discusses the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of materials. It describes key physical properties like density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. It also outlines important mechanical properties such as tensile strength, ductility, malleability, brittleness, elasticity, plasticity, toughness, and hardness. Finally, it briefly touches on relevant chemical properties including corrosion resistance and erosion resistance.
Engineering materials
Major classifications of engineering materials include metals, polymers, ceramics and composites. Metals are further divided into ferrous and nonferrous materials. Classification systems identify materials based on chemical composition and mechanical properties. Design considerations for materials depend on factors like strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, manufacturability and cost. Material selection involves matching properties to product requirements under expected loading and service conditions.
4 Machine design material selection
The document discusses factors to consider when selecting materials for machine design elements. It outlines availability, cost, mechanical properties, and manufacturing considerations as key factors. It then provides examples of commonly used engineering materials like cast iron, steel alloys, plastics, and aluminum alloys, describing their typical properties and applications. Specific materials are suggested for examples like a shaft, spring, nut, and coupling based on stresses and needed properties.
Hardness Testing
The document discusses different hardness testing methods. It describes Brinell hardness testing which uses a 10mm steel ball indenter under a load of 3000kg to test hardness. Vickers hardness testing uses a diamond pyramid indenter under loads ranging from 1-120kg. Rockwell hardness testing utilizes indentation depth under constant load to measure hardness using diamond cone or steel ball indenters under major loads of 60, 100, or 150kg. Microhardness testing uses Knoop indenters and low loads down to 25g to test small areas. Hardness is a measure of resistance to plastic deformation from indentation or abrasion.
Deformation of metals
The document discusses deformation of metals. There are two types of deformation - elastic and plastic. Elastic deformation is reversible and occurs at low stresses, while plastic deformation is permanent and occurs at higher stresses after the yield point. Plastic deformation occurs through slip and twinning. Slip involves shear displacement of crystal planes, while twinning results in a mirrored portion of the crystal. Single crystal metals have strengths approaching theoretical values, while polycrystalline metals are weaker due to dislocations and grain boundaries, but can deform plastically through dislocation movement.
Engineering Materials
Engineering Material, Material Classification, characteristics of materials like metal, ceramics, organic, composites and semiconductors, Engineering requirements of materials, Properties of Engineering materials, factors affecting mechanical properties, Factors affecting the selection of materials for engineering purposes, Destructive and non-destructive testing, Tensile test, stress-strain diagram, spark test, macro etching, chemical analysis, Izod Impact testing, Charpy Impact testing, Fracture, Ductile Fracture, Brittle fracture, Ductile to brittle transition, creep failure, fatigue failure, radiography testing, dye penetration testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing,
Material testing
This document discusses various methods for testing materials, including destructive and non-destructive testing. It provides details on hardness testing methods like Rockwell and Brinell, as well as impact testing methods like Izod and Charpy. Specifically, it compares the Izod and Charpy impact testing methods, noting that Izod places the test material vertically and has a single notch type, while Charpy places the material horizontally and uses either a V-notch or U-notch. The document also briefly outlines tensile testing.
Mechanical Properties of Metals
The document discusses various mechanical properties of metals including stiffness, strength, ductility, toughness, hardness, stress and strain. It defines key terms like elastic modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength, elongation, area reduction, fracture strain. It explains concepts such as engineering stress-strain curves, Hooke's law, elastic deformation, plastic deformation, Poisson's ratio, ductile vs brittle materials, and how properties relate to microstructure. Typical testing methods and how to calculate properties from raw data are also summarized.
ENGINEERING MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
The document discusses the development of engineering materials over time. Early materials like stone, bronze, and iron occurred naturally and were dominant during different eras. The development of thermochemistry and polymer chemistry later enabled man-made materials. Engineering materials are broadly classified as metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and natural materials. Each class has distinct properties that make them suitable for different applications. The document also discusses the materials cycle from extraction to manufacturing to use and disposal or recycling.
Materials science and Engineering-Introduction
Materials science and engineering involves investigating the relationships between the structures and properties of materials. Materials scientists develop new materials while materials engineers design materials to have specific properties. Virtually every aspect of modern life is influenced by materials in some way. The document discusses the four main material classes - metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites - and provides examples of common materials in each class as well as their typical properties. It also covers advanced materials areas like semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, and nanomaterials that are being developed to address modern needs.
1- INTRODUCTION TO MATERIAL SCIENCE/ ENGINEERING
This document provides an introduction to materials engineering. It defines what materials are and lists common material categories like metals, plastics, ceramics and fibers. The document then discusses the historical development of materials from the Stone Age to the Plastic Age. It proceeds to define key material properties such as strength, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, machinability, resilience, creep and fatigue. Specific material properties are then described in more detail.
Material Selection
The document discusses the materials selection process for choosing an optimal material for a given component. It outlines the general steps as: 1) analyzing performance requirements, 2) developing alternative solutions, 3) evaluating solutions, and 4) deciding on the best solution. Key aspects of the process include identifying material properties needed to meet functional, manufacturing, reliability, and service condition requirements. Multiple potential materials and manufacturing processes are considered to find the best combination that will allow the component to fulfill its intended purpose. Evaluation and selection methods like weighted properties, material indices, and case studies are presented.
Mechanical properties of materials
The document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including stress and strain, strength, elasticity, plasticity, stiffness, ductility, malleability, resilience, hardness, brittleness, creep, and fatigue. It defines each property and provides examples. Mechanical properties determine a material's behavior under applied forces and loads and are important for predicting how materials will perform and designing components.
Composite materials
Composite materials are made by combining two or more materials with different properties to create a new material with unique characteristics. The document discusses the history, types, manufacturing, and applications of composite materials. It notes that composite materials are increasingly being used in industries like automotive and aerospace due to advantages like higher strength and stiffness compared to traditional materials, while remaining lightweight. New techniques like textile composites aim to lower costs and improve performance of composites.
Composites
Composites consist of a combination of two or more materials, with a matrix and fiber reinforcement. The matrix holds the fibers together and typically transfers stress between fibers. Common matrix materials include polymers and metals. Fibers provide strength and stiffness and can be made of materials like glass, carbon, and Kevlar. Composites offer advantages over traditional materials like high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and anisotropic properties that allow for tailored designs. However, they also have disadvantages like higher costs and more complex manufacturing compared to metals.
mechanical properties
This document discusses mechanical properties that can be determined from tensile and shear tests. It defines key terms like stress, strain, elastic modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength. A typical stress-strain curve is shown and each region is explained. The elastic portion is linear up to the yield point, then the plastic region involves necking and strain hardening until ultimate failure. True stress and strain account for changes in cross-sectional area during deformation. The document also compares properties like ductility and toughness between different materials.
Engineering materials part 1
This presentation is the basic of engineering materials. More presenetation will be added soon. If you like the work, please click on like button and do share. Thanks
26900721058_PE-ME701E.pptx
This document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including stress, strain, elasticity, plasticity, strength, stiffness, ductility, malleability, resilience, hardness, brittleness, creep, and fatigue. It defines each property and provides examples. Mechanical properties determine a material's behavior under applied forces and are important to understand for predicting how materials will perform under different loading conditions and for component design. The stress-strain curve illustrates a material's elastic and plastic behavior.
26900721058_PE-ME701E.pptx
Mechanical properties determine a material's behavior under applied forces. They include properties like elasticity, plasticity, strength, stiffness, ductility, malleability, resilience, hardness, brittleness, creep, and fatigue. A thorough understanding of these properties provides the basis for predicting how materials will perform under different loads and stresses, enabling the proper selection and design of engineering materials.
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This document discusses various mechanical properties of engineering materials including hardness, creep, elasticity, hardening, and plasticity. It defines each property and describes methods for measuring hardness, factors that influence creep, the hardening process, and how plastic deformation occurs at the atomic level resulting in a permanent change in shape even after removal of stress. Measurement techniques for hardness include Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, Knoop, and shore hardness tests. Creep is influenced by load, temperature, composition, grain size, and heat treatment. Hardening increases hardness through metallurgical processes.
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This document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including stress, strain, elasticity, strength, ductility, and creep. It defines key terms like stress as force over area, strain as the deformation of length, and explains concepts such as Hooke's law, yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and provides a table comparing typical mechanical properties for different materials.
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This document discusses the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of materials. It describes key physical properties like density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. It also outlines important mechanical properties such as tensile strength, ductility, malleability, brittleness, elasticity, plasticity, toughness, and hardness. Finally, it briefly touches on relevant chemical properties including corrosion resistance and erosion resistance.
Engineering materials
Major classifications of engineering materials include metals, polymers, ceramics and composites. Metals are further divided into ferrous and nonferrous materials. Classification systems identify materials based on chemical composition and mechanical properties. Design considerations for materials depend on factors like strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, manufacturability and cost. Material selection involves matching properties to product requirements under expected loading and service conditions.
4 Machine design material selection
The document discusses factors to consider when selecting materials for machine design elements. It outlines availability, cost, mechanical properties, and manufacturing considerations as key factors. It then provides examples of commonly used engineering materials like cast iron, steel alloys, plastics, and aluminum alloys, describing their typical properties and applications. Specific materials are suggested for examples like a shaft, spring, nut, and coupling based on stresses and needed properties.
Hardness Testing
The document discusses different hardness testing methods. It describes Brinell hardness testing which uses a 10mm steel ball indenter under a load of 3000kg to test hardness. Vickers hardness testing uses a diamond pyramid indenter under loads ranging from 1-120kg. Rockwell hardness testing utilizes indentation depth under constant load to measure hardness using diamond cone or steel ball indenters under major loads of 60, 100, or 150kg. Microhardness testing uses Knoop indenters and low loads down to 25g to test small areas. Hardness is a measure of resistance to plastic deformation from indentation or abrasion.
Deformation of metals
The document discusses deformation of metals. There are two types of deformation - elastic and plastic. Elastic deformation is reversible and occurs at low stresses, while plastic deformation is permanent and occurs at higher stresses after the yield point. Plastic deformation occurs through slip and twinning. Slip involves shear displacement of crystal planes, while twinning results in a mirrored portion of the crystal. Single crystal metals have strengths approaching theoretical values, while polycrystalline metals are weaker due to dislocations and grain boundaries, but can deform plastically through dislocation movement.
Engineering Materials
Engineering Material, Material Classification, characteristics of materials like metal, ceramics, organic, composites and semiconductors, Engineering requirements of materials, Properties of Engineering materials, factors affecting mechanical properties, Factors affecting the selection of materials for engineering purposes, Destructive and non-destructive testing, Tensile test, stress-strain diagram, spark test, macro etching, chemical analysis, Izod Impact testing, Charpy Impact testing, Fracture, Ductile Fracture, Brittle fracture, Ductile to brittle transition, creep failure, fatigue failure, radiography testing, dye penetration testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing,
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This document discusses various methods for testing materials, including destructive and non-destructive testing. It provides details on hardness testing methods like Rockwell and Brinell, as well as impact testing methods like Izod and Charpy. Specifically, it compares the Izod and Charpy impact testing methods, noting that Izod places the test material vertically and has a single notch type, while Charpy places the material horizontally and uses either a V-notch or U-notch. The document also briefly outlines tensile testing.
Mechanical Properties of Metals
The document discusses various mechanical properties of metals including stiffness, strength, ductility, toughness, hardness, stress and strain. It defines key terms like elastic modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength, elongation, area reduction, fracture strain. It explains concepts such as engineering stress-strain curves, Hooke's law, elastic deformation, plastic deformation, Poisson's ratio, ductile vs brittle materials, and how properties relate to microstructure. Typical testing methods and how to calculate properties from raw data are also summarized.
ENGINEERING MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
The document discusses the development of engineering materials over time. Early materials like stone, bronze, and iron occurred naturally and were dominant during different eras. The development of thermochemistry and polymer chemistry later enabled man-made materials. Engineering materials are broadly classified as metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and natural materials. Each class has distinct properties that make them suitable for different applications. The document also discusses the materials cycle from extraction to manufacturing to use and disposal or recycling.
Materials science and Engineering-Introduction
Materials science and engineering involves investigating the relationships between the structures and properties of materials. Materials scientists develop new materials while materials engineers design materials to have specific properties. Virtually every aspect of modern life is influenced by materials in some way. The document discusses the four main material classes - metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites - and provides examples of common materials in each class as well as their typical properties. It also covers advanced materials areas like semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, and nanomaterials that are being developed to address modern needs.
1- INTRODUCTION TO MATERIAL SCIENCE/ ENGINEERING
This document provides an introduction to materials engineering. It defines what materials are and lists common material categories like metals, plastics, ceramics and fibers. The document then discusses the historical development of materials from the Stone Age to the Plastic Age. It proceeds to define key material properties such as strength, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, machinability, resilience, creep and fatigue. Specific material properties are then described in more detail.
Material Selection
The document discusses the materials selection process for choosing an optimal material for a given component. It outlines the general steps as: 1) analyzing performance requirements, 2) developing alternative solutions, 3) evaluating solutions, and 4) deciding on the best solution. Key aspects of the process include identifying material properties needed to meet functional, manufacturing, reliability, and service condition requirements. Multiple potential materials and manufacturing processes are considered to find the best combination that will allow the component to fulfill its intended purpose. Evaluation and selection methods like weighted properties, material indices, and case studies are presented.
Mechanical properties of materials
The document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including stress and strain, strength, elasticity, plasticity, stiffness, ductility, malleability, resilience, hardness, brittleness, creep, and fatigue. It defines each property and provides examples. Mechanical properties determine a material's behavior under applied forces and loads and are important for predicting how materials will perform and designing components.
Composite materials
Composite materials are made by combining two or more materials with different properties to create a new material with unique characteristics. The document discusses the history, types, manufacturing, and applications of composite materials. It notes that composite materials are increasingly being used in industries like automotive and aerospace due to advantages like higher strength and stiffness compared to traditional materials, while remaining lightweight. New techniques like textile composites aim to lower costs and improve performance of composites.
Composites
Composites consist of a combination of two or more materials, with a matrix and fiber reinforcement. The matrix holds the fibers together and typically transfers stress between fibers. Common matrix materials include polymers and metals. Fibers provide strength and stiffness and can be made of materials like glass, carbon, and Kevlar. Composites offer advantages over traditional materials like high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and anisotropic properties that allow for tailored designs. However, they also have disadvantages like higher costs and more complex manufacturing compared to metals.
mechanical properties
This document discusses mechanical properties that can be determined from tensile and shear tests. It defines key terms like stress, strain, elastic modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength. A typical stress-strain curve is shown and each region is explained. The elastic portion is linear up to the yield point, then the plastic region involves necking and strain hardening until ultimate failure. True stress and strain account for changes in cross-sectional area during deformation. The document also compares properties like ductility and toughness between different materials.
Engineering materials part 1
This presentation is the basic of engineering materials. More presenetation will be added soon. If you like the work, please click on like button and do share. Thanks
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The document discusses the mechanical properties of engineering materials, with a focus on fatigue. It defines fatigue as the weakening of a material caused by repeated loading, and describes the fatigue process. Key points include:
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- Fatigue failure occurs through the initiation and propagation of microscopic cracks over numerous load cycles, until a critical crack size causes sudden fracture.
- Common machine components prone to fatigue failure include gears and shafts, which experience fluctuating stresses and loads during operation.
Lecture 03 som 25.02.2021
The document discusses various mechanical properties of engineering materials including:
1. Strength, elasticity, stiffness, flexibility, plasticity, ductility, malleability, toughness, resilience, hardness, brittleness, machinability, creep, and fatigue.
2. It provides definitions for each mechanical property and describes how they influence a material's behavior under stress or deformation.
3. Elastic constants like Young's modulus, bulk modulus, rigidity modulus, and Poisson's ratio are also introduced which represent a material's elastic behavior under stress.
1.Tensile Strength This is the ability of a material to withstand t.pdf
1.Tensile Strength: This is the ability of a material to withstand tensile (stretching) loads without
rupture occurring. The material is in tension.
2.Compressive strength :This is the ability of a material to withstand compressive (squeezing)
loads without being crushed or broken. The materials is in compression.
3.Shear Strength:This is the ability of a material to withstand offset or transverse loads without
rupture occurring. The rivet connecting the two bars shown is inshearwhilst the bars themselves
are intension. Note that the rivet would still be inshearif the bars were incompression.
4.Toughness: impact resistance -This is the ability of a material to resist shatter. If a material
shatters it is brittle (e.g. glass). If it fails to shatter when subject to an impact load it is tough (e.g.
rubber). Toughness should not be confused with strength. Any material in which the spread of
surface cracks does not occur or only occurs to a limited extent is said to be tough.
5.Elasticity:This is the ability of a material to deform under load and return to its original size
and shape when the load is removed. Such a material would be required to make the spring.
6.Plasticity:This property is the exact opposite of elasticity. It is the state of a material which has
been loaded beyond its elastic state. Under a load beyond that required to cause elastic
deformation (the elastic limit) a material possessing the property of plasticity deforms
permanently. It takes apermanent setand will not recover when the load is removed.
7.Ductility:This is the term used when plastic deformation occurs as the result of applying a
tensile load. Aductilematerial combines the properties of a plasticity and tenacity (tensile
strength) so that it can be stretched or drawn to shape and will retain that shape when the
deforming force is removed. For example, in wire drawing the wire is reduced in diameter by
drawing it through a die.
8.Malleability:This is a term used when plastic deformation occurs as the result of applying
acompressive load. A malleable material combines the properties of plasticity and
compressibility, so that it can be squeezed to shape by such processes as forging, rolling and
rivet heading.
9.Hardness:This is the ability of a material to withstand scratching (abrasion) or indentation by
another hadrd body. It is an indication of the wear resistance of a material.
Processes which increase the hardness of materials also increase their tensile strength. At the
same time the toughness of the material is reduced as it becomes more brittle.
Hardenabilitymust not be confused with hardness. Hardenability is the ability of a metal to
respond to the heat treatment process of quench hardening. To harden it, the hot metal must be
chilled at a rate in excess of itscritical cooling rate.Since any material that cools more quickly at
the surface than tat the centre there is a limit to the size of bar which can cool quickly enough at
its centre to achieve uniform h.
Student Work Topic 4
The document contains summaries of properties of materials provided by students. It discusses definitions, uses, and examples of various material properties including density, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, hardness, tensile strength, stiffness, and ductility. Key points covered include how the properties influence material selection for applications like construction, electronics, cooking appliances, and engineering structures.
Engg mat
This document discusses the mechanical properties of materials. It defines mechanical properties as how materials behave when subjected to stresses and strains from applied forces. It explains different types of loading like tension, compression, and shear that materials can experience. It also defines concepts like stress, strain, elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and viscous deformation. Different material behaviors are described like elastic, plastic, elastoplastic, and viscoelastic. The document also discusses properties such as modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, ductility, toughness, resilience, hardness, and factors of safety in material design. Testing methods for mechanical properties and examples of stress-strain curves are provided.
Properties of engineering materials
This document discusses various properties of engineering materials. It describes 12 key mechanical properties - elasticity, plasticity, toughness, resilience, tensile strength, yield strength, impact strength, ductility, hardness, fatigue, creep, and wear resistance. These properties determine how materials behave under applied forces. The document also examines stress-strain curves and how they relate to elasticity and plasticity. Factors that influence properties like hardness, toughness, creep, and wear are also outlined.
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Mechanical properties of materials by ombaran singh
- 1. DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE,AGRA PRESENTATION ON “MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS” Made By: Ombaran (156397) 3rd Year Mechanical
- 2. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: The properties of material that determine its behaviour under applied forces are known as mechanical properties. They are usually related to the elastic and plastic behaviour of the material. These properties are expressed as functions of stress- strain,etc. A sound knowledge of mechanical properties of materials provides the basis for predicting behaviour of materials under different load conditions and designing the components out of them.
- 3. STRESS AND STRAIN Experience shows that any material subjected to a lload may either deform, yield or break, depending upon the The Magnitude of load Nature of the material Cross sectional dime. The sum total of all the elementary interatomic forces or internal resistances which the material is called upon to exert to counteract the applied load is called stress. Mathematically, the stress is expressed as force divided by cross-sectional area.
- 4. Strain is the dimensional response given by material against mechanical loading/Deformation produced per unit length. Mathematically Strain is change in length divided by original length.
- 5. STRENGTH The strength of a material is its capacity to withstand destruction under the action of externalloads. It determines the ability of a material to withstand stress without failure. The maximum stress that any material will withstand before destruction is called ultimatestrength.
- 6. ELASTICITY: The property of material by virtue of which deformation caused by applied load disappears upon removal of load. Elasticity of a material is the power of coming back to its original position after deformation when the stress or load is removed. F bonds stretch returnto initial Elastic means reversible.
- 7. PLASTICITY: The plasticity of a material is its ability to undergo some degreeof permanent deformation without rupture or failure. Plastic deformation will take only after the elastic limit is exceeded. It increases with increase in temperature.
- 8. STIFFNESS: The resistance of a material to elastic deformation or deflection is called stiffness orrigidity. A material which suffers slight deformation under load has a high degree of stiffness orrigidity. E.g. Steel beam is more stiffer or more rigid than aluminium beam. The slow and progressive deformation of a material withtime at constant stress is called creep. Depending on temperature, stresses even below the elastIclimit can cause some permanent deformation. It is most generally defined as time-depndent strain occuring under stress. CREEP:
- 9. DUCTILITY: It is the property of a material which enables it to draw out into thin wires. E.g., Mild steel is a ductile material. The percent elongation and the reduction in area in tension is often used as emperical measures of ductility.
- 10. Malleability: Malleability of a material is its ability to be flattened into thin sheets without cracking by hot or cold working. E.g Lead can be readily rolled and hammered into thin sheets but can be drawn intowire.
- 11. RESILIENCE: It is the capacity of a material to absorb energy elastically. The maximum energy which can be stored in a body upto elastic limit is called the proof resilience, and the proof resilience per unit volume is called modulus of resilience. The quantity gives capacity of the material to bear shocks and vibrations.
- 12. HARDNESS: Hardness is a fundamental property which is closely related to strength. Hardness is usually defined in terms of the ability of a material to resist to scratching, abrasion, cutting, identation,or penetration. Methods used for determining hardness: Brinel, Rockwell ,Vickers.
- 13. BRITTLENESS: of breaking muchIt is the property permanent distortion. material is considered without to be brittleNon-Ductile material. E.g, Glass, Cast iron,etc.