The document discusses the fundamentals of assessment measurement, defining measurement as the assignment of numerical values to characteristics. It outlines various scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio, each with distinct attributes and hierarchy. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of absolute zero in ratio measurement, comparing this with the other scales to illustrate their differences.

1. ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING
BASICS OF ASSESSMENT
MEASUREMENT
S.Raja kumar
Assistant Professor
Thiagarajar College of preceptors
Madurai
Tamilnadu

2. MEASUREMENT
• The term measurement is derived from Greek
word “metron” by means limit proportion.
• Guilford “ description of data in terms of
numbers.

3. It is a process involving the assigning of
a number to an individuals
characteristics.

4. Meaning
• Measurement consist of rules for assessing
numbers to objects in such a way represented
quantities and attributes.
• Measurement = quantitative or numerical
value
• Eg. Height, weight, length.IQ

5. Scale of measurement
• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio

6. Nominal
• Nominal = naming
• It is simply label the object.
• Categorization is the main purpose of this
measurement.
• Numbers are used to label an item or attributes.
• Eg. 1. categorization of gender – male & female
• 2. locality- rural & urban

7. Some Definitions
Gender
Female Male
Locality
Rural Urban

8. Ordinal
1. attributes can be rank-ordered…
2. It may be ordering and categorization
eg. Running race
1st place
2nd place
3rd place
Rating scale
1. strongly agree
2. Agree
3. Neutral
4. Disagree
5. Strongly disagree

9. Four people ran in the race
• We know their names!
Earl Greg Mike Matt

10. Four people ran in the race
Earl Greg Mike Matt
1
2
3
4
We know the order they finished in

11. Four people ran in the race
Earl Greg Mike Matt
3:15pm
3:21pm
3:22pm
4:19pm
We know how far apart they finished
Earl is 1:04 faster than Matt

12. Interval Measurement
Equal space = equal interval
(Category, order and equal space)
There is no true zero value
When distance between attributes has meaning, for
example, temperature (in Fahrenheit) -- distance
from 30-40 is same as distance from 70-80
• Note that ratios don’t make any sense -- 80 degrees
is not twice as hot as 40 degrees (although the
attribute values are).

13. Ratio Measurement
• Has an absolute zero that is meaningful.
• It can be categorization, rank/order, equal
space and absolute zero.
• Eg. 10 gram is twice as much as 5 gram.
• “0” gram means no weight.

14. The Hierarchy of Levels
Nominal

15. The Hierarchy of Levels
Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest

16. The Hierarchy of Levels
Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest
Ordinal

17. The Hierarchy of Levels
Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest
Attributes can be orderedOrdinal

18. The Hierarchy of Levels
Nominal
Interval
Attributes are only named; weakest
Attributes can be orderedOrdinal

19. The Hierarchy of Levels
Nominal
Interval
Attributes are only named; weakest
Attributes can be ordered
Distance is meaningful
Ordinal

20. The Hierarchy of Levels
Nominal
Interval
Ratio
Attributes are only named; weakest
Attributes can be ordered
Distance is meaningful
Ordinal

21. The Hierarchy of Levels
Nominal
Interval
Ratio
Attributes are only named; weakest
Attributes can be ordered
Distance is meaningful
Absolute zero
Ordinal

22. Scale Categorization Rank/ order Equal space Absolute zero
Nominal Yes No No No
Ordinal Yes Yes No No
Interval Yes Yes Yes no
Ratio Yes Yes Yes yes

23. Thank you