Mcq malaria
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This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about malaria. The questions cover topics like the most sensitive index for measuring malaria transmission, calculating annual parasite incidence from survey data, malaria vector species, treatment guidelines for different malaria species, drugs used for radical cure and chemoprophylaxis, and recommended treatments for chloroquine resistant malaria and malaria in pregnancy. The correct answer is provided for each multiple choice question.
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Malaria (Everything about it)
this presentation involves the definition of malaria, causes, clinical feature, phathophysiology, life cycle, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Complicated and uncomplicated malaria
Uncomplicated and severe malaria are described. Uncomplicated malaria is defined as malaria symptoms with a positive test but no severe features, while severe malaria almost always involves P. falciparum and can be life-threatening. Treatment of uncomplicated malaria involves ACT like artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days. Severe malaria requires hospitalization and IV treatment with quinine or artesunate, along with managing complications and symptoms. Studies in Somalia found unacceptably high failure rates for artemether-sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, indicating a need to replace it with a more effective ACT.
Malaria
The document summarizes information about malaria, including that it is caused by parasites transmitted via mosquito bites, with 350-500 million cases annually. It discusses the four Plasmodium species that cause malaria and their incubation periods. Malaria symptoms include febrile paroxysms with chills, fever, and sweating stages. Complications include cerebral malaria, anemia, and blackwater fever. Diagnosis involves blood film examination, and treatment depends on parasite species and disease severity, usually requiring around two weeks.
Pneumonia Diagnosis and treatment
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Parasitology questions and answers
This document contains 31 multiple choice questions about parasitology. It covers topics like identifying parasites from images, choosing the appropriate dewormer for different parasite infections, clinical signs associated with various parasites, parasite life cycles, and treatments. The questions are for a DCM class and cover parasites that can infect dogs, cats, livestock and humans.
Malaria life cycle, clinical features and management
This document provides an overview of malaria in India. It discusses the epidemiology and life cycle of the malaria parasite, clinical features of both uncomplicated and severe malaria, and treatment approaches. Malaria remains a major public health problem in India, where Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant cause of infection. Transmission is highest in rural areas, and states like Odisha contribute a large proportion of national cases. Clinical presentation depends on transmission intensity and immune status.
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Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted via mosquito bites. The document discusses the history and life cycle of malaria parasites, describing how they were first observed by Hippocrates and eventually their full life cycle was discovered in the late 19th/early 20th century. It also summarizes methods for diagnosing malaria, including examining blood smears under microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests, fluorescent microscopy using stains, and PCR to detect parasite genetic material.
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This document discusses leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies. It causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar), cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. India has the highest burden of visceral leishmaniasis globally, with Bihar being the most affected state. The parasite infects macrophages and clinical features include irregular fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasite in tissue aspirates or using serological tests. Treatment options include pentavalent antimony, pentamidine, amphotericin B, and miltefosine. Control relies on
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Malaria (Everything about it)
this presentation involves the definition of malaria, causes, clinical feature, phathophysiology, life cycle, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Complicated and uncomplicated malaria
Uncomplicated and severe malaria are described. Uncomplicated malaria is defined as malaria symptoms with a positive test but no severe features, while severe malaria almost always involves P. falciparum and can be life-threatening. Treatment of uncomplicated malaria involves ACT like artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days. Severe malaria requires hospitalization and IV treatment with quinine or artesunate, along with managing complications and symptoms. Studies in Somalia found unacceptably high failure rates for artemether-sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, indicating a need to replace it with a more effective ACT.
Malaria
The document summarizes information about malaria, including that it is caused by parasites transmitted via mosquito bites, with 350-500 million cases annually. It discusses the four Plasmodium species that cause malaria and their incubation periods. Malaria symptoms include febrile paroxysms with chills, fever, and sweating stages. Complications include cerebral malaria, anemia, and blackwater fever. Diagnosis involves blood film examination, and treatment depends on parasite species and disease severity, usually requiring around two weeks.
Pneumonia Diagnosis and treatment
Pneumonia is an inflammatory lung condition caused by infection, usually bacterial or viral. It is characterized by consolidation of the lungs due to inflammatory exudate, bacteria, and white blood cells filling the alveoli. Pneumonia can be classified as lobar or bronchopneumonia based on location in the lungs and as community-acquired or hospital-acquired based on where infection was contracted. Treatment involves use of antibiotics to eradicate the infecting organism as well as supportive care like oxygen supplementation. Antibiotic selection is based on suspected pathogen, patient age and health status, and severity of illness.
Parasitology questions and answers
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Malaria life cycle, clinical features and management
This document provides an overview of malaria in India. It discusses the epidemiology and life cycle of the malaria parasite, clinical features of both uncomplicated and severe malaria, and treatment approaches. Malaria remains a major public health problem in India, where Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant cause of infection. Transmission is highest in rural areas, and states like Odisha contribute a large proportion of national cases. Clinical presentation depends on transmission intensity and immune status.
Laboratory diagnosis of malaria
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted via mosquito bites. The document discusses the history and life cycle of malaria parasites, describing how they were first observed by Hippocrates and eventually their full life cycle was discovered in the late 19th/early 20th century. It also summarizes methods for diagnosing malaria, including examining blood smears under microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests, fluorescent microscopy using stains, and PCR to detect parasite genetic material.
Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar)
This document discusses leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies. It causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar), cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. India has the highest burden of visceral leishmaniasis globally, with Bihar being the most affected state. The parasite infects macrophages and clinical features include irregular fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasite in tissue aspirates or using serological tests. Treatment options include pentavalent antimony, pentamidine, amphotericin B, and miltefosine. Control relies on
Malaria ppt
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted via mosquito bites. The four species that cause malaria in humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum, with P. falciparum being the deadliest. Symptoms include fever, chills, and headaches. Treatment involves supportive therapies along with antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine and combinations of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxin. Prevention focuses on controlling mosquito breeding and protecting against mosquito bites.
Scabies
Scabies is caused by the human itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows under the skin and lays eggs, causing intense itching and a pimple-like rash. Symptoms usually appear within 4-6 weeks after infestation. Scabies is diagnosed based on appearance of rash and presence of mite burrows, and can be confirmed microscopically. It is treated with prescription scabicides like permethrin or ivermectin, applied to all areas of the body and washed off after the recommended time. Retreatment may be needed if symptoms persist after 2-4 weeks.
Larva migrans
Larva migrans is caused by larval migration through tissues. It can be cutaneous (skin), ocular (eyes), or visceral (internal organs). Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by animal hookworms in soil, causing burrowing skin lesions. Visceral larva migrans is caused by dog or cat roundworm eggs in soil ingested by humans, where the larvae migrate through organs causing damage. Ocular larva migrans is caused by the same roundworms migrating to the eyes. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, exposure history, and antibody tests. Prevention involves deworming pets and reducing children's contact with contaminated soil.
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This document discusses various methods for diagnosing malaria, including:
- Clinical diagnosis, which can have poor specificity in endemic areas. The gold standard is examining blood smears under microscopy.
- Thick and thin blood smears examined microscopically, which allow distinguishing parasite species and quantifying parasitemia. This remains the most widely available method.
- Rapid diagnostic tests that detect parasite antigens like HRP-2 or pLDH. These provide results faster than microscopy but cannot detect mixed infections or quantify parasitemia.
- More sensitive methods like PCR allow definitive species identification but require specialized equipment and training. Preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria requires detection methods more sensitive than PCR
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Filariasis
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Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted via mosquito bites. The four species that cause malaria in humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum, with P. falciparum being the deadliest. Symptoms include fever, chills, and headaches. Treatment involves supportive therapies along with antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine and combinations of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxin. Prevention focuses on controlling mosquito breeding and protecting against mosquito bites.
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Larva migrans
Larva migrans is caused by larval migration through tissues. It can be cutaneous (skin), ocular (eyes), or visceral (internal organs). Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by animal hookworms in soil, causing burrowing skin lesions. Visceral larva migrans is caused by dog or cat roundworm eggs in soil ingested by humans, where the larvae migrate through organs causing damage. Ocular larva migrans is caused by the same roundworms migrating to the eyes. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, exposure history, and antibody tests. Prevention involves deworming pets and reducing children's contact with contaminated soil.
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definition ,causative factor ,epidemiology ,signs and symptoms ,diagnosis ,differential diagnosis ,complications,treatment ,prognosis .prevention
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This document discusses various methods for diagnosing malaria, including:
- Clinical diagnosis, which can have poor specificity in endemic areas. The gold standard is examining blood smears under microscopy.
- Thick and thin blood smears examined microscopically, which allow distinguishing parasite species and quantifying parasitemia. This remains the most widely available method.
- Rapid diagnostic tests that detect parasite antigens like HRP-2 or pLDH. These provide results faster than microscopy but cannot detect mixed infections or quantify parasitemia.
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Malaria is a protozoal disease transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. In 2019, there were 229 million malaria cases and 409,000 deaths, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. High-risk groups include young children, pregnant women, immigrants, international travelers, and those with HIV/AIDS. Malaria prevalence is higher among poor, rural, tribal, and forest-dwelling populations with limited healthcare access. Common vectors in India include An. culicifacies, An. stephensi, An. minimus, and An. epiroticus. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale and
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Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
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Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 2. 1. The most sensitive index of recent transmission of malaria in a community is: (a) Spleen rate (b) Infant parasite rate (c) Annual parasite incidence (d) Slide positivity rate
- 3. 2)Malarial survey is conducted in 50 villages having a population of 1 lakh. Out of 20000 slides examined,500 turned out to be malaria positive. The annual parasite incidence is: (a) 20 (b) 5 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.4
- 4. 3) Among various species of mosquitoes belonging to anopheles genus, one that is highly anthrophilic and transmits even at low density is: (a) Anopheles sundicans (b) Anopheles fluvitalis (c) Anopheles stephensi (d) Anopheles culicifacies
- 5. 4)If API>2, the vector is resistant to DDT, the malathion spray should be done every: (a) One round of malathion every month (b) 2 round or malathion every months (c) 1 -2 round of malathion every 3 months (d) 3 round of malathion every 3 months
- 6. 5)Malaria recrudescence is [AIIMS 2014] (a) Resistant to treatment (b) Relapse of infection (c) Relapse in vivax and ovale (d) Reappearance of sexual stage parasitemia after treatment
- 7. 6) Which of the following is used for radical cure of malaria? (a)Primaquine (b) Chloroquine (c) Quinine (d) Pyrimethamine
- 8. 7)Chemoprophylaxis of Malaria can be done by all except: (a) Chloroquine (b) Mefloquine (c) Proguanil (d) Primaquine
- 9. 8) In high-risk areas the radical treatment for Plasmodium vivax infection after microscopic confirmation is administration of tablets primaquine in the daily dosage of: (a) 0.25 mg/ kg body weight (b) 0.50 mg/ kg body weight (c) 0.75 mg/ kg body weight (d) 1.00 mg/ kg body weight
- 10. 9)In a Chloroquine resistant zone the presumptive treatment of malaria to be given is: (a) Chloroquine + primaquine 45 mg (b) Chloroquine + pyrimethamine (c) Sulphalene 1000 mg (d) Sulphadoxine + pyrimethamine
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- 12. 1) (b) Infant parasite rate 2) (b) 5 3) (b) Anopheles fluvitalis 4) (d) 3 round of malathione every 3 months 5) (d) Reappearance of sexual stage parasitemia after treatment 6) (a) Primaquine 7) (d) Primaquine 8) (a) 0.25 mg/ kg body weight 9) (d) Sulphadoxine + pyrimethamine 10) (d) quinine