This paper presents a low-cost home automation system that utilizes an Arduino micro-web server for remote control and monitoring of home devices via an Android app. The proposed system integrates various sensors and appliances, allowing users to manage their home environment efficiently without the need for a dedicated server or high-cost components. By employing a simple communication protocol, the system aims to provide greater convenience and accessibility for monitoring home safety and comfort.

1. International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
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HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM VIA INTERNET USING ANDROID
PHONE
Mayur Ramkrushna Bhoyar1
CSE Department, JDIET, Yavatmal, Mayurbhoyar2@gmail.com
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ABSTRACT
This paper presents a low cost, flexible and standalone home devices control and monitoring system using an
embedded arduino micro-web server, with real IP connectivity for accessing and controlling devices and
appliances remotely using Android based Smart phone app running on android platform. The proposed
system does not require a dedicated server PC with respect to similar systems and offers a novel
communication protocol to monitor and control the home environment. Devices such as light switches,
temperature sensors, humidity sensors, current sensors, smoke/gas sensors and sirens have been integrated in
the system to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed smart home system.
Keywords- Internet of Things(IoT), Smart Home, Home Automation, Arduino
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1. INTRODUCTION
Home automation is automation of the home or household activity. Home automation may include control
of lighting, fans, appliances, and other systems, to provide more convenience, comfort, power saving and
security. The concept of home automation has been evolved trough decades and products have been on the
market for long, though no one solution has broken through to the mainstream yet. Home automation also helps
for the elderly and disable persons that are at home as they don’t have to move from one place to another place
just for switching on or off the appliances, opening the door, etc. It can also provide a remote interface to home
appliances or the automation system , via the internet, to provide control and monitoring via a smart phone or
web browser. This paper will describe system which we are implementing to control various home appliances
with arduino Ethernet web server and android smart phone.
2. RELATED LITERATURE
Smart home is not a new term for science society ,it is been used from decades. As electronic technologies
are advancing, the field of home automation is expanding fastly. There were various smart systems have been
proposed where the control is via Bluetooth[3][6], internet [5]etc. Bluetooth capabilities are good and most of
current laptop/desktops, tablets, notebooks and cell phones have built-in adaptor that will indirectly reduce the
cost of the system. But it limits the control to within the Bluetooth range of the environment while most other
systems are not so feasible to be implemented as low cost solution. In [8], Wi-Fi based home automation system
is presented. It uses a PC (with built in Wi-Fi card) based web server that manages the connected home devices.
The system supports a wide range of home automation devices like fans,lights,other home appliances. A similar
architecture is proposed in [4] where the actions are coordinated by the home agent running on a PC. Other
papers such as [8] also presented internet controlled systems consisting of a web server, database and a web
page of websites for interconnecting and handling the devices. These systems utilize a PC which leads to a
direct increase in cost and power consumption. On the other side, the development and hosting of the web page
will also costs high. Lately few researchers have also presented use of Web services, Simple Object Access
Protocol (SOAP) and Representational State Transfer (REST) as an interoperable application layer to remotely
access home automation systems introduced a smart home management scheme over the Ethernet network
based on XML SOAP standards. The disadvantage of using SOAP based Web a service is that it is hard to
handle and adds overhead to the client and server when parsing the message, resulting in slow operation and
higher Bandwidth. REST has been represented as a Web-based interaction for controlling household devices
using Web techniques such as HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) caching and push messaging technique.
Also a Web-based graphical user interface has been developed to manage the home devices. Home automation
using Cloud computing that has also been proposed by where users were able to control various lights and
appliances within their home.All above mentioned systems has made tremendous contributions in home

2. International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org
automation system. However, a PC is used as a server that increases the cost and power consumption while
others require web page hosting that adds up the extra cost.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM AND ARCHITECTURE
A. Features of the Proposed System
In order to address the mentioned issues of flexibility and functionality in the existing system, we have
designed and implemented a novel, standalone and low cost home controlling and monitoring system using
RESTful based Web services as an interoperable application layer. The system consists of a micro Web - server
based on Arduino Ethernet kit, hardware interface modules and the Android compatible Smart phone app
running on android platform. The architecture presented can be customized in different ways in order to
accommodate different application scenarios with minimum recoding and design which says that each time a
new device is added to the micro Web-server, a new thread(task) dedicated to the device is automatically
created in the Smart phone app. Therefore, the aim of the proposed work is not to incorporate expensive
components such as high end personal computers which directly leads to high cost. This proposed system allows
authorized home owners to remotely control and monitor connected devices at home using any Wi-Fi or 3G/4G
enabled Smart phone which supports Java. The smart phone application provides a graphical user interface
(GUI) for accessing and controlling the devices at home through server real IP.
B. Description of Proposed Architecture
The architecture is divided into three layers: Home Environment, Home Gateway and Remote Environment
(see Figure 1). Remote Environment represents authorized users who can access the system on their Smart
phone app using the Internet via Wi-Fi, data connection connected to 3G/4G network. Home Environment
consists of Home router and a hardware interface module. The primary function of the Home router(gateway)
for the proposed architecture is to provide data translation services between the Internets through sending and
receiving requests and responses respectively. The main component of the Home Gateway is a micro webserver
based on Arduino Ethernet embedded with microcontroller. The main task of the server is to managing,
controlling and monitoring system parts that enables hardware interface modules to execute their assigned task
using actuators and to report server with triggered events via sensors such as smoke detecting sensors,etc.
Hardware interface modules are directly connected with sensors and actuators through cables. It has the
capabilities to control power management systems like lightings, power plugs and security systems such as
home door locks, and gate. For monitoring, controlling Home Environment the system supports sensors such as
temperature, smoke,humidity and current.

3. International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
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Fig 1. A Overview of Conceptual architecture
In order to successfully connect and access the smart home micro web-server, the end user has to enter the
correct real IP address and password. If the android web-server grants permission to access to the smart home
app running on android platform, response packet containing response code 200 will be received. The
application processes the response packet to determine the micro web-server’s response. Response Packet
containing response code 200 indicates the password is correct, and the application will move to the main
control page and synchronize using the data from the response packet sent from web server to reflect the real
time statuses of the smart home devices. If the password is incorrect, response packet containing response code
404 will be received. The general response packet layout. The response code and devices with their statuses are
separated by a space while the device and its status is separated by a colon (:). For example when user wants
from the app to turn on Fan 1 is successful, the response packet will be “200 Fan:1” where Fan is device
connected to the Ethernet web sever kit. 0 indicates off state while a 1 indicates on state.
4. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR GATEWAY
Fig 2. Home Gateway flow chart for the connection establishment with the Internet
Software of the web server is composed of two parts: server application software and microcontroller
firmware. To successfully communicate between home automation application and the Home Gateway,
configuration stage and sensor control stage layers have been implemented on the Arduino Uno. The

4. International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org
<Ethernet.h> libraries are used to receive data on Arduino and creates output messages in JavaScript Object
Notation (JSON) format. Figure 2 shows the flowchart of connection establishment between the Arduino kit and
the Internet(not the smart phone app). The Home Gateway is connected to Internet over TCP/IP protocol. Since
Arduino Ethernet shield already supports a TCP/IP stack, the design focused on implementing software to
connect it to the remote user. At the initial phase,the Home Gateway once started enters the configuration stage.
In the next phase,the configuration stage the Ethernet module establishes connection with Local Area Network
(LAN) using a static IP address. In order to optimize the process of connection, this design uses static IP address
rather than acquiring an IP via Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Once the Home Gateway has
been initialized, it enters into an idle state until any command is received from the remote application. Once
successful reception of commands as strings from the Smart phone app is given, appropriate control action is
taken.
CONCLUSION
This is an ongoing project. Our prime objective is to assist handicapped/old aged people. This paper
gives basic idea of controlling various home appliances and provide a security using Android phone or tablet.
This paper is based on Android and Arduino platform both of which are FOSS(Free Open Source Software).
Therefore the overall implementation cost is very cheap and it is affordable by a common person. Because of
tremendous increase in android enabled phone, here we are using android application. The design consists of
Android phone with home automation application, Arduino Mega ADK embedded with microcontroller. User
can interact with the android phone and send control signal to the Arduino ADK which in turn will control other
embedded devices/sensors.
REFERENCES
[1] Shiu Kumar “Ubiquitous smart home system using android application” International Journal of Computer
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vol. 3, pp. 382-385, March 2013.
[3] R. A. Ramlee, M. H. Leong, R. S. S. Singh, M. M. Ismail, M. A. Othman, H. A. Sulaiman, et al.,
"Bluetooth Remote Home Automation System Using Android Application," The International Journal of
Engineering And Science, vol. 2, pp. 149-153, 11, January 2013.
[4] A. ElShafee and K. A. Hamed, "Design and Implementation of a WiFi Based Home Automation System,"
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 68, pp. 2177-2180, 2012.
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