The document discusses measurement and Pythagoras' theorem. It begins by explaining different systems of measurement for length used throughout history, including the modern metric system. It defines units of length and their use in describing distance and perimeter. It then explains how to convert between metric units using prefixes like kilo, centi, and milli. An example is provided of calculating perimeter. The document states Pythagoras' theorem will be discussed and provides examples to demonstrate perimeter and conversions between metric units.

1. Chapter 3: Measurement and
Pythagoras’ theorem (Part 1)
Saumil S. Sharma
B.Sc., MBA
NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum
Cambridge MATHS for Year 8

2. Identification of Shapes

3. Units of Length
• For thousands of years, civilisations have found ways to
measure length. The Egyptians, for example, used the
cubit (length of an arm from the elbow to the tip of the
middle fi nger), the Romans used the pace (5 feet) and
the English developed their imperial system using
inches, feet, yards and miles. The modern-day system
used in Australia (and most other countries) is the
metric system, which was developed in France in the
1790s and is based on the unit called the metre.
• We use units of length to describe the distance
between two points, or the distance around the
outside of a shape, called the perimeter.

4. Inter conversion of metric units
“Kilo” means thousand times. For example kilogram is equal to 1000 grams.
“Centi” means one hundredth part. Therefore, centi meter is a hundredth part of a metre.
“Milli” means one thousandth part. E.g. milligram is a thousandth part of a gram.
• To convert Kilometer into metre multiply by 1000 and metre into kilometre divide by
1000
• To convert metre into centimetre multiply by 100 and centimetre into metre divide by
100
• To convert centimetre into millimetre multiply by 10 and millimetre into centimetre
divide by 10

5. Example

6. Perimeter
• “Peri” means outer and “meter” means to
measure. Therefore, the distance around the
outside of a shape, called the perimeter.

7. Discussion

8. Example

9. Example