Needs analysis is the cornerstone of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) as it helps identify learners' target needs including necessities, lacks, and wants as well as learning needs. There are two main types of needs - target needs which refer to what learners need to do in their target situation, and learning needs which relate to how learners can progress from their current proficiency to meeting the target needs. A thorough needs analysis is important for developing an effective ESP curriculum that matches learners' professional needs and motivates their language learning.
This tackles what are the issues, tasks, and challenges by a language teacher/ ESP teacher and think of some ways on how can it be resolved in the future. :)
This tackles what are the issues, tasks, and challenges by a language teacher/ ESP teacher and think of some ways on how can it be resolved in the future. :)
Product Syllabus : product syllabuses are those in which the focus is on the knowledge and skills which learners should gain as a result of instruction.
4.2. process syllabuses are those which focus on the learning experiences themselves.
. Synthetic syllabus: segment the target language into discrete linguistic items.
Different parts of language are taught separately.
4.4 . Analytic Syllabi: focus on the learner and his needs and on the kinds of linguistic
performance necessary to achieve those goals .
4.5. Type A: This type deals with what should be learned in a second language classroom.
4.6. Type B : Consider the question of how a second language should be learned.
Product Syllabus : product syllabuses are those in which the focus is on the knowledge and skills which learners should gain as a result of instruction.
4.2. process syllabuses are those which focus on the learning experiences themselves.
. Synthetic syllabus: segment the target language into discrete linguistic items.
Different parts of language are taught separately.
4.4 . Analytic Syllabi: focus on the learner and his needs and on the kinds of linguistic
performance necessary to achieve those goals .
4.5. Type A: This type deals with what should be learned in a second language classroom.
4.6. Type B : Consider the question of how a second language should be learned.
Needs Analysis: A Valuable Tool for Designing and Maintaining Effective ESP C...Abdeslam Badre, PhD
This is a descriptive article about the definition, value, and operational procedures of the design and implementation of needs analysis in foreign language teaching institutions.
Here you will find the main characteristics of ESP and what to have in mind when appoaching our students in connection to the course disign: students' necessities, lacks and wants.
A Power Point presentation about the Do's and Don'ts, as well as the guidelines and elements required and studied for several authors to achieve and conduct an appropriate Needs Analysis, especially in English for Specific Purposes (ESP).
Needs Analysis of an English for Academic Purpose (Eap) Programme: English La...iosrjce
There is need to ensure the production of competent primary English teaching specialists. All
colleges of education in the country are running their programme for this purpose. But the minimum standard
seems lacking in essential ingredients that would guarantee the training of effective primary English teachers. It
is equally realised that effective teaching and learning of this nature constitute functions of a combination of
factors among which are the teacher, the material, learner and the learning situation. This paper focuses on
need analysis as a process and product orientation towards the production of competent primary English
teaching specialists.
The aim of this research study is to analyze the appropriateness of the English syllabus according to the true language needs, which is being offered to the students of International Relations Department of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. To carry out this research study, students of IR department (Part 1 and 2) have been taken as a sample population to collect required data. To check the appropriateness of the offered English syllabus and existing level of English language competence according to the students’ needs; two research tools have been taken as: test and interview. In order to get the actual feedback from the students, a test consisted of four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading and writing) was conducted to 50 students of IR department. Interview was conducted to the teachers of IR department in order to get the actual information about the appropriateness of the English syllabus and the competency level of the students. Collected data through both the sources were analyzed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The findings from these sources provided the results which were expected before the accomplishment of this research work. The findings of this research advocated that the EAP should be adopted to make the existing syllabus appropriate and need based in order to refine the basic English language skills of the students. This recommended course is very productive for social sciences disciplines of the BZU.
The slides in hand are detailed description of Need Analysis.they are about how to identify target need and learner's needs in order to perform a better way being an ESP practitioner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. 1- Introduction to Needs Analysis in ESP
2- Types of Needs Analysis
2.1- Target Needs
2.1.1- Necessities
2.1.2- lacks
2.1.3- wants
2.2- Learning Needs
3- The Importance of Needs Analysis in ESP
4- Conclusion
3. Needs analysis is considered to be the cornerstone of
English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The concept of
Needs analysis has been different along the decades.
At the initial stages of ESP( the 1960s and early 1970s),
needs analysis consisted in assessing the
communicative needs of the learners and the
techniques of achieving specific teaching objectives.
Nowadays, the tasks of needs analysis is much more
complex: it aims at collecting information about the
learners and at defining the target situation and
environment of studying ESP.
4. Hutchinson (1991:54) states that there are
two kinds of needs, target needs and
learning needs. The former implies what the
learner needs to do in the target situation
and the latter what he needs to do in order to
learn
5. Target needs is a general term that
encompasses the learners’ necessities,
lacks and wants. According to Hutchinson
and Waters (1987) it mainly related to ‘what
the learner need to do in the target situation’.
6. Necessities are a type of need determined
by the demand of the target situation, to put
it in a simple term it is what the leaner has to
know in order to function accordingly in the
target situation.
7. An example taken from Munby (1978), it shows the
necessities for a learner who works as a head waiter in a
hotel
8. Lacks are what the learners already know
and what they are deficient in. According to
what they know we decide what necessities
they’re missing. Lacks are the gap between
the target proficiency and the existing
proficiency of the learners.
9. So far, we looked at target needs only in an
objective term, with no regards to the
learners own subjective hopes. As Richterich
(1984:29) comments: ‘… a need does not
exist independent of a person, it is the
people who build their image of their needs
on the basis of data relating to themselves
and their environment’.
10. So to put it simply, wants are the learners own personal
subjective expectations. these wants may conflict with the
necessities as perceived by the course designer, so there
must be a way to accommodate them both and find an
appropriate middle ground.
Keep in mind that individuals’ wants may not be all met
but the wants of the majority can certainly be discussed
and relatively met.
11. Learning needs are about the learners' motivation of learning the
language, the way they prefer to learn, the available resources, the time
and place the course will take place and the learners' personal information.
Hutchinson and Waters compare the Business English course to a journey.
The starting point of the journey is the "lacks" and the destination is the
"necessities". Learning needs are how are the learners get from the
starting point to the destination. Sometimes the "destination" may be
deviated because the "necessities" perceived by the sponsors may be
different from what the learners want or feel they need ”wants”.
12. Its useful to think of learning needs as a route, if the learner doesn’t find
this route engaging enough it will lose his interest, so its important to
make the route as interesting as possible.
For example, when preparing material for a group of learners who need
to read texts on systems, most of the available texts tend to be long and
dull, so should these texts be used for ESP? certainly not! . The
motivation of the learners may not carry over the ESP course, even if
they manage to go through the texts this does not imply that they learned
from dull texts.
It is important to look for texts that are more interesting or even humorous
to capture and generate the motivation needed for the ESP course to be
effective.
13. As we know ESP emerged as an answer to the even
growing business environment, the demand for skilled
workers increased, whether the learners are from the oil
industry or the construction industry, the principle
remains the same. The learners needs and demands
should be a primary focus when the designing an
effective ESP course.
A number of prominent linguists such as ( Strevens,
Hutchinson and Watrers, Basturkmen) All share the
belief that needs analysis is an important insinuating
point for devising syllabus, courses and materials for
specific audiences.
14. In conclusion, the results of the needs analysis help to
identify the students’ prospective professional needs,
the students’ needs in terms of language skills and the
students’ deficiencies in the area of language skills.
Only after analyzing the students’ needs and
determining the objectives of the language course, we
can select a material that meets the needs of the
students. Thus, needs analysis is the foundation on
which we can develop curriculum content, teaching
materials and methods that can lead to increasing the
learners ’motivation and success.