Mastoiditis is an infection of the air cells in the mastoid process behind the ear. It is usually caused by untreated middle ear infections. Symptoms include pain and swelling behind the ear, fever, and ear drainage. Diagnosis involves examinations, imaging like MRI or CT scan, and culture of any drainage. Treatment consists of antibiotics and may require procedures like myringotomy, mastoidectomy, or tympanoplasty to drain the infection if it has spread. Complications can include hearing loss, meningitis, or facial nerve paralysis if left untreated or from surgery.

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3.  Mastoid process is the portion of the
temporal bone of the skull that is behind the
ear which contains open, air- containing
spaces
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4.  it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of
the mastoid air cell system inside the mastoid
process
 Mastoiditis is the result of an infection that
extends to the air cells of the skull behind the
ear
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5.  Acute mastoiditis - sudden occurrence of
inflammation may spread outside the
mastoid bone and cause serious problems
 Chronic mastoiditis – in chronic type of
mastoiditis there will be ongoing middle ear
infection and persistent drainage from the
ear.
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6.  Mastoidits is usually caused by untreated
acute otitis media
 Cholesteatoma in the middle ear may block
drainage of the ear leading to mastoiditis
Causative organisms
 Streptococcus pneumonia, streptococcus
pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus,
heamophilus influenzae and morexalla
catarrhalis
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7.  Pain, tenderness and swelling in the mastoid
region
 Otalgia, redness over the mastoid region
 Fever , headaches
 Drainage from the ear occurs in more
serious cases
 Irritability and lethargy
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8. History collection
Physical examination
MRI
CT scan
Culture of the drainage
Blood tests
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9.  Antibiotics – ceftriaxone IV
 Myringotomy or tympanostomy to insert a
tympanostomy tube into the ear drum to the inner
ear for draining.
 Mastoidectomy – a procedure in which a portion
of the mastoid bone is removed and the infection
drained.
 A second surgery may do after mastoidectomy to
correct the ossicles and the perforated tympanic
membrane. (tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty)
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10.  Simple mastoidectomy – surgeon opens the
mastoid bone, removes the infected air cells, and
drains the middle ear
 Radical mastoidectomy –surgeon remove the
eardrum and middle ear structures. Skin graft is
placed in middle ear after the procedure
 Modified radical mastoidectomy – this is less
severe form of radical mastoidectomy. Not all
middle ear bones are removed and the ear drum
is rebuilt.
 Mastoidectomy also done to place choclear
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11.  Post operative antibiotics and analgesics will
be there
 Follow up date will fix for the removal of
stitches and bandage
 Cover the operative site while bathing
(pertroleum jelly covered cotton ball)
 Avoid streneous activity
 Avoid air travel
 Avoid putting pressure on ear
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12.  If left untreated it can cause hearing loss,
blood clot, meningitis and brain abscess
Complications of surgery
 Facial nerve paralysis
 Sensorineural hearing loss
 Vertigo
 Change in taste (metallic taste)
 Tinnnitus
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