Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to identify unknown compounds based on their mass. It works by converting analyte molecules to ions, separating the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio, and detecting the ions. Common applications include determining the structures of biomolecules like proteins, identifying drugs and metabolites in biological samples, and quantifying elemental compositions. The document provides details on the principles, instrumentation components like ion sources and mass analyzers, and various applications of mass spectrometry.
mass spectrometry, also called mass spectroscopy, analytic technique by which chemical substances are identified by the sorting of gaseous ions in electric and magnetic fields according to their mass-to-charge ratios.
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
mass spectrometry, also called mass spectroscopy, analytic technique by which chemical substances are identified by the sorting of gaseous ions in electric and magnetic fields according to their mass-to-charge ratios.
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
INTRODUCTION of Mass Spectrometry, Applications of Mass Spectrometry,Principle of Mass Spectrometry, Mass Spectrum,MOLECULAR ION PEAK, MOLECULAR ION / PARENT PEAK, BASE PEAK, Metastable ion ,Instrumentation of Mass Spectrometry, Electron impact spectra, CHEMICAL IONIZATION, ELECTROSPRAY IONISATION, MATRIX ASSISTED DESORPTION / IONISATION(MALDI), FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT SOURCE,Ion separator (analyzer), Types of mass spectrometers, Single focussing spectrometers,Time of flight systems,FRAGMENTATION of Mass Spectrometry.
The Detailed Theory and instrumentation of Both Amperometry and Biamperometric analysis is given with Titration curves and Applications.
Medha Thakur (M.Sc Chemistry)
MASS SPECTROSCOPY ( Molecular ion, Base peak, Isotopic abundance, Metastable ...Sachin Kale
CONTENT:
Molecular Ion Peak
Significance of Molecular ion & Graphically Method
Base Peak
Isotopic Abundance
Metastable Ion
Significance of Metastable ion
Nitrogen Rule & graphs
Formulation of Rule
MASS SPECTROMETRY(mass-spec) -2013 - P.ravisankar- WHAT ABOUT MASS SPECTROMET...Dr. Ravi Sankar
MASS SPECTROMETRY(mass-spec) -2013 - P.ravisankar-WHAT ABOUT MASS SPECTROMETRY,BASIC PRINCIPLE,INSTRUMENTATION, ION SOURCES, MASS ANALYZERS,APPLICATIONS.
P.RAVISANKAR, VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI
INTRODUCTION of Mass Spectrometry, Applications of Mass Spectrometry,Principle of Mass Spectrometry, Mass Spectrum,MOLECULAR ION PEAK, MOLECULAR ION / PARENT PEAK, BASE PEAK, Metastable ion ,Instrumentation of Mass Spectrometry, Electron impact spectra, CHEMICAL IONIZATION, ELECTROSPRAY IONISATION, MATRIX ASSISTED DESORPTION / IONISATION(MALDI), FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT SOURCE,Ion separator (analyzer), Types of mass spectrometers, Single focussing spectrometers,Time of flight systems,FRAGMENTATION of Mass Spectrometry.
The Detailed Theory and instrumentation of Both Amperometry and Biamperometric analysis is given with Titration curves and Applications.
Medha Thakur (M.Sc Chemistry)
MASS SPECTROSCOPY ( Molecular ion, Base peak, Isotopic abundance, Metastable ...Sachin Kale
CONTENT:
Molecular Ion Peak
Significance of Molecular ion & Graphically Method
Base Peak
Isotopic Abundance
Metastable Ion
Significance of Metastable ion
Nitrogen Rule & graphs
Formulation of Rule
MASS SPECTROMETRY(mass-spec) -2013 - P.ravisankar- WHAT ABOUT MASS SPECTROMET...Dr. Ravi Sankar
MASS SPECTROMETRY(mass-spec) -2013 - P.ravisankar-WHAT ABOUT MASS SPECTROMETRY,BASIC PRINCIPLE,INSTRUMENTATION, ION SOURCES, MASS ANALYZERS,APPLICATIONS.
P.RAVISANKAR, VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI
This ppt explains the basics of mass spectrometry and in application in pharmacognosy. Hope this helps you guys. Like, comment and save. If you hav problem downloading, send your email address; i'll post it for you by mail :)
Enjoy the presentation.
(MS) is an analytical technique that produces spectra (singular spectrum) of the masses of the atoms or molecules comprising a sample of material. The spectra are used to determine the elemental or isotopic signature of a sample, the masses of particles and of molecules, and to elucidate the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides and other chemical compounds,so it is considered one f the very important diagnostic analytical techniques .
MASS SPECTROMETRY IN THE FIELD OF FOOD INDUSTRYErin Davis
This is a powerpoint presentation solely to give a brief idea about the role of Mass Spectrometry (MS) which is one of the powerful analytical technique.This presentation describes the role of Mass Spectrometry in the field of food industry.These slides deals with the basic principle,working,components,detailed analysis etc.
BITS - Introduction to Mass Spec data generationBITS
This is the first presentation of the BITS training on 'Mass spec data processing'.
It reviews the basic concepts of mass spectrometry data generation.
Thanks to the Compomics Lab of the VIB for contribution.
Localising Charged Particles by Electric and Magnetic Fields
the trapping of charged particles
Prepared By : Mohamed Fayed Mohamed Ali
Email : M10513fayed@gmail.com
THE MASS SPECTROSCOPY IS AN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE USED IN INDUSTRIES FOR ANALYSING THE THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF COMPOUND ALSO TO ODENTIFY THE STRUCTURE OF UNKNOWN COMPOUND.
Analytical Spectroscopic systems
Mass Spectrometry
Atomic mass to charge ratio
Laser Raman
Spectroscopy
Molecular vibrational modes
Laser Induced
Breakdown
Spectroscopy
Atomic emission
Visible Reflectance
Spectroscopy
Reflected color
Quadrupole and Time of Flight Mass analysers.Gagangowda58
Description about important mass analysers Quadrupole and TOF: Principle, Construction and Working, Advantages and Disadvantages and their Applications.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
2. MASS SPECTROMETRY
a powerful and versatile analytical tool for
obtaining information about the identity of an
unknown compound, its molecular mass, its
elemental composition, and in many cases, its
chemical structure.
3. 29A PRINCIPLES OF MASS
SPECTROMETRY
in the mass spectrometer, analyte molecules are
converted to ions by applying energy to them.
the ions formed are separated on the basis of their
mass-to-charge ratio (m/z)
and then directed to a transducer that converts the number
of ions (abundance) into an electrical signal.
the ions of different mass-to-charge ratios are directed to
the transducer sequentially by scanning or made to strike
a multichannel transducers simultaneously
4. 29A-1 ATOMIC MASSES
one unified atomic mass unit on this scale is equal to
1/12 the mass of neutral carbon atom.
atomic and molecular masses are usually expressed in
terms of the atomic mass scale, based on a specific
isotope of carbon.
the unified atomic mass is given the symbol (u).
one unified mass unit is commonly termed one
Dalton (Da).
5. 29A-2 MASS-TO-CHARGE RATIO (m/z) OF AN ION
is the quantity of most interest because the
mass spectrometer separates ions
according to this ratio.
6. 29B MASS SPECTROMETERS
is an instrument that produces ions, separates
them according to their m/z values, detects
them, and plots the mass spectrum. such
instruments vary widely in size, resolution,
flexibility, and cost.
8. Mass spectrometry MS video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-
wao0O0_qM&index=1&list=LLyKzvcAWJuLXMTUnqx31o4w
9. 29B-2 MASS ANALYZERS
COMMON MASS ANALYZERS FOR
MASS SPECTROMETRY
BASIC TYPE ANALYSIS PRINCIPLE
MAGNETIC SECTOR DEFLECTION OF IONS IN A MAGNETIC FIELD. ION TRAJECTORIES
DEPEND ON m/z value.
DOUBLE-FACING ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING FOLLOWED BY MAGNETIC FIELD
DEFLECTION. TRAJECTORIES DEPEND ON m/z values.
QUADRUPOLE ION MOTION IN dc AND RADIO-FREQUENCY FIELDS. ONLY CERTAIN
m/z VALUES ARE PASSED
ION TRAP STORAGE OF IONS IN SPACE DEFINED BY RING AND EEND CAP
ELECTRODES. ELECTRIC FIELD SEQUENTIALLY EJECTS IONS OF
INCREASING m/z VALUES.
ION CYCLOTRON
RESONANCE
TRAPPING OF IONS IN CUBIC CELL UNDER INFLUENCE OF
TRAPPING VOLTAGE AND MAGNETIC FIELD. ORBITAL FREQUENCY
RELATED INVERELY TO m/z VALUES.
TIME-OF-FLIGHT EQUAL KINETIC ENERGY IONS ENTER DRIFT TUBE. DRIFT VELOCITY
AND THUS ARRIVAL TIME AT THE DETECTOR DEPEND ON MASS.
10. RESOLUTION OF MASS
SPECTROMETERS
the capability of mass spectrometer to differentiate between
masses is usually stated in terms of its resolution, r which is
defined as
R=m/▲m
Where ▲m is the mass difference between two adjacent
peaks that are just resolved and m is the nominal mass of
the first peak (the mean mass of the two peaks is sometimes
used instead).
11. SECTOR ANALYZERS
in the magnetic sector analyzer, separation is based on the
deflection of ions in the magnetic field.
12. QUADRUPOLE MASS ANALYZERS
the quadrople mass analyzer consist of four cylindrical rods, as
illustrated in figure 29-3. quadrople analyzers are mass filters that only
allow ions of a certain mass-to-charge ratio to pass.
13. Quadrupole mass analyzer video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IowMQnI6Rxc
14. TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS ANALYZERS
the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer represents another
approach to mass analysis. in a TOF analyzer, a packet of ions with
nearly identical kinetic energies is rapidly sampled, and the ions
enter a field-free region.
15. 29B-3 TRANSDUCERS FOR MASS
SPECTROMETRY
several types of ion transducers are available for mass
spectrometry. the most common transducer is the electron
multiplier.
continuous-dynode electron multipliers are also
popular.
in addition to electron multiplier transducers, faraday cup
transducers and array transducers have become
available for mass spectrometry.
16. 29C ATOMIC MASS SPECTROMETRY
atomic mass spectrometry has been around for
many years, ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-
Mass Spectrometry) is widely used technique for
the simultaneous determination of over 70
elements in few minutes.
18. 29C-1 SOURCES FOR-ATOMIC MASS
SPECTROMETRY
in MS applications, the ICP serves as both an atomizer and an
ionizer. Solution samples maybe introduce by a conventional or
an ultrasonic nebulizer.
extracting ions from the plasma can present a major technical
problem in ICPMS. while an ICP operates atmospheric pressure.
mass spectrometer operates at high vacuum, typically less than
𝟏𝟎−𝟔 torr. The interface region consist of two metal cones, called
the sampler and the skimmer. Each cone has small orifice, 1mm
19. COMMON IONIZATION SOURCES FOR
ATOMIC MASS SPECTROMETRY
Name Acronym Atomic Ion Sources Typical Mass Analyzer
Inductively coupled
plasma
ICPMS High temp argon
plasma
Quadrupole
Direct current plasma DCPMS High temp argon
plasma
Quadrupole
Microwave-induced
plasma
MIPMS High temp argon
plasma
Quadrupole
Spark source SSMS Radio-frequency
electric spark
Double-focusing
Glow discharge GDMS Glow-discharge
plasma
Double-focusing
20. OTHER IONIZATION SOURCES FOR
ATOMIC MASS SPECTROMETRY
of the sources listed in table 29-2, the spark source
and the glow discharge have received the most
attention. spark source atomic mass spectrometry
(SSMS) was first introduce in the 1930’s as a
general tool for multi-element isotope trace
analyses.
21. 29C-2 ATOMIC MASS SPECTRA AND
INTERFERENCES
because the ICP source predominates in atomic
mass spectrometry, we focus our discussion on
ICPMS. the simplicity of ICPMS spectra, lead early
workers in the field to have hopes of an
“interference-free method.”
interference effects in atomic mass spectroscopy fall
in to two broad categories: spectroscopic
interferences and matrix interferences.
22. SPECTROSCOPIC INTERFERENCE
Occurs when an ionic species in the plasma has the
same m/z value as an analyte ion. Most is from
polyatomic ions, doubly charge ions, refractory
oxide ions.
High resolution spectrometers can reduce or
eliminate these interference.
23. MATRIX INTERFERENCE
Occurs when concentrations of matrix species exceed about 500 to
1000 µg/mL.
It causes reduction in the analyte signal.
Such effects can be minimized by diluting the sample, altering the
intro procedure and separating the interfering species.
24. 29D MOLECULAR MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Currently, mass spectrometry is being applied to the
determination of the structure of polypeptides,
proteins, and other high-molecular-mass
biopolymers.
26. MOLECULAR MASS SPECTRA
Results are displayed as spectra of the relative abundance of
detected ions as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. The
atoms or molecules in the sample can be identified by
correlating known masses to the identified masses or through
a characteristic fragmentation pattern.
A mass spectrum (plural spectra) is a plot of the ion signal as
a function of the mass-to-charge ratio.
27. 29D-2 ION SOURCES
BASIC TYPE NAME AND ACRONYM METHOD OF IONIZATION TYPE OF SPECTRA
GAS PHASE ELECTRON IMPACT (EI)
CHEMICAL IONIZATION (CI)
ENERGETIC ELECTRONS
REAGENT GASEOUS IONS
FRAGMENTATION PATTERNS
PROTON ADDUCTS, FEW
FRAGMENTS
DESORPTION FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT (FAB)
MATRIX ASSISTED LASER
DESORPTION/IONIZATION (MALDI)
ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION (ESI)
ENERGETIC ATOMIC BEAM
HIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS
ELECTRIC FIELD PRODUCES
CHARGED SPRAY WHICH
DESOLVATES
MOLECULAR IONS & FRAGMENTS
MOLECULAR IONS, MULTIPLY
CHARGED IONS
MULTIPLY CHARGED MOLECULAR
IONS
COMMON ION SOURCES FOR MOLECULAR MASS SPECTROMETRY
28. 29D-3 MOLECULAR MASS
SPECTROMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION
Molecular mass spectrometric instrumentation is similar with
atomic mass spectrometry.
29. MASS ANALYZERS
the quadrupole mass analyzer is commonly used
with GC/MS systems.
tandem mass spectrometry, also called mass
spectrometry-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) mented
ion to be obtained.
30. COMMON MASS ANALYZERS
FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
BASIC TYPE ANALYSIS PRINCIPLE
MAGNETIC SECTOR DEFLECTION OF IONS IN A MAGNETIC FIELD. ION TRAJECTORIES DEPEND ON
m/z value.
DOUBLE-FACING ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING FOLLOWED BY MAGNETIC FIELD DEFLECTION.
TRAJECTORIES DEPEND ON m/z values.
QUADRUPOLE ION MOTION IN dc AND RADIO-FREQUENCY FIELDS. ONLY CERTAIN m/z VALUES
ARE PASSED
ION TRAP STORAGE OF IONS IN SPACE DEFINED BY RING AND EEND CAP ELECTRODES.
ELECTRIC FIELD SEQUENTIALLY EJECTS IONS OF INCREASING m/z VALUES.
ION CYCLOTRON
RESONANCE
TRAPPING OF IONS IN CUBIC CELL UNDER INFLUENCE OF TRAPPING VOLTAGE
AND MAGNETIC FIELD. ORBITAL FREQUENCY RELATED INVERELY TO m/z
VALUES.
TIME-OF-FLIGHT EQUAL KINETIC ENERGY IONS ENTER DRIFT TUBE. DRIFT VELOCITY AND THUS
ARRIVAL TIME AT THE DETECTOR DEPEND ON MASS.
MASS ANALYZERS THAT ARE
USED IN MOLECULAR MASS
SPECTROMETRY
31. APPLICATIONS OF MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Mass spectrometry has both qualitative and quantitative uses.
These include identifying unknown compounds, determining the
isotopic composition of elements in a molecule, and determining the
structure of a compound by observing its fragmentation.
MS is now in very common use in analytical laboratories that study
physical, chemical, or biological properties of a great variety of
compounds.
32. APPLICATIONS
Determination of Morphine and Codeine in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry
Xiaoqian Zhang, Mengchun Chen, Gaozhong Cao, and Guoxin Hu
School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
Received 30 May 2013; Revised 22 August 2013; Accepted 28 August 2013
Academic Editor: Jianxiu Du
33. APPLICATIONS
Advances in structure elucidation of small molecules using
mass spectrometry
Tobias Kind and Oliver Fiehn
Genome Center–Metabolomics, University of California Davis,
Davis, CA 95616 USA
34. APPLICATIONS
Simultaneous Quantification of Methadone, Cocaine, Opiates, and
Metabolites in Human Placenta by Liquid Chromatography–Mass
Spectrometry
Ana de Castro, Marta Concheiro, Diaa M. Shakleya,and Marilyn A. Huestis,
Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National
Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
Forensic Toxicology Service, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of
Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela,
15782 Spain
35. APPLICATIONS
11-Nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol quantification in human
oral fluid by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Karl B. Scheidweiler, Sarah K. Himes, Xiaohong Chen, Hua-Fen Liu, and
Marilyn A. Huestis
Karl B. Scheidweiler, Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of
Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard Suite 200
Room 05A-721, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;