Marketing research involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to help companies address specific marketing problems. It follows a standard process: 1) define the problem, 2) develop a research plan outlining approaches and instruments for collecting information, and 3) gather, analyze, and present findings to aid decision making. Common market research methods include surveys, experiments, and focus groups. Questionnaires are a primary tool and must be designed carefully to obtain accurate responses. Samples of consumers or businesses are typically surveyed to represent the overall population.