This document discusses energy storage in urban multi-energy systems. It outlines electrical energy storage (EES) and thermal energy storage (TES), describing their various roles and technologies. EES can help integrate distributed generation and provide grid flexibility and ancillary services. TES allows decoupling of heat generation and use in district heating. Both are key to efficient multi-energy systems at urban scales. The document also briefly discusses power-to-fuels technologies that can store renewable energy as synthetic methane or hydrogen.
Bill Gould, CTO at SolarReserve, presented at the GW Solar Institute Symposium on April 19, 2010. For more information visit: solar.gwu.edu/Symposium.html
Indian experiences on Energye Efficiency in Steel Rolling Millseecfncci
Since the establishement of Bureau of Energy Efficiency in 2001 India has been implementing a lot of activities in energy-intensive sector. In Steel Rolling Mills with low-end and high-end technolgies considerable energy and cost sanvings can be achieved. The presentation was prepared in the Context of GIZ NEEP programm in Nepal in 2012.
Using the Ground for Thermal Energy Storage: The Experience of the Riverina H...Yale Carden
All buildings interact with the ground for its ability to support their foundations. However, very few buildings interact with the ground for its ability to provide thermal energy storage. We have all experienced the moderate temperatures within a cave at depths of just a few metres. These temperatures are a function of average annual air temperature and are the result of the ground absorbing and storing solar energy. The use of this indirect and renewable solar energy can provide significant energy savings for heating and cooling systems.
A Ground Heat Exchanger (GHX) provides the ability to utilise the ground for thermal energy storage, essentially transforming the ground into a thermal battery. It enables us to extract heat from it in winter (heat source) and return that heat in summer (heat sink). It is a dynamic thermal battery that operates both simultaneously and over the annual heating / cooling cycle.
This presentation will provide an overview of how the ground is being utilised for its thermal energy storage capabilities around the world, with focus on a local installation at the Tumut Council owned Riverina Highlands Building, located in Tumut NSW. The installation has provided Council with energy savings on heating and cooling of 80 %, reduced peak energy loads by 40%, reduced maintenance costs and, importantly, provided significantly higher levels of occupant comfort. This has also increased the capacity and effectiveness of the concurrently installed solar PV array and will ensure that future solar energy storage will have greater impact.
Energy Efficiency in Steel Rolling Mills of Nepaleecfncci
This presentation provides detailed information about energy saving opportunties in Steel and Metal industries in Nepal. It focusses on energy management issues in Steel Rolling Mills. Case studies are presentated to show how energy audit can lead to enormous cost savings. The findings are based on a GIZ baseline study conducted in 200 industries in 2012.
Combined Heat and Power is the simultaneous production of
electricity and heat using a single fuel such as natural gas. The heat produced from the electricity generation process is captured and used to produce steam or hot water that can then be used for industrial and commercial heating or cooling purposes, such as district energy systems. The dual output of CHP facility can make more efficient use of fuel than two separate facilities that each just produce just heat or electricity. Consequently a CHP facility can provide the same energy services with lower greenhouse gas emissions.
1/3/2016 Raising the temperature of the UK heat pump market: Learning lessons...Matthew Hannon
Heat pumps play a central role in decarbonising the UK's buildings sector as part of the Committee on Climate Change's (CCC) updated abatement scenario for meeting the UK's fourth carbon budget. However, the UK has one of the least developed heat pump markets in Europe and renewable heat output
from heat pumps will need to increase by a factor of 50 over the next 15 years to be in line with the scenario. Therefore, this paper explores what lessons the UK might learn from Finland to
achieve this aim considering that its current level of heat pump penetration is comparable with that outlined in the CCC scenario for 2030. Despite the two countries’ characteristic differences we argue they share sufficient similarities for the UK to usefully draw some policy-based lessons from Finland including: stimulating new-build construction and renovation of existing stock; incorporating renewable heat solutions in building energy performance standards; and bringing the cost of heat pumps in-line with gas fired heating via a combination of subsidies, taxes and energy RD&D. Finally, preliminary efforts to grow the heat pump market could usefully focus on properties unconnected to the gas-grid, considering these are typically heated by relatively expensive oil or electric heating technologies.
M.Sc. thesis: Techno-economic assessment of a power-to-gas system through dyn...Francesco Mangia
The aim of the thesis is a dynamic model able to describe a power-to-gas system, mainly composed by a SOEC stack (Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) and a methanation reactor. In this way it is possible to convert the electric energy surplus, from an existing italian wind farm (operating in the Day-Ahead-Market), in substitute natural gas (SNG). The employed modelling softwares are Dymola and Aspen Plus, and the final goal is the techno-economic analysis of the system.
Bill Gould, CTO at SolarReserve, presented at the GW Solar Institute Symposium on April 19, 2010. For more information visit: solar.gwu.edu/Symposium.html
Indian experiences on Energye Efficiency in Steel Rolling Millseecfncci
Since the establishement of Bureau of Energy Efficiency in 2001 India has been implementing a lot of activities in energy-intensive sector. In Steel Rolling Mills with low-end and high-end technolgies considerable energy and cost sanvings can be achieved. The presentation was prepared in the Context of GIZ NEEP programm in Nepal in 2012.
Using the Ground for Thermal Energy Storage: The Experience of the Riverina H...Yale Carden
All buildings interact with the ground for its ability to support their foundations. However, very few buildings interact with the ground for its ability to provide thermal energy storage. We have all experienced the moderate temperatures within a cave at depths of just a few metres. These temperatures are a function of average annual air temperature and are the result of the ground absorbing and storing solar energy. The use of this indirect and renewable solar energy can provide significant energy savings for heating and cooling systems.
A Ground Heat Exchanger (GHX) provides the ability to utilise the ground for thermal energy storage, essentially transforming the ground into a thermal battery. It enables us to extract heat from it in winter (heat source) and return that heat in summer (heat sink). It is a dynamic thermal battery that operates both simultaneously and over the annual heating / cooling cycle.
This presentation will provide an overview of how the ground is being utilised for its thermal energy storage capabilities around the world, with focus on a local installation at the Tumut Council owned Riverina Highlands Building, located in Tumut NSW. The installation has provided Council with energy savings on heating and cooling of 80 %, reduced peak energy loads by 40%, reduced maintenance costs and, importantly, provided significantly higher levels of occupant comfort. This has also increased the capacity and effectiveness of the concurrently installed solar PV array and will ensure that future solar energy storage will have greater impact.
Energy Efficiency in Steel Rolling Mills of Nepaleecfncci
This presentation provides detailed information about energy saving opportunties in Steel and Metal industries in Nepal. It focusses on energy management issues in Steel Rolling Mills. Case studies are presentated to show how energy audit can lead to enormous cost savings. The findings are based on a GIZ baseline study conducted in 200 industries in 2012.
Combined Heat and Power is the simultaneous production of
electricity and heat using a single fuel such as natural gas. The heat produced from the electricity generation process is captured and used to produce steam or hot water that can then be used for industrial and commercial heating or cooling purposes, such as district energy systems. The dual output of CHP facility can make more efficient use of fuel than two separate facilities that each just produce just heat or electricity. Consequently a CHP facility can provide the same energy services with lower greenhouse gas emissions.
1/3/2016 Raising the temperature of the UK heat pump market: Learning lessons...Matthew Hannon
Heat pumps play a central role in decarbonising the UK's buildings sector as part of the Committee on Climate Change's (CCC) updated abatement scenario for meeting the UK's fourth carbon budget. However, the UK has one of the least developed heat pump markets in Europe and renewable heat output
from heat pumps will need to increase by a factor of 50 over the next 15 years to be in line with the scenario. Therefore, this paper explores what lessons the UK might learn from Finland to
achieve this aim considering that its current level of heat pump penetration is comparable with that outlined in the CCC scenario for 2030. Despite the two countries’ characteristic differences we argue they share sufficient similarities for the UK to usefully draw some policy-based lessons from Finland including: stimulating new-build construction and renovation of existing stock; incorporating renewable heat solutions in building energy performance standards; and bringing the cost of heat pumps in-line with gas fired heating via a combination of subsidies, taxes and energy RD&D. Finally, preliminary efforts to grow the heat pump market could usefully focus on properties unconnected to the gas-grid, considering these are typically heated by relatively expensive oil or electric heating technologies.
M.Sc. thesis: Techno-economic assessment of a power-to-gas system through dyn...Francesco Mangia
The aim of the thesis is a dynamic model able to describe a power-to-gas system, mainly composed by a SOEC stack (Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) and a methanation reactor. In this way it is possible to convert the electric energy surplus, from an existing italian wind farm (operating in the Day-Ahead-Market), in substitute natural gas (SNG). The employed modelling softwares are Dymola and Aspen Plus, and the final goal is the techno-economic analysis of the system.
Introduction to Phase Change Materials #PSBPcomfortSu Butcher
Presentation by Ian Biggin – Director, Phase Energy Limited
More information: https://storify.com/subutcher/cost-effective-thermal-comfortsolutions-for-the-p
Concentrated Solar Power Technologies (CSP)swapnil_energy
Analysis of Concentrated solar power (CSP) or Solar Thermal (STH) technologies with focus on its technology assessment, financials, challenge areas and solar market scenario
Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power. This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.
On Thursday 19 November 2015, the British Embassy in Paris hosted a second trilateral workshop with French, German and British delegates from the research, government and business sectors to discuss the importance of energy storage.
HIGH TEMERATURE THERMAL ENERGY STOARAGE SYSTEM APPLICATIONSijiert bestjournal
Thermal energy storage (TES) includes a number of d ifferent technologies. Thermal energy can be stored at temperatures from -40�C to more than 400�C as sensi ble heat,latent heat and chemical energy (i.e. the rmo- chemical energy storage) using chemical reactions. Thermal energy storage in the form of sensible heat is based on the specific heat of a storage medium,whi ch is usually kept in storage tanks with high therm al insulation. The most popular and commercial heat st orage medium is water,which has a number of reside ntial and industrial applications. Underground storage of sensible heat in both liquid and solid media is al so used for typically large-scale applications. However,TES sy stems based on sensible heat storage offer a storag e capacity that is limited by the specific heat of th e storage medium. Phase change materials (PCMs) can offer a higher storage capacity that is associated with the latent heat of the phase change. PCMs also enable a target- oriented discharging temperature that is set by the constant temperature of the phase change. Thermo-c hemical storage (TCS) can offer even higher storage capacit ies. Thermo-chemical reactions (e.g. adsorption or the adhesion of a substance to the surface of another s olid or liquid) can be used to accumulate and disch arge heat and cold on demand (also regulating humidity) in a variety of applications using different chemical re actants. At present,
REVIEW OF THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONSijiert bestjournal
Nowadays,the worldwide worry about a global climat e change pushes to develop new energetic strategies. And more,after the recent energetic cr isis due to the increase of oil price,or the gas crisis arisen between Russia and Ukraine This paper reviews the Thermal energy storage systems which have the potential for increasing the effecti ve use of thermal energy equipment and for facilitating large-scale switching. They are normal ly useful for correcting the mismatch between the supply and demand of energy. There are different me thods in thermal storage systems.
Presentation: Energy system needs to change - but how? at Wind Finland seminar 10 Oct 2018 by Karoliina Auvinen, Aalto University / Smart Energy Transition project
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
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Keeping our cities sustainably warm - Inspiring the Efficient Renewal of District Heating for the Just Transition
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
KeepWarm Conference, November 12, 2020, Brussels - Online
Holistic District Heating Grid Design with SimulationX & Green CitySimulationX
Buildings are central elements of future smart grids. Heating and cooling demand are predictable within reason, building mass as well as heating and hot water systems provide inherent storage capacity. Additionally, the fluctuation between peak and average power of a building is much more friendly to the grid than of other network nodes like wind power or electric mobility.
A local heating grid partially supplied by renewable solar heat is currently being built in a town in Bavaria. Heat pump systems provide additional storage capacity for electric grid surplus while they serve as wind energy dump for the local utility company. Cogeneration plants and peak-power boilers provide heat and power in times of low energy coverage. The low temperature heating grid supplies decentral heat pumps, which provide required heat at a much higher temperature level to each building.
The paper describes basic modeling aspects for district heating grids with SimulationX & Green City. An interesting solar-aided grid example helps to identify benefits of a new modeling approach.
Muireann Lynch delivered this presentation at a joint ESRI-UCD conference tilted 'Energy research to enable climate change mitigation' on 17 September.
Photos from the conference are available to view on the ESRI website here: https://www.esri.ie/events/esri-ucd-conference-energy-research-to-enable-climate-change-mitigation
This presentation outlines the different storage technology options available to cope up with the intermittent nature of the Renewable energy like wind and solar.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...
Energy storage in urban multi-energy systems | Marco Carlo Masoero
1. Energy storage in urban
multi-energy systems
Prof. Marco Carlo Masoero
ICARB Workshop: Energy Storage for the Built Environment
Edinburgh, 21st October 2014
2. Outline of the presentation
Electrical Energy Storage (EES)
The role of EES
The technical parameters
Electric Energy Storage systems typology
Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
Purpose of TES in Energy Plants
Technologies
Short-term (daily) vs Long-term (seasonal) storage
Applications: District Heating and Cooling
Power-to-Fuels
Conclusions
209/01/2015
Energystorageinurbanmulti-energysystems
3. The role of Electric Energy Storage I
3
Distributed generation
development by renewables
More efficient use of HV and MV
power grids
Smart Grid in support to Local
Energy Communities
Higher flexibility to rapidly respond
to variable load demand
09/01/2015
Generation Transmission Distribution End User
ElectricEnergyStorage
4. 09/01/2015
Ancillary services:
Primary regulation f/P
Secondary regulation
Tertiary regulation
Reactive power regulation
Black-start
Load rejection
Remote disconnection service
Load interruption
4
The role of Electric Energy Storage II
Generation Transmission Distribution End User
ElectricEnergyStorage
5. 09/01/2015 5
EES could represent a feasible solution to dealing
with several aspects:
Secondary and tertiary regulation
Over voltage
Reverse power flows
Resolution of congestions storage of energy in
excess at peak-hours
The role of Electric Energy Storage III
ElectricEnergyStorage
6. 09/01/2015 6
EES could represent a feasible solution to dealing
with several aspects:
Line capacity investment deferral: EES discharges at
peak times and charges at off-peak times
Peak shaving long discharge/charge times
Power quality short discharge/charge times
Reduction of the resistive line losses
Provision of ancillary services:
balancing energy
Rotary reserve
Substitutive reserve
frequency regulation
• in normal power grid condition
• in islanding working mode
The role of Electric Energy Storage IV
ElectricEnergyStorage
7. 09/01/2015 7
EES could represent a feasible solution to dealing
with several aspects:
control system and power quality improvement
• Dip voltage and over/under-voltage
• Frequency variations
• Low power factor
• Harmonic distortion
support service to voltage control
• instead of capacitor banks, EES can compensate for
voltage drop
provision of black-start services
• overall blackout
The role of Electric Energy Storage V
ElectricEnergyStorage
8. 09/01/2015 8
Source: Eurelectric, Decentralised storage: impact on future distribution grids, 2012
The role of Electric Energy Storage VI
ElectricEnergyStorage
10. 09/01/2015 10
EES systems are defined by the following technical
parameters:
• Specific energy (kWh/kg) or energy density (kWh/m3)
• Specific power (kW/kg) or power density (kW/m3)
• Efficiency
• Number of cycles
• Useful life
• Charge/discharge times (h)
• Ramp rate (s)
• Specific costs (€/kWh or €/kW)
• Maturity
The technical parameters I
ElectricEnergyStorage
11. 09/01/2015 11
Mainly the electrochemical EES are also defined by
the following parameters:
• Memory effect
• Charge/discharge velocity
• Depth of discharge
• Self discharge
The technical parameters II
ElectricEnergyStorage
12. 09/01/2015 12
Energy intensive: Availability to store large amounts of energy
Power Intensive: Ability to deliver / absorb great amount of
power in short time
Source: EPRI, Electric Energy Storage Technology Options: A White
Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits, 2012
Energy and Power Intensity
ElectricEnergyStorage
13. 09/01/2015 13
• Mechanical energy:
• Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)
• Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
• Flywheels
• Electromagnetic and electrostatic energy:
• Electric Double Layer Capacitors - EDLC
• Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage – SMES
• Chemical energy (hydrogen vector):
• Compression
• Liquefaction
• Chemi-sorption
• Physi-sorption
• Thermal energy:
• Molten salt
• Liquefied Air Energy Storage (LAES)
• Phase Change Materials
Electric Energy Storage systems typology
ElectricEnergyStorage
14. Storage in potential energy
convenience:
𝑃 𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑃 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
≥ 1.4
More than 99% of EES
Difficulty of installation
Storage in compressed air
Integration with thermal power
plants
Difficulty of installation
14
PHS
CAES
09/01/2015
Mechanical energy EES I
ElectricEnergyStorage
15. Storage in kinetic energy
Angular speed 60.000-100.000 rpm
High energy density
Rapid ramp rate
High efficiency (90-95%)
High self-discharge
15
Flywheels
09/01/2015
Mechanical energy EES II
Chemical energy (H2 storage)
Compressed gas: 200-700 bar
Liquid H2: -253 °C
Chemi-sorption: Metal hydrides
Physi-sorption
Power to Gas: EC + H2 + FC
ElectricEnergyStorage
16. Storage in electric field
Specific energy: 1 ÷ 5 Wh/kg
Specific power: 100 ÷ 2.000 W/kg
High number of charge/discharge
cycles
Storage in magnetic field
Superconductors between 4÷100 K
Rapid ramp rate (20 ms)
High specific power
High efficiency (>97%)
16
EDLC
SMES
09/01/2015
Electric energy EES I
ElectricEnergyStorage
17. Li-ions: high specific power and
efficiency
Lead Acid: high specific power, low
energy density. Mature
Ni-Cd: high number of cycles.
Environmental risk
ZEBRA: high specific power and
efficiency. High temperature
Na/S: high number of cycles
Ni-MH: high specific power, low
energy density
Flux: Vanadium RedOx, Zn-Br
17
Electrochemical batteries
09/01/2015
Electrochemical energy EES I
ElectricEnergyStorage
18. Purpose of Thermal Energy Storage in
Energy Plants
The use of thermal storage systems in energy plants can have multiple
purposes:
1. Increase the stability in short term operation of the plants (e.g. load
variation in heat pump systems)
2. Reduce the use auxiliary boilers (e.g. in district heating)
3. Shift the heat production through CHP to periods where the electricity
production is more convenient (in the case of backpressure plants or
internal combustion engines) or less convenient (in the case of
extraction plants)
4. Increase the use of renewable primary resources (e.g. solar thermal
systems)
All these have in common the decoupling between heat generation and
utilization.
ThermalEnergyStorage
09/01/2015 18
22. 09/01/2015 22
Technologies: Embedded Systems
In Thermally Activated Building Systems (TABS) the
thermal capacity of the building is enhanced by the
installation of water pipes within the slabs.
ThermalEnergyStorage
23. 09/01/2015 23
Technologies: Embedded Systems
Phase Change Materials (PCM) can be installed within
structural elements of buildings (typically walls).
Their fusion temperature being around 25°C, their phase
(liquid/solid) changes in a temperature range that is practical
for normal building uses and allows to store/release thermal
energy
ThermalEnergyStorage
24. 09/01/2015 24
District Heating (DH) Networks
Total Heat Load results from the aggregation of
multiple users
Need of adapting the heat demand side with the
heat supply side along the day
Need of operation optimization for different
generation units (e.g. CHP, boilers, heat pumps,
solar collectors)
ThermalEnergyStorage
25. 09/01/2015 25
The role of Thermal Storage:
Decoupling Supply and Demand
Supply Side Demand Side
DH systems have to match the user demand, as a result it is
difficult to optimize CHP size and operation
ThermalEnergyStorage
26. Current District Heating Network in Turin
As of 31-12-2012:
• largest DH system in Italy
• 53,4 Mm3 supplied buildings
(88 Mm3 in future planning)
• 1.89 TWh heat supplied
• 467 km grid length
• 1.77 GW peak heat
generation
• 1.14 GW of power (CHP)
2609/01/2015
ThermalEnergyStorage
29. 09/01/2015 29
The role of Thermal Storage:
Turin DH daily profiles
January
April
July
Daily peaks
ThermalEnergyStorage
30. 09/01/2015
The role of Thermal Storage:
Decoupling Supply and Demand
Turin Politecnico:
Re-Heating and Pumping
Plant with 2.500 m3 storage
North Turin:
Combined Cycle
Cogeneration Plant
with 5000 m3 storage
ThermalEnergyStorage
31. 09/01/2015 31
Heat storage systems behaviour
Storage
Unload
Storage
Load
Heat storage systems
CHP units
Boilers
DH system of Turin
ThermalEnergyStorage
32. 09/01/2015 32
Heat storage systems behaviour
Heat Storage SystemsCHP UnitsBoilers
The heat storage
allows to increase
the utilization factor
of CHP units
DH system of Turin
ThermalEnergyStorage
33. 09/01/2015 33
Biomass DH System Configurations
CHPBoilers +Boilers only
Heat storage
systems
+
CHP
Boilers
+
Hours
HeatLoad
Hours
HeatLoad
Hours
HeatLoad
ThermalEnergyStorage
34. 09/01/2015 34
Biomass DH System Simulation
The heat storage helps to increase the overall efficiency of the system
ThermalEnergyStorage
35. 09/01/2015 35
Biomass DH System Simulation
• The heat storage systems move and lower the optimum pay back time.
• The incentives change the convenience of installing heat storage systems.
Best PBT
ThermalEnergyStorage
37. District cooling- Paris Centre
ThermalEnergyStorage
09/01/2015 37
Water cooled Air cooled Total energy storage: 140 MWh
38. Outine: Power-to-Fuels
09/01/2015 38
ENERGY CONTEXT: THE NEEDS:
1. Large size storage of RES: storage in forms of chemicals
2. Chemicals that can have interest for the energy sector: existing distribution
and utilization infrastructure; several final users (e.g. stationary systems,
automotive, etc.)
3. Chemicals as CO2 sink
A POSSIBLE SOLUTION: GREEN FUELS
One option for fast and sustainable storage is the production of gaseous fuels to
be fed in the distribution grid: those fuels could be produced by means of
electrolysis processes and thus converted into synthetic methane to be fed into
the existing distribution infrastructure.
PROS
1. conversion of relevant amount of renewable sources from “flow” to “stock”
2. chemical fixing of carbon recycled from CO2
3. easy utilization of synthetic methane into existing energy infrastructure
(distribution and final uses)
Power-to-Fuels
40. GAS DISTRIBUTION GRID
ELECTRIC GRID
Electrolysis
Low-priced
surplus electricity
H2
Methanation
CH4
CO2
Biomass, biogas, industry,
CCS
Up to 5% in CNG
Mobility (road
transportation)
Gas-to-power
Power-to-gas
H2
Wind, solar,
nuclear
H2/syngas
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Power-to-Fuels
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Conclusions
Energy storage is a key issue in any multi-energy
system applied at the urban scale
Integration of distributed generation should
compete with quality standard warranty
The role played by EES will be fundamental to shift
towards a smart grid concept
TES is essential for an efficient integration of
thermal energy production and distribution, using
both fossil and renewable sources
The choice to install a certain typology of storage
system depends on the application desired
Conclusions