This study characterized the spatial variability of physical-water attributes in an Oxisol soil under sugarcane cultivation in Ceres, Goiás, Brazil. Soil samples were collected on a grid and analyzed for granulometry, density, porosity, moisture content, and water availability. Geostatistical analysis showed moderate to strong spatial dependence for the attributes. Spatial maps created through kriging showed two distinct management zones based on total water availability. The soil was found to have low water retention in the plant-available range.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to estimate soil attributes of Brazilian wet...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The study of soils and characterization of its attributes are continually evolving, however, for the condition of wetlands, such information is still scarce and poorly distributed. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize spectrally the soils of a wetland area. On the study area were collected georeferenced soil samples and sent for chemical and physical analysis routine and then subjected to spectral evaluation. Were identified seven soil classes with hydromorphic characteristics in their spectral curves? The information contained in these curves then led the development of equations for soil attributes. Sand was the physical attribute of a better correlation with laboratory data and Cationic Exchange Capacity (CEC), the chemical attributes that showed better results.
Efficiency and Capability of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information ...nitinrane33
In this review paper, the potential of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) for sustainable groundwater management and development is explored. Recent literature on the use of RS and GIS in groundwater resource management is analyzed, evaluating the efficiency and capability of these technologies throughout various stages of groundwater management. Challenges and limitations associated with their use are also highlighted, with potential solutions proposed to overcome them. Ultimately, the review concludes that RS and GIS are powerful tools for sustainable groundwater management and development, with significant benefits in terms of cost-effectiveness, accuracy, and time-efficiency. However, more research is needed to improve their integration in groundwater management and address current limitations. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into the potential of RS and GIS in sustainable groundwater management and development.
Mapping spatial variability of soil physical properties for site-specific man...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the spatial variability of soil physical properties in an agricultural field in Ghana. Soil samples were collected from 80 points across the field in surface and subsurface layers. Descriptive statistics and geostatistical analyses were used to describe the variation and spatial distribution patterns of properties like particle size, moisture content, bulk density, and aggregate stability. The results showed variations in properties within and between layers due to factors like past land use and soil management. Spatial distribution maps created using kriging interpolation helped delineate management zones for site-specific soil management.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document presents a study that evaluated soil quality impacts from a reservoir in Andhra Pradesh, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Soil samples were collected from 24 locations near the Tandava Reservoir and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. Spatial distribution maps of soil quality parameters like bulk density, moisture content, organic matter, pH, EC, nutrients, and a Soil Quality Index (SQI) were generated in a GIS. The SQI analysis found that 41.65% of samples were of good quality, 24% were average, and 33.36% were poor. Soil quality was generally better upstream than downstream of the reservoir, and some parameters like organic matter and nutrients were within permissible limits across the
[International agrophysics] ground penetrating radar for underground sensing ...Minal Ghugal
This document reviews the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for underground sensing in agriculture. GPR provides non-invasive measurements of belowground properties and has been used to measure soil characteristics like moisture, texture, and compaction. While GPR has been widely used to detect coarse tree roots, measuring individual crop roots directly is difficult but GPR can detect root cohorts within a soil volume. GPR also shows potential for indirectly estimating root development by sensing related soil properties and coupling with soil water models. Further advances rely on integrating knowledge across disciplines to adapt GPR for agricultural management needs.
Delineation of Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones Using Geo- Spatial TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that used geospatial techniques to delineate groundwater recharge potential zones in a 120 square kilometer watershed area in Pune district, Maharashtra, India. The researchers created thematic layers for geomorphology, soil, land use/land cover, slope, drainage density and rainfall from satellite imagery and topographic maps. These layers were assigned weights and ranks based on their influence on groundwater occurrence and movement. A multi-criteria analysis was performed in GIS to integrate the thematic layers and generate a map showing zones of good, moderate and poor groundwater recharge potential. The results were verified against field conditions and it was concluded that the geospatial approach provided an efficient, low-cost
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to estimate soil attributes of Brazilian wet...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The study of soils and characterization of its attributes are continually evolving, however, for the condition of wetlands, such information is still scarce and poorly distributed. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize spectrally the soils of a wetland area. On the study area were collected georeferenced soil samples and sent for chemical and physical analysis routine and then subjected to spectral evaluation. Were identified seven soil classes with hydromorphic characteristics in their spectral curves? The information contained in these curves then led the development of equations for soil attributes. Sand was the physical attribute of a better correlation with laboratory data and Cationic Exchange Capacity (CEC), the chemical attributes that showed better results.
Efficiency and Capability of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information ...nitinrane33
In this review paper, the potential of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) for sustainable groundwater management and development is explored. Recent literature on the use of RS and GIS in groundwater resource management is analyzed, evaluating the efficiency and capability of these technologies throughout various stages of groundwater management. Challenges and limitations associated with their use are also highlighted, with potential solutions proposed to overcome them. Ultimately, the review concludes that RS and GIS are powerful tools for sustainable groundwater management and development, with significant benefits in terms of cost-effectiveness, accuracy, and time-efficiency. However, more research is needed to improve their integration in groundwater management and address current limitations. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into the potential of RS and GIS in sustainable groundwater management and development.
Mapping spatial variability of soil physical properties for site-specific man...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the spatial variability of soil physical properties in an agricultural field in Ghana. Soil samples were collected from 80 points across the field in surface and subsurface layers. Descriptive statistics and geostatistical analyses were used to describe the variation and spatial distribution patterns of properties like particle size, moisture content, bulk density, and aggregate stability. The results showed variations in properties within and between layers due to factors like past land use and soil management. Spatial distribution maps created using kriging interpolation helped delineate management zones for site-specific soil management.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document presents a study that evaluated soil quality impacts from a reservoir in Andhra Pradesh, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Soil samples were collected from 24 locations near the Tandava Reservoir and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. Spatial distribution maps of soil quality parameters like bulk density, moisture content, organic matter, pH, EC, nutrients, and a Soil Quality Index (SQI) were generated in a GIS. The SQI analysis found that 41.65% of samples were of good quality, 24% were average, and 33.36% were poor. Soil quality was generally better upstream than downstream of the reservoir, and some parameters like organic matter and nutrients were within permissible limits across the
[International agrophysics] ground penetrating radar for underground sensing ...Minal Ghugal
This document reviews the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for underground sensing in agriculture. GPR provides non-invasive measurements of belowground properties and has been used to measure soil characteristics like moisture, texture, and compaction. While GPR has been widely used to detect coarse tree roots, measuring individual crop roots directly is difficult but GPR can detect root cohorts within a soil volume. GPR also shows potential for indirectly estimating root development by sensing related soil properties and coupling with soil water models. Further advances rely on integrating knowledge across disciplines to adapt GPR for agricultural management needs.
Delineation of Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones Using Geo- Spatial TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that used geospatial techniques to delineate groundwater recharge potential zones in a 120 square kilometer watershed area in Pune district, Maharashtra, India. The researchers created thematic layers for geomorphology, soil, land use/land cover, slope, drainage density and rainfall from satellite imagery and topographic maps. These layers were assigned weights and ranks based on their influence on groundwater occurrence and movement. A multi-criteria analysis was performed in GIS to integrate the thematic layers and generate a map showing zones of good, moderate and poor groundwater recharge potential. The results were verified against field conditions and it was concluded that the geospatial approach provided an efficient, low-cost
Watershed management: Role of Geospatial Technologyamritpaldigra30
Watershed management is the study of the relevant characteristics of a watershed which is done to enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal and human or other living communities within the watershed boundary.
This PPT dscribes the Role of Geospatial Technology in Watershed Management
Role of agroinformatics in watershed managementshashi bijapure
This document summarizes the role of agro-informatics in watershed management. It discusses how watershed management involves implementing land and water practices to protect water quality within a watershed. Key steps include delineation, prioritization, action planning, implementation, monitoring, and impact assessment. Information technologies like GPS, remote sensing, and GIS are important tools. Remote sensing helps with mapping and NDVI analysis. GIS allows integration and analysis of spatial data. Several case studies from India demonstrate how remote sensing and GIS were used to assess land use changes, drought impacts, and conduct land evaluations after watershed development projects.
Barrios-Perez, et al. determination of suitable agro-climatic areas for the i...Camilo Barrios Perez
The methodology used for Colombia Suitability Maps was developed by Nelson et al., 2015 (IRRI). These maps were part of the CCAC (Climate & Clean Air Coalition) Paddy Rice project, funded by UNEP, which was conducted simultaneously in Vietnam, Bangladesh and Colombia.
The total rice area in Colombia during the first semester is 171,466.7 has, from which 40,684 has (26%) are classified as moderately and highly suitable for the implementation of AWD. On the other hand, the total area in the second semester is 163,610 has, from which 42,738.2 has (26%) are considered high and moderate. It is to be noted that after completing the study about the irrigation districts, the area suitable for AWD could be increased.
In the following link, you can read more information related to this research:
http://blog.ciat.cgiar.org/more_tools_for_colombian_rice_producers_to_face_climate_challenges_by_2030/
Physically Based Runoff and Sediment Modelling of Rawal WatershedIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used the SHETRAN model to simulate flow and sediment yield from the Rawal Watershed in Pakistan. The model was calibrated using available monthly flow data and sediment data generated from the flow-sediment relationship, yielding good results. The calibrated model was then used to analyze the impact of land use (vegetation) on sediment yield. The results confirmed that SHETRAN is a reliable tool for catchment sediment modeling and simulation of different land uses. Increasing the forest area in the catchment could help decrease sediment yield.
Remote Sensing and GIS for Coastal ManagementAnujSharma815
This document discusses the application of remote sensing and GIS for coastal management. Remote sensing uses sensors to acquire data about Earth without direct contact, and can provide data at global, regional, and local scales. GIS integrates location data with descriptive information to help users understand patterns and relationships. Combining remote sensing data with GIS and models improves coastal monitoring and allows testing of management scenarios. Together, remote sensing and GIS provide powerful tools for coastal zone management by facilitating data sharing, analysis, and decision making.
“Cadastral Maps for Socio-Economic Data Visualization and Integration for Lan...irjes
The impact of mining and mineral extraction activities can be significant on the surrounding land,
water and air bodies, in any operational area. The environmental degradation ranges from localized surface and
ground water contamination to the damaging effects of airborne pollutants on the regional ecosystem; which
need the properly designed geospatial database. The monitoring of these environmental impacts requires a userfriendly
and cost effective method to quantify the land cover changes over large time periods. Now-a-days, it
has become compulsory to use the remote sensing techniques for regular monitoring of these environmental
hazards in-and-around the mining areas using cadastral map. This paper provides a case study on the use of
geospatial techniques for environmental monitoring in the mining areas.
This study assessed the effect of different agricultural land-use systems on soil structural quality in São Miguel do Iguaçu, Brazil using the rapid soil structure diagnostic (DRES) method. Five systems were evaluated: 1) permanent preservation area (PPA), 2) pastureland (PAST), 3) no-tillage system (NTS), 4) minimum tillage system (MTS), and 5) conventional tillage system (CTS). Samples were taken from each system and analyzed using DRES. The NTS system had the best soil structural quality indexes compared to PAST, MTS, and CTS systems. PPA did not differ from NTS and PAST. PAST was similar to
Evaluation of Groundwater Resource Potential using GIS and Remote Sensing App...IJERA Editor
Environment and Development are the two wheels of the cart. However, they become antagonists at some
points. It has been witnessed many a times that development is done at the cost of environment. Analysis and
assessment tools like GIS along with Remote Sensing have proved to be very efficient and effective and hence
useful for management of natural resources. Groundwater is a precious resource of limited extent. In order to
ensure a judicious use of groundwater, proper evaluation is required. There is an urgent need of planned and
optimal development of water resources. An appropriate strategy is required to develop water resources with
planning based on conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources. Integrated remote sensing and GIS
can provide the appropriate platform for convergent analysis of diverse data sets for decision making in
groundwater management and planning. Sustainable water resources development and management necessarily
depends on proper planning, implementation, operation and maintenance. The interpretation of remote sensing
data in conjunction with conventional data and sufficient ground truth information makes it possible to identify
and outline various ground features such as geological structures, geomorphic features and their hydrologic
characters that may serve as direct or indirect indicators of the presence of ground and surface water. Remotely
sensed data provides unbiased information on geology, geomorphology, structural pattern and recharging
conditions, which logically define the groundwater regime of an area. Groundwater resource potential has been
evaluated in Pulivendula-Sanivaripalli, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and
Geographic information system. Under this study, three thematic maps viz. Geological map (Lithology and
Structure), Geomorphological map and Hydro morphological maps were prepared. These thematic maps have
been integrated with the help of GIS. Appropriate weightage has been assigned to various factors controlling
occurrence of groundwater to assess the groundwater potential in each segment of the study area. The area has
been classified into high potential, moderate potential, low potential and non-potential zones landforms ground
water development on the basis of hydromorphological studies. Some of the favorable locations have been
suggested to impound the excessive run off so as to augment the ground water resources of the area.
Evaluation of Groundwater Resource Potential using GIS and Remote Sensing App...IJERA Editor
Environment and Development are the two wheels of the cart. However, they become antagonists at some
points. It has been witnessed many a times that development is done at the cost of environment. Analysis and
assessment tools like GIS along with Remote Sensing have proved to be very efficient and effective and hence
useful for management of natural resources. Groundwater is a precious resource of limited extent. In order to
ensure a judicious use of groundwater, proper evaluation is required. There is an urgent need of planned and
optimal development of water resources. An appropriate strategy is required to develop water resources with
planning based on conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources. Integrated remote sensing and GIS
can provide the appropriate platform for convergent analysis of diverse data sets for decision making in
groundwater management and planning. Sustainable water resources development and management necessarily
depends on proper planning, implementation, operation and maintenance. The interpretation of remote sensing
data in conjunction with conventional data and sufficient ground truth information makes it possible to identify
and outline various ground features such as geological structures, geomorphic features and their hydrologic
characters that may serve as direct or indirect indicators of the presence of ground and surface water. Remotely
sensed data provides unbiased information on geology, geomorphology, structural pattern and recharging
conditions, which logically define the groundwater regime of an area. Groundwater resource potential has been
evaluated in Pulivendula-Sanivaripalli, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and
Geographic information system. Under this study, three thematic maps viz. Geological map (Lithology and
Structure), Geomorphological map and Hydro morphological maps were prepared. These thematic maps have
been integrated with the help of GIS. Appropriate weightage has been assigned to various factors controlling
occurrence of groundwater to assess the groundwater potential in each segment of the study area. The area has
been classified into high potential, moderate potential, low potential and non-potential zones landforms ground
water development on the basis of hydromorphological studies. Some of the favorable locations have been
suggested to impound the excessive run off so as to augment the ground water resources of the area.
Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A ReviewIJERA Editor
Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, which supports human health, economic
development and ecological diversity. Due to over exploitation, the ground water systems are affected and
require management to maintain the conditions of ground water resources within acceptable limits. With the
development of computers and advances in information technology, efficient techniques for water management
has evolved. The main intent of the paper is to present a comprehensive review on application of GIS
(Geographic Information System) followed by coupling with MODFLOW package for ground water
management and development. Two major areas are discussed stating GIS applications in ground water
hydrology. (i) GIS based subsurface flow and pollution modelling (ii) Selection of artificial recharge sites.
Although the use of these techniques in groundwater studies has rapidly increased since last decade the sucess
rate is very limited. Based on this review , it is concluded that integation of GIS and MODFLOW have great
potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of vital ground water resources in the future.
Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A ReviewIJERA Editor
This document provides a review of using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the MODFLOW groundwater modeling package together for groundwater management and modeling applications. It discusses two main areas of application: (1) GIS-based subsurface flow and pollution modeling, including several case studies that developed groundwater models using GIS for input data management and output visualization; and (2) using GIS techniques to select sites for artificial groundwater recharge. The document concludes that integrating GIS with MODFLOW has great potential to improve groundwater monitoring and management in the future.
T6 lutfi qasem remote sensing and gis applications executive summaryNENAwaterscarcity
This document discusses a study that used remote sensing and GIS applications to classify soils in the Upper Wadi Rasyan Catchment Area of Taiz Governorate, Yemen. Soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed to produce a soil map of the study area. GIS was used to digitize maps and overlay remote sensing data, which helped complete the work more efficiently. The soil was classified according to the USDA soil taxonomy system and five main soil orders were identified. The soil survey provides a foundation for land use planning and management by describing the characteristics, limitations, and potential uses of the different soil types in the study area.
This document summarizes the application of a structure-index technique to evaluate soil structure degradation in clay soils in the Nile Delta region of Egypt. The technique involves treating soil aggregates with alcohol, water, and benzene to assess stability. Structure index values from 2-12 were observed across 14 soil profiles, with higher values indicating poorer structure. Structure degradation was found in bottom layers of half the profiles. Linear relationships were observed between structure index and electrical conductivity/sodium percentage, indicating early structure degradation with increasing salinity. The newly proposed index provides a simple way to rapidly assess soil structure changes across profiles and its relation to other soil properties.
1) The study aimed to establish a baseline for monitoring land health over time in Cameroon, describe patterns of land degradation, and identify implications for sustainable agricultural intensification.
2) Soil samples were collected from smallholder farms using a stratified random sampling method and analyzed using laboratory and spectroscopic methods. Textural and carbon content analyses showed potential to support intensification, though slopes were steep in places.
3) Limitations including high acidity and erosion risk on slopes will require interventions like liming and conservation to enable sustainable intensification.
Analysis of Sand Dunes Accumulation using Remote Sensing and GISijtsrd
Sand dunes is one of desertification phenomenon that hinder land resources and human activities. It threaten to bury human settlement, roads, farms, water and other resources. Due to many environmental and climate conditions, there are many places around the world suffering from sand movement and mobile dune creep onto cultivated land and human settlements. Sand dunes have a fragile environment where, instability with a series of changes lead to a system not in equilibrium with its surroundings within an arid and hyper arid climates changes. These changes usually characterized by increase of evaporation and long periods of dryness, very low rainfall and vegetation. The aim of this research work is to apply remote sensing and GIS techniques to monitor and analyze sand dunes accumulation in the northern part of Sudan. Three successive satellite images acquired in different dates were used as the main source of data in this research work. A digital elevation model was also needed for topographic analysis. GIS was used to analyze output remote sensing data. Results, reflected that, sand dines accumulated during the last years and its accumulation in progress by 0.4 every year. Moreover, 50 of the study area is expected to be covered by sand dunes after less than 20 years. From topographic point of view, sand dune heights reached be 20m. These results present clear indicators of desertification that faces the study area. Dr. Abdelrahim Elhag | Dr. Nagi Zomrawi | Sahar Khidir "Analysis of Sand Dunes Accumulation using Remote Sensing and GIS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29507.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/29507/analysis-of-sand-dunes-accumulation-using-remote-sensing-and-gis/dr-abdelrahim-elhag
A knowledge-based model for identifying and mapping tropical wetlands and pea...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Thomas Gumbricht, from Center for International Forestry Research – Indonesia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Assessment of Check Dam and Spillways Technologies as soil erosion measures i...Open Access Research Paper
Soil erosion affects the performance of crops and the livelihood of farming families in rain-fed areas. Technologies like check dams and spillways are effective measures for controlling soil erosion. These technologies are comparatively low in cost and easy to construct than conventional brick masonry structures. The study analyzes cost-benefit, carry outs feasibility assessments and projects the potential impact of these technologies in rain-fed areas of district Dera Ismail Khan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. In the study area, soil erosion is caused by monsoon rains, mainly in the months of July and August. Sampled adopter farmers of these technologies brought one-fourth of their operational land under irrigation with the adoption of these technologies. This has almost doubled the productivity of wheat, enhanced that of chickpea and mustard crops by 66% and 21%, respectively. In the second year of adoption, benefit-cost ratios of check dam and spillways technologies are 5.68 and 7.01 respectively. Adoption of these moisture saving technologies help farmers’ to diversify cropping patterns by planting vegetables, fruit and forest plants. Fish farming can further add to economic benefits for the farmers. As per rough estimates of the farmers, these technologies can be adopted on about ten thousand acres in the study area. Farmers in the area are resource-poor and might not afford to adopt these technologies on a large scale. Effective awareness, provision of technical services and ease in access to finances can result in large-scale adoption of these technologies.
Assessing the importance of geo hydrological data acquisition in the developm...Alexander Decker
The document discusses two groundwater flow models developed for Lagos, Nigeria and Birmingham, UK. The Birmingham model had extensive geo-hydrological data including geology, groundwater levels, recharge rates, abstraction data, and aquifer parameters obtained from field tests. This allowed for detailed discretization, calibration, and reliable predictive capabilities. The Lagos model had limited data, requiring interpolation and extrapolation. It had coarse discretization and assumed parameters. This greatly limited its reliability and predictive ability. The document recommends improving Nigeria's geo-hydrological data acquisition and accessibility to enable more effective water resources management planning and modeling.
The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of Britis...AI Publications
The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the fulfillment of sustainable development goals in respect to the environment, artificial intelligence, and dynamic dichotomy of administrative agencies and presidential restriction, as statutory interpretation development to renewable energy. The constitutional forms of British government satisfy the sustainable development goals needed to fight climate change, advocate healthy ecosystem, promote leadership of magnates, and delegate responsibilities towards green economy. The presidential partisanship must be observed to delineate parties of concerns and execute the government prescriptions in equivalence to the dichotomous relationship of technology and the environment in fulfilling the rights and privileges of all citizens. Hence, the political elites can execute corporate governance towards sustainable development of renewable energy promoting environmental parks and zero emission target of carbon dioxide discharges. The economic theory developed in statutory interpretation for renewable energy serves as a tool to reduce detrimental impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment, mitigate climate change, and produce artefacts of bioenergy and artificial intelligence promoting sustainable development. It is suggested to explore other vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence to prosper economic success.
Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility of Piroxicam Using Solvent Deposition SystemAI Publications
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Watershed management is the study of the relevant characteristics of a watershed which is done to enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal and human or other living communities within the watershed boundary.
This PPT dscribes the Role of Geospatial Technology in Watershed Management
Role of agroinformatics in watershed managementshashi bijapure
This document summarizes the role of agro-informatics in watershed management. It discusses how watershed management involves implementing land and water practices to protect water quality within a watershed. Key steps include delineation, prioritization, action planning, implementation, monitoring, and impact assessment. Information technologies like GPS, remote sensing, and GIS are important tools. Remote sensing helps with mapping and NDVI analysis. GIS allows integration and analysis of spatial data. Several case studies from India demonstrate how remote sensing and GIS were used to assess land use changes, drought impacts, and conduct land evaluations after watershed development projects.
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The methodology used for Colombia Suitability Maps was developed by Nelson et al., 2015 (IRRI). These maps were part of the CCAC (Climate & Clean Air Coalition) Paddy Rice project, funded by UNEP, which was conducted simultaneously in Vietnam, Bangladesh and Colombia.
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http://blog.ciat.cgiar.org/more_tools_for_colombian_rice_producers_to_face_climate_challenges_by_2030/
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This document discusses the application of remote sensing and GIS for coastal management. Remote sensing uses sensors to acquire data about Earth without direct contact, and can provide data at global, regional, and local scales. GIS integrates location data with descriptive information to help users understand patterns and relationships. Combining remote sensing data with GIS and models improves coastal monitoring and allows testing of management scenarios. Together, remote sensing and GIS provide powerful tools for coastal zone management by facilitating data sharing, analysis, and decision making.
“Cadastral Maps for Socio-Economic Data Visualization and Integration for Lan...irjes
The impact of mining and mineral extraction activities can be significant on the surrounding land,
water and air bodies, in any operational area. The environmental degradation ranges from localized surface and
ground water contamination to the damaging effects of airborne pollutants on the regional ecosystem; which
need the properly designed geospatial database. The monitoring of these environmental impacts requires a userfriendly
and cost effective method to quantify the land cover changes over large time periods. Now-a-days, it
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Evaluation of Groundwater Resource Potential using GIS and Remote Sensing App...IJERA Editor
Environment and Development are the two wheels of the cart. However, they become antagonists at some
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assessment tools like GIS along with Remote Sensing have proved to be very efficient and effective and hence
useful for management of natural resources. Groundwater is a precious resource of limited extent. In order to
ensure a judicious use of groundwater, proper evaluation is required. There is an urgent need of planned and
optimal development of water resources. An appropriate strategy is required to develop water resources with
planning based on conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources. Integrated remote sensing and GIS
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depends on proper planning, implementation, operation and maintenance. The interpretation of remote sensing
data in conjunction with conventional data and sufficient ground truth information makes it possible to identify
and outline various ground features such as geological structures, geomorphic features and their hydrologic
characters that may serve as direct or indirect indicators of the presence of ground and surface water. Remotely
sensed data provides unbiased information on geology, geomorphology, structural pattern and recharging
conditions, which logically define the groundwater regime of an area. Groundwater resource potential has been
evaluated in Pulivendula-Sanivaripalli, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and
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been integrated with the help of GIS. Appropriate weightage has been assigned to various factors controlling
occurrence of groundwater to assess the groundwater potential in each segment of the study area. The area has
been classified into high potential, moderate potential, low potential and non-potential zones landforms ground
water development on the basis of hydromorphological studies. Some of the favorable locations have been
suggested to impound the excessive run off so as to augment the ground water resources of the area.
Evaluation of Groundwater Resource Potential using GIS and Remote Sensing App...IJERA Editor
Environment and Development are the two wheels of the cart. However, they become antagonists at some
points. It has been witnessed many a times that development is done at the cost of environment. Analysis and
assessment tools like GIS along with Remote Sensing have proved to be very efficient and effective and hence
useful for management of natural resources. Groundwater is a precious resource of limited extent. In order to
ensure a judicious use of groundwater, proper evaluation is required. There is an urgent need of planned and
optimal development of water resources. An appropriate strategy is required to develop water resources with
planning based on conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources. Integrated remote sensing and GIS
can provide the appropriate platform for convergent analysis of diverse data sets for decision making in
groundwater management and planning. Sustainable water resources development and management necessarily
depends on proper planning, implementation, operation and maintenance. The interpretation of remote sensing
data in conjunction with conventional data and sufficient ground truth information makes it possible to identify
and outline various ground features such as geological structures, geomorphic features and their hydrologic
characters that may serve as direct or indirect indicators of the presence of ground and surface water. Remotely
sensed data provides unbiased information on geology, geomorphology, structural pattern and recharging
conditions, which logically define the groundwater regime of an area. Groundwater resource potential has been
evaluated in Pulivendula-Sanivaripalli, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and
Geographic information system. Under this study, three thematic maps viz. Geological map (Lithology and
Structure), Geomorphological map and Hydro morphological maps were prepared. These thematic maps have
been integrated with the help of GIS. Appropriate weightage has been assigned to various factors controlling
occurrence of groundwater to assess the groundwater potential in each segment of the study area. The area has
been classified into high potential, moderate potential, low potential and non-potential zones landforms ground
water development on the basis of hydromorphological studies. Some of the favorable locations have been
suggested to impound the excessive run off so as to augment the ground water resources of the area.
Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A ReviewIJERA Editor
Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, which supports human health, economic
development and ecological diversity. Due to over exploitation, the ground water systems are affected and
require management to maintain the conditions of ground water resources within acceptable limits. With the
development of computers and advances in information technology, efficient techniques for water management
has evolved. The main intent of the paper is to present a comprehensive review on application of GIS
(Geographic Information System) followed by coupling with MODFLOW package for ground water
management and development. Two major areas are discussed stating GIS applications in ground water
hydrology. (i) GIS based subsurface flow and pollution modelling (ii) Selection of artificial recharge sites.
Although the use of these techniques in groundwater studies has rapidly increased since last decade the sucess
rate is very limited. Based on this review , it is concluded that integation of GIS and MODFLOW have great
potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of vital ground water resources in the future.
Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A ReviewIJERA Editor
This document provides a review of using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the MODFLOW groundwater modeling package together for groundwater management and modeling applications. It discusses two main areas of application: (1) GIS-based subsurface flow and pollution modeling, including several case studies that developed groundwater models using GIS for input data management and output visualization; and (2) using GIS techniques to select sites for artificial groundwater recharge. The document concludes that integrating GIS with MODFLOW has great potential to improve groundwater monitoring and management in the future.
T6 lutfi qasem remote sensing and gis applications executive summaryNENAwaterscarcity
This document discusses a study that used remote sensing and GIS applications to classify soils in the Upper Wadi Rasyan Catchment Area of Taiz Governorate, Yemen. Soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed to produce a soil map of the study area. GIS was used to digitize maps and overlay remote sensing data, which helped complete the work more efficiently. The soil was classified according to the USDA soil taxonomy system and five main soil orders were identified. The soil survey provides a foundation for land use planning and management by describing the characteristics, limitations, and potential uses of the different soil types in the study area.
This document summarizes the application of a structure-index technique to evaluate soil structure degradation in clay soils in the Nile Delta region of Egypt. The technique involves treating soil aggregates with alcohol, water, and benzene to assess stability. Structure index values from 2-12 were observed across 14 soil profiles, with higher values indicating poorer structure. Structure degradation was found in bottom layers of half the profiles. Linear relationships were observed between structure index and electrical conductivity/sodium percentage, indicating early structure degradation with increasing salinity. The newly proposed index provides a simple way to rapidly assess soil structure changes across profiles and its relation to other soil properties.
1) The study aimed to establish a baseline for monitoring land health over time in Cameroon, describe patterns of land degradation, and identify implications for sustainable agricultural intensification.
2) Soil samples were collected from smallholder farms using a stratified random sampling method and analyzed using laboratory and spectroscopic methods. Textural and carbon content analyses showed potential to support intensification, though slopes were steep in places.
3) Limitations including high acidity and erosion risk on slopes will require interventions like liming and conservation to enable sustainable intensification.
Analysis of Sand Dunes Accumulation using Remote Sensing and GISijtsrd
Sand dunes is one of desertification phenomenon that hinder land resources and human activities. It threaten to bury human settlement, roads, farms, water and other resources. Due to many environmental and climate conditions, there are many places around the world suffering from sand movement and mobile dune creep onto cultivated land and human settlements. Sand dunes have a fragile environment where, instability with a series of changes lead to a system not in equilibrium with its surroundings within an arid and hyper arid climates changes. These changes usually characterized by increase of evaporation and long periods of dryness, very low rainfall and vegetation. The aim of this research work is to apply remote sensing and GIS techniques to monitor and analyze sand dunes accumulation in the northern part of Sudan. Three successive satellite images acquired in different dates were used as the main source of data in this research work. A digital elevation model was also needed for topographic analysis. GIS was used to analyze output remote sensing data. Results, reflected that, sand dines accumulated during the last years and its accumulation in progress by 0.4 every year. Moreover, 50 of the study area is expected to be covered by sand dunes after less than 20 years. From topographic point of view, sand dune heights reached be 20m. These results present clear indicators of desertification that faces the study area. Dr. Abdelrahim Elhag | Dr. Nagi Zomrawi | Sahar Khidir "Analysis of Sand Dunes Accumulation using Remote Sensing and GIS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29507.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/29507/analysis-of-sand-dunes-accumulation-using-remote-sensing-and-gis/dr-abdelrahim-elhag
A knowledge-based model for identifying and mapping tropical wetlands and pea...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Thomas Gumbricht, from Center for International Forestry Research – Indonesia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Assessment of Check Dam and Spillways Technologies as soil erosion measures i...Open Access Research Paper
Soil erosion affects the performance of crops and the livelihood of farming families in rain-fed areas. Technologies like check dams and spillways are effective measures for controlling soil erosion. These technologies are comparatively low in cost and easy to construct than conventional brick masonry structures. The study analyzes cost-benefit, carry outs feasibility assessments and projects the potential impact of these technologies in rain-fed areas of district Dera Ismail Khan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. In the study area, soil erosion is caused by monsoon rains, mainly in the months of July and August. Sampled adopter farmers of these technologies brought one-fourth of their operational land under irrigation with the adoption of these technologies. This has almost doubled the productivity of wheat, enhanced that of chickpea and mustard crops by 66% and 21%, respectively. In the second year of adoption, benefit-cost ratios of check dam and spillways technologies are 5.68 and 7.01 respectively. Adoption of these moisture saving technologies help farmers’ to diversify cropping patterns by planting vegetables, fruit and forest plants. Fish farming can further add to economic benefits for the farmers. As per rough estimates of the farmers, these technologies can be adopted on about ten thousand acres in the study area. Farmers in the area are resource-poor and might not afford to adopt these technologies on a large scale. Effective awareness, provision of technical services and ease in access to finances can result in large-scale adoption of these technologies.
Assessing the importance of geo hydrological data acquisition in the developm...Alexander Decker
The document discusses two groundwater flow models developed for Lagos, Nigeria and Birmingham, UK. The Birmingham model had extensive geo-hydrological data including geology, groundwater levels, recharge rates, abstraction data, and aquifer parameters obtained from field tests. This allowed for detailed discretization, calibration, and reliable predictive capabilities. The Lagos model had limited data, requiring interpolation and extrapolation. It had coarse discretization and assumed parameters. This greatly limited its reliability and predictive ability. The document recommends improving Nigeria's geo-hydrological data acquisition and accessibility to enable more effective water resources management planning and modeling.
Similar to Mapping of Physical-Water Attributes in an Oxisol Under Sugarcane Cultivation in Ceres Municipality, Goiás State (GO), Brazil (20)
The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of Britis...AI Publications
The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the fulfillment of sustainable development goals in respect to the environment, artificial intelligence, and dynamic dichotomy of administrative agencies and presidential restriction, as statutory interpretation development to renewable energy. The constitutional forms of British government satisfy the sustainable development goals needed to fight climate change, advocate healthy ecosystem, promote leadership of magnates, and delegate responsibilities towards green economy. The presidential partisanship must be observed to delineate parties of concerns and execute the government prescriptions in equivalence to the dichotomous relationship of technology and the environment in fulfilling the rights and privileges of all citizens. Hence, the political elites can execute corporate governance towards sustainable development of renewable energy promoting environmental parks and zero emission target of carbon dioxide discharges. The economic theory developed in statutory interpretation for renewable energy serves as a tool to reduce detrimental impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment, mitigate climate change, and produce artefacts of bioenergy and artificial intelligence promoting sustainable development. It is suggested to explore other vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence to prosper economic success.
Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility of Piroxicam Using Solvent Deposition SystemAI Publications
Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is characterized by low solubility-high permeability. The present study was designed to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam at the physiological pH's through its increased solubility by using solvent deposition system.
Analysis of Value Chain of Cow Milk: The Case of Itang Special Woreda, Gambel...AI Publications
Ethiopia has a long and rich history of dairy farming, which was mostly carried out by small and marginal farmers who raised cattle, camels, goats, and sheep, among other species, for milk. Finding the Itang Special Woreda cow milk value chain is the study's main goal. In order to gather primary data, 204 smallholder dairy farmer households were randomly selected, and the market concentration ratio was calculated using 20 traders. Descriptive statistics, econometric models, and rank analysis were used to achieve the above specified goals. Out of all the participants in the milk value chain, producers, cafés, hotels, and dairy cooperatives had the largest gross marketing margins, accounting for 100% of the consumer price in channels I and II, 55% in channels III and V, and 25.5% in channels V. The number of children under five, the number of milking cows owned, the amount of money from non-dairy sources, the frequency of extension service contacts, the amount of milk produced each day, and the availability of market information were found to have an impact on smallholders' involvement in the milk market. Numerous obstacles also limited the amount of milk produced and marketed. The poll claims that general health issues, sickness, predators, and a lack of veterinary care are plaguing farmers. In order to address the issue of milk perishability, the researchers recommended the host community and organization to construct an agro milk processor, renovate the dairy cooperative in the study region, and restructure the current conventional marketing to lower the transaction and cost of milk marketing.
Minds and Machines: Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Investment Decisions ...AI Publications
In the evolving landscape of financial decision-making, this study delves into the intricate relationships among Emotional Intelligence (EI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Investment Decisions (ID). By scrutinizing the direct influence of human emotional intelligence on investment choices and elucidating the mediating role of AI in this process, our research seeks to unravel the complex interplay between minds and machines. Through empirical analysis, we reveal that EI not only directly impacts ID but also exerts its influence indirectly through AI-mediated pathways. The findings underscore the pivotal role of emotional awareness in investor decision-making, augmented by the technological capabilities of AI. It suggests that most investors are influenced by the identified emotional intelligence when making investment decisions. Furthermore, AI substantially impacts investors' decision-making process when it comes to investing; nevertheless, AI partially mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and investment decisions. This nuanced understanding provides valuable insights for financial practitioners, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the need for holistic strategies that integrate emotional and technological dimensions in navigating the intricacies of modern investment landscapes. As the synergy between human intuition and artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integral to financial decision-making, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the symbiotic relationship between minds and machines in investments.0
Bronchopulmonary cancers are common cancers with a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of death by cancer in Algeria and in the world. Behind this unfavorable prognosis hides numerous disparities according to age, sex, and exposure to risk factors, ranking 4th among incident cancers and developing countries including Algeria, all sexes combined. It ranks 2nd cancers in men and 3rd among women. Whatever the age observed, the incidence of this cancer is higher in men than in women, however the gap is narrowing to the detriment of the latter. The results of scientific research agree to relate trends in incidence and mortality rates to tobacco consumption, including passive smoking. Furthermore, other risk factors are mentioned such as exposure to asbestos in the workplace or to radon for the general population, or even genetic predisposition. However, the weight of these etiological and/or predisposing factors is in no way comparable to that of tobacco in the genesis of lung cancer and the resulting mortality. We provide a literature review in our article on the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of lung cancer.
Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thaila...AI Publications
The objective of this paper is to present Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thailand agriculture and enhancing farmer productivity. In view of the demand for organic fertilizers, efforts should also be made to enhance and to develop more effective of compost, bio-fertilizer, and bio-pesticides currently used by farmers. Likewise, emphasis should also be laid on the cultivation of legumes and other crops that can enhance the fertility of the soil, as practiced by farmers in many developing countries to fertilize their lands. On the other hand, most of the farmers who practice this farm system found that they are adopting a number of SLMs and interested in joining the meeting or training to gain more and more knowledge.
Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Tha...AI Publications
The objective os this study is to present Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Thailand and Vietnam with SLM practices. Farmer’s adoption and investment in SLM is a key for controlling land degradation, enhancing the well-being of society, and ensuring the optimal use of land resources for the benefit of present and future generations (World Bank, 2006; FAO, 2018). And agriculture remains an essential element of lives of many farmers in term of the strong cultural and symbolic values that attach current working generation to do and to spend time for it but not intern of income generating.
Growth, Yield and Economic Advantage of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in R...AI Publications
Haphazard and low soil fertility, low yielding verities and poor agronomic practices are among the major factors constraining onion production in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in East Showa Zone of Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha district in central rift valley areas at ziway from October 2021 to April 2022 to identify appropriate rate of NPSB fertilizer and planting pattern of onion varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot design of factorial arrangement in three replications. The main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates and varieties (red coach and red king) significantly (p<0.01) influenced plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter, leaf number and fresh leaf weight, shoot dry matter per plant, and harvest index. Total dry biomass, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average fresh bulb weight, bulb dry matter, marketable bulb yield, and total bulb yield were significantly (p<0.01) influenced only by the main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates. In addition, unmarketable bulb yield was statistically significantly affected (p≥0.05) by the blended fertilizer rates and planting pattern. Moreover, days to 90% maturity of onion was affected by the main factor of NPSB fertilizer rate, variety and planting pattern. The non-fertilized plants in the control treatment were inferior in all parameters except unmarketable bulb yield and harvest index. Significantly higher marketable bulb yield (41 t ha-1) and total bulb yield (41.33 t ha-1) was recorded from 300 kg ha-1 NPSB blended fertilizer rate applied. Double row planting method and hybrid red coach onion variety had also gave higher growth and yields. The study revealed that the highest net benefit of Birr, 878,894 with lest cost of Birr 148,006 by the combinations of 150 kg blended NPSB ha-1 with double row planting method (40cm*20cm*7cm) and red coach variety which can be recommendable for higher marketable bulb yield and economic return of hybrid onion for small scale farmers in the study area. Also, for resource full producers (investors), highest net benefit of Birr 1,205,372 with higher cost (159,628 Birr) by application of 300 kg NPSB ha-1 is recommended as a second option. However, the research should be replicated both in season and areas to more verify the recommendations.
Evaluation of In-vitro neuroprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Canariu...AI Publications
The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
The goal of neuroprotection is to shield neurons against damage, whether that damage is caused by environmental factors, pathogens, or neurodegenerative illnesses. Inhibiting protein-based deposit buildup, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, as well as rectifying abnormalities of neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine, are some of the ways in which medicinal herbs have neuroprotective effects [1-3]. This review will focus on the ways in which medicinal herbs may protect neurons.
A phytochemical and pharmacological review on canarium solomonenseAI Publications
The genus Canarium L. consists of 75 species of aromatic trees which are found in the rainforests of tropical Asia, Africa and the Pacific. The medicinal uses, botany, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities are now reviewed. Various compounds are tabulated according to their classes their structures are given. Traditionally canarium solomonense have been used to treat a broad array of illnesses. Pharmacological actions for canarium solomonense as discussed in this review include antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antitumor activity.
Influences of Digital Marketing in the Buying Decisions of College Students i...AI Publications
This research investigates the influence of digital marketing channels on purchasing decisions among college students in Ramanathapuram District. The study highlights that social media marketing, online advertising, and mobile marketing exhibit substantial positive effects on purchase decisions. However, email marketing's impact appears to be more complex. Moreover, the study explores how demographic variables like gender and academic level shape these effects. Notably, freshman students display varying susceptibility to specific digital marketing messages compared to their junior, senior, or graduate counterparts. These findings offer crucial insights for marketers aiming to tailor their strategies effectively to the preferences and behaviors of college students. By understanding the differential impacts of various digital marketing channels and considering demographic nuances, marketers can refine their approaches, optimize engagement, and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of their campaigns in targeting this demographic.
A Study on Performance of the Karnataka State Cooperative Agriculture & Rural...AI Publications
The Karnataka State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank Limited is the apex bank of all the primary co-operative agriculture and rural development banks in the state. All the PCARD Banks in the state are affiliated to it. The KSCARD Bank provides financial accommodation to the PCARD Banks for their lending operations. In order to quick sanction and disbursement of loans and supervision over the PCARD Banks the KSCARD Bank has opened district level branches. Bank has established Women Development Cell to promote entrepreneurship among women in 2005. The Bank is identifying women borrowers in the rural areas by assigning suitable projects to motivate their self-confidence to lead independent life. Progress made in financing women entrepreneurs women.
Breast hamartoma is a rare, well-circumscribed, benign lesion made up of a variable quantity of glandular, adipose and fibrous tissue. This is a lesion that can affect women at any age from puberty. With the increasingly frequent use of imaging methods such as mammography and ultrasound as well as breast biopsy, cases of hamartoma diagnosed are increasing. The diagnosis of these lesions is made by mammography. The histological and radiological aspects are variable and depend on its adipose tissue content. The identification of these lesions is important in order to avoid surgical excisions. We report radio-clinical and pathological records of breast hamartoma.
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...AI Publications
Ovarian cancer is relatively common but serious and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this malignant pathology managed at the Bejaia university hospital center. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 3 years (2019 - 2022) carried out on 20 patients who developed ovarian cancer. The average age of the patients was 50 years old, 53.23% of whom were over 45 years old. The CA-125 blood test was positive in 18 out of 20 patients. The tumors were discovered on ultrasound in 87.10% of cases and at laparotomy in 12.90%. Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was the most performed procedure (64.52%). The early postoperative course was simple. 15 patients underwent second look surgery (16.13%) for locoregional recurrences. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent histological type (93.55%), including 79% in the advanced stage ( IIIc -IV) and 21% in the early stage (Ia- Ib ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 80% of patients. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The evolution was favorable in 27.42% and in 25.81% deaths occurred late postoperatively. Ovarian cancer is not common but serious given the advanced stages and the high rate of late postoperative deaths which were largely observed in patients deprived of adequate neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
More analysis on environment protection and sustainable agriculture - A case ...AI Publications
This study presents a case of tea and coffee crops , esp. environment protection and sustainable agriculture in Son La and Thai Nguyen of Vietnam. Research results show us that The process of having an agricultural product goes through many steps such as planting, planning, harvesting, packing, transporting, storing and distributing. - The State adopts policies to encourage innovation of agricultural production models and methods towards sustainability, adapting to climate change, saving water, and limiting the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. chemicals and products for environmental treatment in agriculture; develop environmentally friendly agricultural models. Our research limitation is that we can expand for other crops, industries and markets as well.
Assessment of Growth and Yield Performance of Twelve Different Rice Varieties...AI Publications
The present investigation entitled “Assessment of growth and yield performance of twelve different rice varieties under north Konkan coastal zone of Maharashtra” was carried out during the kharif season of the year 2021 and 2022 on the field of ASPEE, Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, At Nare, Taluka Wada, District Palghar, Maharashtra, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The twelve varieties namely Zini, Jaya, Dandi, Rahghudya, Govindbhog, Dangi, Gurjari, VNR-7, VNR-8, VNR-9, Karjat-3, and Karjat-5 were replicated thrice. The plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of panicles (m²), and length of panicle (cm) were noted to the maximum with cv. “VNR-7”. The highest number of seeds per panicle, test weight (gm), grain yield (q/ha), and straw yield (q/ha) were recorded with the cv. “VNR-7”. While the lowest number of days to 50% flowering was also recorded with cv. “VNR-7” during the year 2021 and 2022.
Cultivating Proactive Cybersecurity Culture among IT Professional to Combat E...AI Publications
In the current digital landscape, cybercriminals continually evolve their techniques to execute successful attacks on businesses, thus posing a great challenge to information technology (IT) professionals. While traditional cybersecurity approaches like layered defense and reactive security have helped IT professionals cope with traditional threats, they are ineffective in dealing with evolving cyberattacks. This paper focuses on the need for a proactive cybersecurity culture among IT professionals to enable them combat evolving threats. The paper emphasis that building a proactive security approach and culture can help among IT professionals anticipate, identify, and mitigate latent threats prior to them exploiting existing vulnerabilities. This paper also points out that as IT professionals use reactive security when dealing with traditional attacks, they can use it collaboratively with proactive security to effectively protect their networks, data, and systems and avoid heavy costs of dealing with cyberattack’s aftermaths and business recovery.
The Impacts of Viral Hepatitis on Liver Enzymes and BilrubinAI Publications
Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Several different viruses cause hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause acute infections. The hepatitis B, C, and D viruses can cause acute and chronic infections. Hepatitis A causes only acute infection and typically gets better without treatment after a few weeks. The hepatitis A virus spreads through contact with an infected person’s stool. Protection by getting the hepatitis A vaccine. Hepatitis E is typically an acute infection that gets better without treatment after several weeks. Some types of hepatitis E virus are spread by drinking water contaminated by an infected person’s stool. Other types are spread by eating undercooked pork or wild game. Hepatitis B can cause acute or chronic infection. Recommendation for screening for hepatitis B in pregnant women or in those with a high chance of being infected. Protection from hepatitis B by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis C can cause acute or chronic infection. Doctors usually recommend one-time screening of all adults ages 18 to 79 for hepatitis C. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent liver damage. The hepatitis D virus is unusual because it can only infect those who have a hepatitis B virus infection. A coinfection occurs when both hepatitis D and hepatitis B infections at the same time. A superinfection occurs already have chronic hepatitis B and then become infected with hepatitis D. The aim of this study is to find the effect of each type of viral hepatitis on the bilirubin (TB , DSB) , and liver enzymes; AST, ALT, ALP,GGT among viral hepatitis patients. 200 patients were selected from the viral hepatitis units in the central public health laboratory in Baghdad city, all the chosen cases were confirmed as a positive samples , they are classified into four equal group each with fifty individual and with a single serological viral hepatitis type either; anti-HAV( IgM ) , HBs Ag , anti-HCV ,or anti-HEV(IgM ). All patients were tested for; serum bilirubin ( TB ,D.SB ) , AST , ALT , ALP , GGT. Another fifty quite healthy and normal person was selected as a control group for comparison. . Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBVAST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver cell damage than AST, It is relatively specific for hepatocyte necrosis with a marked elevations in viral hepatitis. Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBV.AST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver
Determinants of Women Empowerment in Bishoftu Town; Oromia Regional State of ...AI Publications
The purpose of this study was to determine the status of women's empowerment and its determinants using women's asset endowment and decision-making potential as indicators. To determine representative sample size, this study used a two-stage sampling technique, and 122 sample respondents were selected at random. To analyze the data in this study, descriptive statistics and a probit model were used. The average women's empowerment index was 0.41, indicating a relatively lower status of women's empowerment in the study area. According to the study's findings, only 40.9% of women were empowered, while the remaining 59.1% were not. The probit model results show that women's access to the media, women's income, and their husbands' education status have a significant and positive impact on the status of women's empowerment, while the family size of households has a negative impact. As a result, it is important to enhance women's access to the media and income, promote family planning and contraception, and improve men's educational status in order to improve the status of women's empowerment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
2. Silva et al. / Mapping of Physical-Water Attributes in an Oxisol Under Sugarcane Cultivation in Ceres Municipality, Goiás
State (GO), Brazil
www.aipublications.com Page | 41
parameters necessary for irrigation management and good
crop development.
Thus, the objective of the work was to determine and
evaluate indicators of physical quality, characterize the
spatial dependence and spatialize attributes evaluated in a
Red Distrofic Latosol under sugarcane in Ceres - GO,
aiming to contribute to soil management and irrigation.
II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
The area studied is located in the municipality of Ceres
(GO) in the Sugarcane Research Unit of the Instituto
Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres in partnership with CRV
Industrial, and is located between the geographical
coordinates 15º20'42``S and 49º36'19``W with 561 m
altitude, belonging to the Barro Alto Complex geological
formation. The local climate is Aw according to the
Köppen and Geiger classification, characterized by a mild,
dry winter and a hot, rainy summer. The soil of the study
area was classified as dystrophic Red Latosol according to
the Brazilian Soil Classification System [6]
.
The sugarcane crop was implemented (reform) in April
2018 with conventional soil management in an area of 30
ha and received "rescue irrigation", provided by self-
propelled sprayer, with application of 60 mm of water in
September of the same year. The experiment comprised an
area of 285 x 60 m in the implanted crop, totaling 1.71 ha.
For soil sampling, we used a sampling grid with spacing
between points of 15 x 15 m, totaling 100 sampling points,
Fig. 1. Some points of the grid were georeferenced with
precision coordinates and calculated for all other points.
The coordinates were determined in the Universal
Transverse Mercator System (UTM) to perform the linear
measurements.
Fig.1: Sample grid used in soil collection
Samples were collected with deformed and undeformed
structures at depths of 0-0.2 m (deformed and undeformed)
and 0.2- 0.4 m (deformed) at each point. The physical and
hydric characteristics evaluated were: granulometry (sand,
silt and clay), soil density (SD), particle density (PD), total
porosity (TP), macroporosity, microporosity (6 kPa), water
retention at field capacity (33 kPa)(FC), water retention at
permanent wilting point (1500 kPa) and total water
availability (TWA). Particle size and PD attributes were
determined for the 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m layers, and the
others, for 0-0.2 m.
Particle size was determined by the pipette method, with
soil dispersion in 0.1 mol L-1
sodium hydroxide. The
analysis of SD was done by the volumetric ring method
and PD by the volumetric balloon method, analyzed
according to the methodology described by Teixeira[7]
.
Macro, microporosity, moisture at field capacity and
permanent wilting point were done in Richards Extractor
(Soil Mosture), in undeformed samples collected in
duplicate with a volumetric ring of 48 mm diameter and 50
mm high. The calculation of total porosity, macro, micro
and TWA was also done according to Teixeira [7]
.
With the use of geostatistical techniques for the evaluation
of spatial variability and the making of maps of occurrence
of soil patches, the spatial dependence of the points was
analyzed through the semivariance (ℽ(h)), equation 1[8]
.
For this, the software Gamma Design Software 7.0 - GS+
[9]
. was used, and the linear, Gaussian, exponential,
spherical and pure nugget effect models (1) were tested.
(1)
Where: (h): semivariance estimated at a distance h; N(h):
number of pairs of values [Z(xi), Z(xi+ h)] separated by a
vector h; xi: spatial position of variable Z; and Z: Z(xi) the
value of property Z at location xi, in space.
After obtaining the experimental semivariograms with the
best fit to the data, the degree of spatial dependence (DSD)
was evaluated using (2) [10]
. This index refers to the ratio
between the nugget effect (C0) and the plateau (C0+C),
given in percentage, which classifies the result in strong
spatial dependence (DSD < 25%), moderate (25% < DSD
< 75%).
(2)
With the data interpolated by kriging of the physical-
hydric variables studied, iso-occurrence maps were made
in the study area, also using the software Gamma Design
Software 7.0 – GS+ [9]
.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Table 1 shows the descriptive statistical analysis of the
data collected. It can be observed that the mean and
median values (measures of central tendency) found for all
the attributes are relatively close, and it can be inferred,
therefore, that there was low data dispersion.
3. Silva et al. / Mapping of Physical-Water Attributes in an Oxisol Under Sugarcane Cultivation in Ceres Municipality, Goiás
State (GO), Brazil
www.aipublications.com Page | 42
The coefficient of variation is used to determine the
variability of the data. The attributes clay and particle
density in both layers, sand from 0.20 to 0.40 m, moisture
at field capacity, soil density and microporosity presented
low coefficient of variation. On the other hand, silt and
sand from 0 to 0.20 m, total porosity, moisture at
permanent wilting point, total water availability and silt
from 0.20 to 0.40 m showed medium coefficient of
variation. Finally, it was found that macroporosity showed
a high coefficient of variation, which may be related to
variability in soil compaction because it showed high and
negative significant Pearson correlation coefficients (r) for
FC, SD and micro (r=0.80**, 0.91** and 0.85**,
respectively; data not shown).
Table 1 - Descriptive statistics for physical-hydric
attributes in Red Latosol under sugarcane at the
Sugarcane Research Unit (CRV/IF Goiano Plant – Ceres
Campus) in Ceres – GO
VariableMinimumMaximumAverage Median Sd KurtosisAsymmetry CV
Kolmogorov-
Smirnov*
0.00 – 0.20 m
Clay(1)
367.10 578.30 490.20 494.50 47.97 -0.13 -0.39 9.78 0.068< 0.725N
Silt(1)
85.90 300.00 176.63 173.55 40.19 1.21 0.87 22.75 0.100< 0.248N
Sand(1)
239.20 457.10 333.17 328.35 41.81 0.32 0.42 12.55 0.067< 0.749N
SD(2)
1.00 1.74 1.45 1.48 0.16 0.19 -0.87 11.38 0.134< 0.050A
PD(2)
2.38 2.78 2.62 2.63 0.09 -0.02 -0.36 3.31 0.109< 0.175N
Micro(3)
0.29 0.51 0.36 0.37 0.03 4.18 0.62 8.67 0.096<0.306N
Macro(3)
-0.07 0.32 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.49 0.95 103.250.133< 0.054A
TP(3)
0.30 0.61 0.44 0.43 0.06 0.22 0.69 14.13 0.090< 0.380N
θ FC(3)
0.25 0.46 0.33 0.33 0.03 1.94 0.26 10.28 0.088< 0.407N
θ
PWP(3) 0.18 0.42 0.28 0.28 0.04 1.65 0.43 13.58 0.087< 0.426N
TWA(4)
0.15 1.14 0.53 0.53 0.15 1.39 0.44 30.13 0.057< 0.897N
0.20 – 0.40 m
Clay(1)
411.70 628.80 523.16 534.50 50.51 -0.64 -0.34 9.66 0.099< 0.26N
Silt(1)
95.70 288.30 171.77 160.35 43.12 -0.29 0.50 25.10 0.122< 0.091A
Sand(1)
220.60 377.00 305.08 304.95 31.46 0.16 -0.36 10.31 0.078< 0.566N
Dp(2)
2.06 2.78 2.63 2.63 0.10 8.59 -1.96 3.86 0.159– 0.011A
Sd- Standard Deviation; CV - coefficient of variation; SD – soil density; PD – particle density; Micro
1
- microporosity; Macro – macroporosity; TP – total porosity; θ – volumetric humidity; FC – field
2
capacity; PWP – permanent wilting point; TWA – total water availability in the soil. * Kolmogorov-
3
Smirnov test at 5% probability; A: Asymmetric distribution; N: Normal distribution; (1): g kg-1
; (2):
4
kg dm-3
; (3): m3
m-3
; (4): mm cm-1.
5
When evaluating the clay, silt and sand contents, the
averages obtained show an increase in clay content from
the 0-0.20 m layer (490.20 g kg-1
) to the 0.20-0.40 m layer
(523.16 g kg-1
). Based on these values, the soil texture was
classified as clayey in both layers[6]
.
Soil density ranged from 1.0 to 1.74, with an average of
1.45 kg dm-3
. For clayey soils as the case of the soil under
study, values between 1.30 and 1.40 kg dm-3
can already
be considered restrictive to root growth[11]
.
In relation to the density of the particles, there was little
variation among the layers evaluated, with an average
value of 2.62 kg dm-3
. This attribute is related to soil
composition (mineral and organic) and its average value
varies between 2.3 and 2.9 kg dm-3[12]
.
As for the micro and macroporosity of the soil, we found
average values of 0.36 and 0.08 m3
m-3
, respectively. In
clayey soils it is common for the amount of micropores to
be greater than that of macropores[13]
, a fact verified in the
results found.
For the total soil porosity variable, the results varied from
0.30 to 0.61, with an average of 0.44 cm3
cm-3
. Soil
considered ideal for agricultural production should present
a total porosity of approximately 0.50 cm3
cm-3
, divided
into 34% of macro pores and 66% of micro pores[14]
.
Analyzing the physical-hydric attributes of moisture at the
permanent wilting point and field capacity (layer from 0 to
0.20 m), averages of 0.33 cm3
cm-3
and 0.28 cm3
cm-3
were
obtained, respectively.
High PWP values in clayey soils can be attributed to the
higher water retention in the micropores[15]
. the field
capacity moisture in clayey soils with no-till farming, has
an average of 0.31 cm3
cm-3
, therefore verifying that the
soil of the present study presents a slightly higher
average[16]
. However, the water retention in clayey
Latosols, found in studies they presented FC and PWP
with values of 0.32 and 0.23 cm3
cm-3
, respectively, with a
range of variation of 0.09 cm3
cm-3[17]
.
The total soil water availability (TWA) ranged from 0.15
to 1.14, and on average, it was 0.53 mm cm-1
. For Red
Latosol this aspect in a 0.0-0.10 m layer, found an average
value of 1.30 mm cm-1
, indicating that the results of the
present study are about 60% below found in that work.
The TWA is directly related to soil density, since soils
with high density tend to have fewer pores for storage and
availability of water and air to plants [18]
.
Table 2 presents the fits of the semivariogram models and
parameters for the attributes studied. In the attributes
referring to soil granulometry (clay, silt and sand), the
spatial dependence for clay and sand was classified as
strong, and for silt, moderate, at both depths. For these
attributes in the 0-0.20 m layer, the model fitted for clay
was the Gaussian model, while for the others it was the
exponential model. For the 0.20-0.40 m depth, the
exponential model was fitted to the granulometric
attributes. The range varied from 23.35 m (clay) to 191.90
m (silt).
Soil density fitted the spherical model with a range of
155.50 m and DSD of 49.76%, which configures a
moderate degree of spatial dependence. Studies about this
attribute in a Red Latosol after agricultural cultivation with
sugarcane, also obtained a fit to the spherical model, but
with a range of 17.2 m, disagreeing with that found in this
study[19]
.
For particle density, degrees of spatial dependence lower
than 25% were found, thus classifying the attribute as
strongly dependent. For this parameter, the Gaussian
4. Silva et al. / Mapping of Physical-Water Attributes in an Oxisol Under Sugarcane Cultivation in Ceres Municipality, Goiás
State (GO), Brazil
www.aipublications.com Page | 43
model was the one that best fitted the data from both
layers. The smallest range reached by this variable was
25.29 m.
Table 2 - Parameters of the experimental adjustment and
validation test for physical-water attributes of a Red
Latosol soil under sugarcane in Ceres – GO
Ajuste De Semivariograma
Validação
Cruzada
Attribute
Depth
(m)
Model C0 C0 + C Range R² SQR DSD SD SE R² RC
Clay
0.0-0.2 GAU 277.00 1690.00 23.38 0.70 6.08E4
16.39 Strong 0.20 0.19 0.94
0.2–0.4 EXP 592.00 2662.00 67.20 0.93 1.03E5
22.24 Strong 0.18 0.31 1.00
Silt
0.0-0.2 ESF 722.00 1540.00 191.90 0.90 6.85E4
46.88 Moderate 0.22 0.20 1.04
0.2–0.4 EXP 1054.00 3100.00 150.00 0.91 4.07E6
34.00 Moderate 0.18 0.30 0.97
Sand
0.0-0.2 ESF 307.00 1468.00 55.00 0.83 1.18E5
20.91 Strong 0.12 0.35 0.73
0.2–0.4 EXP 81.00 934.00 57.60 0.91 1.74E4
8.67 Strong 0.23 0.26 1.12
SD 0.0-0.2 ESF 0.01 0.02 155.50 0.86 1.66E-5
49.76 Moderate 0.23 0.16 0.95
PD
0.0-0.2 GAU 0.00 0.01 28.06 0.85 1.02E-6
17.23 Strong 0.16 0.16 0.68
0.2–0.4 GAU 0.00 0.01 25.29 0.62 3.51E-6
1.49 Strong 0.14 0.21 0.69
Micro 0.0-0.2 ESF 0.00 0.00 54.30 0.85 1.14E-8
39.07 Moderate 0.21 0.32 1.19
Macro 0.0-0.2 EXP 0.00 0.01 42.00 0.63 2.14E-6
12.93 Strong 0.33 0.11 0.97
TP 0.0-0.2 GAU 0.00 0.00 158.31 0.93 3.30E-7 49.87 Moderate 0.23 0.22 1.00
θ PWP 0.0-0.2 ESF 0.00 0.00 15.40 0.00 4.27E-8
1.06 Strong 0.52 0.11 1.51
θ FC 0.0-0.2 GAU 0.00 0.00 21.82 0.57 2.42E-8
8.29 Strong 0.25 0.20 1.18
TWA 0.0-0.2 ESF 0.01 0.03 73.90 0.78 6.63E-5
31.01 Moderate 0.34 0.22 1.51
C0 - pepita effect; C0+C - plateau; R² - Coefficient of determination; SQR - Sum of squares of residuals; DSD
1
- Degree of spatial dependence (%); SD - Spatial dependence; GAU - Gaussian; EXP - Exponential; ESF -
2
Spherical; RC - Regression coefficient; SE - Standard error.
3
Regarding soil porosity, the data were fitted to spherical,
exponential and Gaussian models, with ranges of 54.30 m,
42.00 m and 158.31 m, respectively, for microporosity,
macroporosity and total porosity. These fits corroborated
those of other studies, who, when studying soil macro and
microporosity, obtained a better fit to the exponential
model, with a range of 45 m[20]
.
As for the water retention in the soil at the permanent
wilting point and at field capacity, the degree of spatial
dependence was strong for both attributes, with adjustment
to spherical and Gaussian models, with ranges of 15.40
and 21.82 m, respectively. In general, the coefficients of
determination (R2
) of the models were high, except for
θPMP.
When studying water retention in a Red Latosol at a depth
of 0.0 to 0.15 m, Authors found fits to the spherical model
for both soil moisture and total water availability[21]
. The
range verified was approximately 10 m for field capacity
and permanent wilting point, while for TWA, the range
reached 19 m. The range results of the present study were
relatively close to the mentioned study for PWP and FC
and far apart for TWA.
Iso-occurrence maps are a useful tool for visualizing the
variability of attributes in the study area[22]
. In this way, it
is possible to understand the distribution of the variation of
the attributes and even compare them at different depths.
Fig.2 shows the maps made for the study area.
For the clay attribute, in the 0-0.20 layer the 460-510 g kg-
1
class followed by patches of the 510 to 560 g kg-1
class
predominated throughout the study area. In the 0.20-0.40
m layer, the 510 to 560 class covers almost the entire area
with central patches of 560-610 g kg-1
and patches of 460-
510 g kg-1
, mainly in the western portion.
5. Silva et al. / Mapping of Physical-Water Attributes in an Oxisol Under Sugarcane Cultivation in Ceres Municipality, Goiás
State (GO), Brazil
www.aipublications.com Page | 44
6. Silva et al. / Mapping of Physical-Water Attributes in an Oxisol Under Sugarcane Cultivation in Ceres Municipality, Goiás
State (GO), Brazil
www.aipublications.com Page | 45
Fig.2: Maps of spatial distribution of soil attributes
evaluated in the study area.
In all cases, the texture of the study area was within the
clay class in both layers. Because of the larger area of the
510 to 560 g kg-1
class in the 0.20-0.40 m layer, a small
increase in clay content was observed at depth. This was
also observed in others papers, which was attributed to the
influence of factors related to soil genesis[23]
.
In analyzing the silt attribute, the areas were more
homogeneous than clay, especially in the 0-0.20 m layer,
where the 160 to 200 g kg-1
class occurs in almost the
entire area. Due to the intense weathering of the Cerrado
Latosols lower silt contents are expected in this type of
soil, as seen in the study area[24]
.
Conversely to the clay attribute, silt showed lower values
in the 0.20-0.40 m layer. There were basically three classes
of values, but predominating the classes 310 to 355 g kg-1
and 265 to 310 g kg-1
in the layers 0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m,
respectively, showing the expected behavior that clayey
Latosols tend not to present large variations in the amounts
of silt, having less weight than the others.
The density of the particles showed some similarity among
the depths, ranging from 2.48 to 2.76 kg dm-3
. These
values were consistent with those found for Brazilian soils
highly weathered and rich in oxides are around 2.65 kg
dm-3[25]
.
The spatial distribution of the soil density variable (SD) is
above the critical level, of 1.30 kg dm-3
for clayey soils[11]
.
In general, annual crops that develop in areas with clayey
soils with average density higher than the critical level
may have difficulties in root growth.
In the investigation of microporosity, it was found that in
the vast majority of the experimental area the values are
between 0.33 (south) and 0.41 cm³ cm-3
(north) (Fig.2).
These values were higher than those considered ideal (0.33
cm³ cm-3
) [14]
.
Macroporosity, in turn, showed two predominant spatial
distribution areas, being 0 to 0.07 and 0.07 to 0.14 m³ m-3
.
The ideal for clayey soils like the one in this study is that
macroporosity should be around 0.17 m³ m-3
. Low
macroporosity together with high soil density, as occurs in
the study area, indicate advanced soil compaction
conditions, since this tends to be a result of the breakdown
of macropores into micropores[14]
.
The ideal total porosity for clayey soils is in the range of
0.5 and 0.65 m³ m-3[26]
. Thus, the results of this attribute
are less than ideal, reinforcing an indication of soil
compaction.
For the variable permanent wilting point (tension 1500
kPa), there are basically two classes of values, from 0.23
to 0.28 m³ m-3
(predominant) and from 0.28 to 0.33 m³ m-3
.
Areas under the latter class will imply a shorter irrigation
shift, i.e., more frequent water replacement, because the
difference between the wilting point and field capacity was
smaller, as previously discussed.
As for the moisture at field capacity, the behavior of the
spatial distribution is similar to the permanent wilting
point attribute. Authors, when studying this variable in
Latosols, found values of 0.35 m³m-
³, thus proving that the
results found in this study are consistent with the
literature[27]
.
With regard to the total soil water availability (TWA),
there was a predominance of the range 0.45 to 0.6 mm cm-
1
along the largest dimension of the area (east to west) and
with a tendency to increase from south to north. Only in
the southern region were the values found above 0.60 mm
cm-1
. In general, the values for TWA, should be between
7. Silva et al. / Mapping of Physical-Water Attributes in an Oxisol Under Sugarcane Cultivation in Ceres Municipality, Goiás
State (GO), Brazil
www.aipublications.com Page | 46
0.6 and 1.0 mm, with the soil under study being below the
desired range[28]
.
Thus, considering the values determined for the available
water (TWA) of the soil, it is possible to define irrigation
shifts necessary for the adequate supply of water to the
plants and, thus, to define the best irrigation method to be
used. Likewise, with the results found, it is possible to
assist works aimed at precision agriculture[29]
, in soils with
characteristics similar to those of this study especially
within the range of spatial dependence, as well as, in
planning the sampling of physical attributes, decision-
making related to irrigation and soil management.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The analysis of the semivariograms showed that the
physical-water attributes evaluated present spatial
dependence with 40% moderate and 60% strong degree,
indicating that the geostatistical interpolation is suitable
for generating maps of spatial variability.
The study area presents higher spatial variability for the
attributes clay, sand, Dp, macroporosity, FC, PWP and
TWA, according to the so-occurrence maps.
The average moisture of the FC and PWP of the area is
0.33 and 0.28 m3
m-3
under the conditions of the study,
allowing calculation of irrigation blade and irrigation shift.
The low results of TWA show that the reddystrophic red
beta-solus in the study presents low water retention in the
available water range.
The values of TWA present themselves relatively
homogeneous in the direction of the largest dimension and
increase from south to north and indicate the possibility of
dividing the area into management units, and with this,
application of irrigation blades at variable rate.
The results of soil density and macroporosity indicate that
the study area presents soil compaction, probably caused
by mechanized operations in humidity levels above the
adequate, requiring preventive and corrective measures.
REFERENCES
[1] AQUASTAT - FAO's Global Information System on Water
and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, 2019.
[2] SANCHES, G. M.; MAGALHÃES, P. S. G.; FRANCO, H.
C. J. Sitespecific assessment of spatial and temporal
variability of sugarcane yield related to soil attributes.
Geoderma, v. 334, p. 90-98, 2019.
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