This document discusses the manpower approach to educational planning. It involves analyzing the demand and supply of manpower to forecast future needs and reconcile those needs with available resources. The manpower approach considers the human resources required across all fields and aims to skill education accordingly. It can help identify gaps, reduce labor costs, and provide guidance on developing qualifications. However, it also has limitations like providing limited direction, ignoring primary education, focusing on urban employment, and difficulties forecasting due to uncertainties. Overall, the manpower approach provides one perspective for educational planning but education also aims for broader human development.

1. Reporter:
Maitha L. Oliveros

2. is
concerned with the problems
on how to make the best use of
limited resources allocated to
education n view of the priorities
given to different stages of
education or different sector of
education and the need of the
economy. (Adesina 1982)

3.  deals
with the future, drawing
enlightenment from the past. It is the
springboard for future decisions and
actions, but it is more than a mere
blueprint.
 Planning is a continuous process,
concerned not only with where to go but
within how to get there and by what best
route. It does not cease when a plan gets
on paper and has get approval.

4. Manpower
need approach
Social demand approach
Aggregate approach
Resource-based approach
Need-based approach

5.  Manpower
approach or model entails an
analysis of demand and supply of
manpower. on the supply side, one has to
take stock of manpower according to field
of specialization and levels of education as
well as the enrollment across levels of
education and field of education in both the
formal and the non-formal education
sectors.

6.  Manpower
approach is an
educational planning approach that
has it that planning should consider
human resource in all fields required
for country. Education planning
should be skilled based, expected
man power.
•
Based on demand supply principle,
need based.

7. The
focus of this approach is to
forecast the manpower needs of
economy. This is to say that it
stresses output from the
educational system to meet the
manpower needs at some future
date.

8. 1. Specification of the composition of
manpower need at some future date.
Ex: 2015-2020
2. Specification of manpower availabilities
Ex: in 2010
3. Specification which reconciles the
former specification with the later.

9. 1. Manpower
could usefully call
attention to extreme gaps and
imbalances in the education output
pattern that need remedy.
2. It helps to reduce the labor cost as
excess staff can be identified and
thereby overstaffing can be avoided.

10. 3. It
gives educators useful guidance
on ho roughly educational
qualifications of the labor force ought
to be developed in the future. That
is, the relative proportion of people
who would have primary education,
secondary education and various
amount of post-secondary training.

11. 4. The unemployment and
underemployment which may
result from some overemphasis on
manpower approach may become
a challenge to move towards the
right kind of education which may
be development-oriented, and
thereby creating its own job.

12. 5. Higher productivity- productivity
level increases when resources are
utilized in best possible manner.
Higher productivity is the result of
minimum wastage of time, money,
efforts and energies. This is possible
through the staffing and its related
activities ( Performance appraisal,
training and development,
remuneration)

13. 6. Key to managerial functionsthe four managerial function, i.e.
planning, organizing, directing and
controlling are based upon the
manpower. Human resources help in
the implementation of all these
managerial activities. Therefore,
staffing becomes a key to all
managerial functions.

14. 7. Efficient
utilization
Efficient management of personnel
becomes an important function in the
industrialization world of today.
Setting of large scale enterprises
require management of large scale
manpower. It can be effectively done
through staffing function.

15. 1. It gives educational planner a
limited direction in the sense that it
does not tell what can be actually
achieved in every level of education.
Ex: primary education, secondary
education, etc.

16. 2. The approach says nothing about
primary education, which is not
considered to b work connected. By
implication, manpower approach
suggests the reduction of the
expansion of primary education until
the nation is rich enough to expand it.
Hence, attention is focused on the
cream of education that will
contribute to manpower development
in the society.

17. 3. Most manpower needs are
mostly needed in the urban
employment. Thus, the
planner who may be called to
plan is not given any useful
consideration about education
in the rural areas.

18. 4. It is impossible to make
reliable forecast of manpower
requirements far enough ahead of
time because of many economic,
technological uncertainties which
are involved.

19. 5. Education is far from just
matching demand and supply.
It is for total liberation of the
human person so that he can
play a meaningful role in the
society.