1.INTRODUCTION 𝗈A Mania is a distinct period during which there is an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. This period of abnormal mood must last at least 1 week (or less if hospitalization is required). 2.DEFINITION 𝗈Mania is the mood of an abnormally elevated arousal energy level. 𝗈Mania is a state of extreme physical and emotional elation. 𝗈The word is derives from the Greek (mania) meaning "madness, frenzy" 3.CLASSIFICATION 𝗈Mania can be classify into 3; these are 𝗈Mixed states; In a mixed state the individual has co-occurring manic and depressive features. 𝗈Hypomania; In hypomania, there is less need for sleep and both goal-motivated behavior and metabolism increase. 𝗈Associated disorders; A single manic episode is sufficient to diagnose bipolar I disorder 4.CAUSES 𝗈The exert mechanism by which mania occurs is not yet known. Based on the mechanism of action of antimanic agents and abnormalities seen in patients experiencing a manic episode the following factors are noted 5.CON’T 𝗈A person may experience mania as a result of a range of factors, including: stressful events genetic factors biochemical factors (neurotransmitter abnormalities or imbalances) seasonal influences bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). 6.SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 𝗈 The mood disturbance must be accompanied by at least three of the following symptoms; Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity Decreased need for sleep pressure to keep talking Flight of ideas Distractibility Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences 7.TREATMENT MODALITIES 𝗈There are basically 2 types treatment modalities; 𝗈Psychological Treatments 𝗈Organic Treatments 𝗈 Organic Treatments; this involve the used of drugsMood stabilizers: lithium (0.6—1.2 mEq/L) carbamazepine (6—12 mg/L) valproate (50—125 mg/L) Anticonvulsants: gabapentine topiramate lamotrigine Agitated or psychotic patient – coadministartion of antipsychotics of second generation (olanzapine, risperidone) Benzodiazepines (lorazepam, clonazepam) 8.NURSING INTERVENTION 𝗈Develop a relationship with the person based on empathy and trust. 𝗈Ensure that the person remains free from injury. 𝗈Assist the person to decrease their agitation and hyperactivity. 𝗈Promote positive health behaviors, including medication compliance and healthy lifestyle 11.𝗈Promote the person’s engagement with their social and support network. 𝗈Ensure effective collaboration with other relevant service providers, through development of effective working relationships and communication. 𝗈Support and promote self-care activities for families and carers of the person with mania. 12.𝗈A Mania is a distinct period during which there is an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansi

1. MANIA
D r . I q r a O s m a n

2. INTRODUCTION
𝗈A Mania is a distinct period
during which there is an
abnormally and persistently
elevated, expansive, or irritable
mood. This period of abnormal
mood must last at least 1 week (or
less if hospitalization is required).
3

3. DEFINITION
𝗈Mania is the mood of an
abnormally elevated arousal
energy level.
𝗈Mania is a state of extreme
physical and emotional elation.
𝗈The word is derives from
the Greek (mania) meaning
"madness, frenzy" 4

4. CLASSIFICATION
𝗈Mania can be classify into 3; these are
𝗈Mixed states; In a mixed state the
individual has co-occurring manic and
depressive features.
𝗈Hypomania; In hypomania, there is less
need for sleep and both goal-motivated
behavior and metabolism increase.
𝗈Associated disorders; A single manic
episode is sufficient to diagnose bipolar I
disorder 5

5. CA U SES
𝗈The exert mechanism by which
mania occurs is not yet known.
Based on the mechanism of action of
antimanic agents and abnormalities
seen in patients experiencing a manic
episode the following factors are
noted
6

6. CON’T
𝗈A person may experience mania as a
result of a range of factors, including:
➢stressful events
➢genetic factors
➢biochemical factors
(neurotransmitter abnormalities or
imbalances)
➢seasonal influences
➢bipolar affective disorder (BPAD).
7

7. S IGNS A ND S Y MPT OMS
𝗈The mood disturbance must be accompanied by at
least three of the following symptoms;
✓Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
✓Decreased need for sleep
✓pressure to keep talking
✓Flight of ideas
✓Distractibility
✓Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor
agitation
✓Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that
have a high potential for painful consequences
8

8. TREATMENT MODALITIES
𝗈There are basically 2 types
treatment modalities;
𝗈Psychological
Treatments
𝗈Organic Treatments
9

9. 𝗈Organic Treatments; this involve the used
of drugs
➢Mood stabilizers:
➢lithium (0.6—1.2 mEq/L)
➢carbamazepine (6—12 mg/L)
➢valproate (50—125 mg/L)
➢Anticonvulsants:
➢gabapentine
➢topiramate
➢lamotrigine
➢Agitated or psychotic patient –
coadministartion of
➢antipsychotics of second generation
(olanzapine, risperidone)
➢Benzodiazepines (lorazepam, clonazepam)
10

10. NURSING INTERVENTION
𝗈Develop a relationship with the person based
on empathy and trust.
𝗈Ensure that the person remains free from
injury.
𝗈Assist the person to decrease their agitation
and hyperactivity.
𝗈Promote positive health behaviors, including
medication compliance and healthy lifestyle
11

11. CON’T
𝗈Promote the person’s engagement with
their social and support network.
𝗈Ensure effective collaboration with other
relevant service providers, through
development of effective working
relationships and communication.
𝗈Support and promote self-care activities
for families and carers of the person with
mania. 12

12. S U M M A R Y
𝗈A Mania is a distinct period during
which there is an abnormally and
persistently elevated, expansive, or
irritable mood.
13

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