Preclinical course of Removable Partial Denture: 1- Introduction and Definitions 2- Forces acting on RPD. 3- Biomechanical considerations 4- Denture bases 5- Rests 6- Major and Minor connectors 7- Retainers 8- Indirect retainers 9- Stress equalizing Designs

1. 6- Major Connectors
b. Mandibular Major Connectors

2. Don't underestimate
the power of a smile,
a kind word,
a listening ear,
an honest compliment,
or the smallest act of
caring, all of which
have the potential to
turn a life around....

3. CONNECTORS
A- Major connectors
B- Minor connectors
Maxillary Major Connector
Mandibular Major Connector

4. Definition
It is that unit of the
partial denture to which
all other parts are
directly or indirectly
attached.
This component Provides
Cross-arch Stabilization.

5. 1. Join the component parts of RPD together.
2. They may contribute to the functions of
bracing and reciprocation.
Functions of mandibular
connectors

6. Structural Requirements for
Mandibular Major Connectors
1- Rigid and should provide
cross arch stabilization
and broad load
distribution.
2- Relieved to avoid settling
into the mucosa
3- A half-pear shape in cross
section.

7. Structural Requirements for Mandibular Major Connectors
4- The superior border of the lingual
bar should be placed 3-5 mm
5- The borders should run parallel to
the gingival margin
6- The inferior border should be
gently rounded above the moving
tissues of the floor of the mouth.
7- Impingement of gingival tissues
should be avoided.

8. Structural Requirements for Mandibular Major Connectors
The gingival margin should be relieved.
8-The lingual
plate should
be extends to
the cingulae of
the anterior
teeth

9. 9. Not Interfere or irritate the tongue.
10.Not alter the natural contour of the
lingual surfaces of the arch.
11.Not impinge on the oral tissues (tori),
when the restoration is placed, removed
or rotated during function.

10. 12.Cover no more tissues than necessary.
13.Not allow trapping of food.
14.Be made from an alloy compatible with oral
tissues.

11. TYPES OF MANDIBULAR MAJOR
CONNECTORS
Lingual bar.
Sublingual bar.
Double lingual bar.
(Kennedy bar)
Cingulum bar.
Labial bar.
PLATEBARS
Lingual plate

12. 3-5mm
3-4 mm
3-5mm
Location and Form
LINGUAL BAR

13. Lingual bar
4mm
gingival margin
Class ?????????
???
???
???
???
???
???

14. Half-pear shape in cross section, tapered superiorly with
the broader and thicker portion at the inferior border.
LINGUAL BAR

15. LINGUAL BAR
The inferior border should be gently rounded
above the moving tissues of the floor of the
mouth; to avoid irritation or injuring the
subadjacent tissues when the restoration moves

16. LINGUAL BAR
The bar should be
relieved sufficiently but
not excessively over the
underlying tissues.
Lingual tori are
generously relieved
when surgery is
contraindicated.

17. Function:
The lingual bar functions only as a major
connector. It does not provide neither support
nor indirect retention.

18. F
It does not provide neither support nor
indirect retention.
?????????Why

19. Disadvantages
* May attain some flexibility, specially if
they are poorly constructed or designed.
Contraindications:
- Inadequate space
- Extreme lingual inclination of lower
anterior teeth.
- High lingual frenular attachment.
- Bilateral torus mandibularis
- Undercut on the lingual side of the ridge

20. MEASUREMENT OF LINGUAL SULCUS.

21. SUBLINGUAL BAR
Location and form:
• Extending over and parallel to the anterior floor of the
mouth.
• It has a tear drop configuration whose base is towards
the base of the tongue.
• It is relieved ( 26-30 gauge) from the floor of the mouth.

22. SUBLINGUAL BAR
• Insufficient depth of
alveololingual sulcus.
• Reduced height of the
alveolar ridge,
Contraindication
• Highly attached lingual
frenum.
Indications:

23. SUBLINGUAL BAR
• Well tolerated
• It permits exposure of the
gingival tissue
• Allows for proper cleaning.
• The under side of the tongue is
sparsely provided with tactile
receptors.
Advantages:
1-Requires functional impression.
2-Difficult in lab construction .
Disadvantages:

24. THE DOUBLE LINGUAL BAR
KENNEDY BAR
• A lingual bar and a cingulum
bar (Kennedy bar).
• Secondary lingual bar.
• Used to add to the strength
and rigidity of the denture
• Kennedy bar is neither a
major connector nor indirect
retainer by itself

25. KENNEDY BAR
Two supporting rests must be placed one on each end of
the Kennedy bar. These rests prevent settling of the bar during
function, thus preventing laceration of the gingiva and act as
indirect Retainers

26. • Allows natural stimulation
• stabilization
• Rigidity
• Proper distribution of the stresses
• Splinting of teeth.
• No gingival coverage..
• I.R. through its terminal rests.
Advantages of KENNEDY BAR
Disadvantages:
• Objectionable to the tongue
• Collect food
• Phonetic problems.
Contraindications: short clinical crowns or inclined
lingually and Not used with space anteriors

27. CINGULUM BAR
• Indicated where there is insufficient room for
the lingual bar
• The teeth should have good mesiodistal contact
with sufficient crown length.
• Marked lingual inclination of the anterior teeth
prevents the use of cingulum bar

28. LINGUAL PLATE
Most rigid mand. M. c.
Better bracing
Cross-arch stabilization
Splinting for weak teeth.

29. 1- The superior border should be
LINGUAL PLATE
a- Scalloped and projected to the
contact points between the
projections the border should not
exceed the middle third of the teeth.
b- Positively contacting the teeth.
c- As thin as possible.
2- It is relieved at the gingival margin.
3- It is provided with slots in case of diastema.
4- Lingual area should be surveyed to block out
undercuts.

30. Indications:
1- High floor of the mouth and high frenal attachment.
2- When future teeth replacement is anticipated.
3- Splinting of periodontally affected teeth.
Advantages:
1- The most rigid lower connector.
2- Can act as indirect retainer XX????.
3- Provides splinting if used in conjunction with labial bar.
Disadvantages:
1- Covers gingiva and teeth; so no gingival stimulation.
(Patient is instructed to massage the gingiva).
2- May contribute to caries and periodontal disease.
LINGUAL PLATE

32. LABIAL BAR
• Thick and bulk than a lingual bar to
counteract the increased flexibility due to
increased length.
• Half-pear shaped with bulkiest potion
located inferiorly.
• Runs across the labial and buccal mucosa.
• Superior border tapered to soft tissue
located at least 4 mm below the gingival
margin.
Form and Location:
•Must be relieved over the canine eminence.

33. LABIAL BAR
When large lingual tori exist and surgery is
precluded.
i.e. obviates the need for surgical intervention
Indications:
With extreme lingual
inclination of mandibular
anterior teeth

34. Prominent inoperable tori.
(Bone growth)

35. Made thick because
of lacks of sufficient
rigidity.
Labial vestibular depth
must be adequate
especially in the presence
of gingival recession
LABIAL BAR
Disadvantages:

36. It provides splinting.
Contraindications: Poor oral hygiene.
The presence of shallow buccal or labial
vestibule. The presence of high frenal attachment
LABIAL BAR

37. The Swing Lock Partial Denture
LABIAL BAR

38. Connected by a hinge device at one end and a
locking device at the other end. Vertical minor
connectors arise from the labial bar, touch the anterior
teeth below the survey line
LABIAL BAR

39. Mandibular major connectors
Lingual
Plate
Lingual bar
Sublingual
Bar
Dental bar
Kennedy bar

40. Continuous barSublingual bar
Linguoplate Labial bar
?
?
?
?

41. Split Lingual Major Connector
A flexible
connector
used where some
stress release
from the
abutment teeth is
desired.
Split lingual Plate

42. Split Lingual Major Connector
A complex construction
More costly
Greater demands on plaque control
Less well tolerated by the patient.
Split lingual Bar

43. •‫ترقق‬ ‫يسبب‬ ‫الزائد‬ ‫الملح‬ ‫أن‬ ‫تعلم‬ ‫هل‬
‫العظام‬(Osteoporosis)
•‫و‬‫أفضل‬ ‫من‬ ‫ألنها‬ ‫وذلك‬ ، ‫للقلب‬ ‫مفيدة‬ ‫الفراولة‬ ‫أن‬
‫األكسدة‬ ‫مضادات‬(Antioxidant)‫باأللياف‬ ‫وغنية‬ ،
‫على‬ ‫تعمل‬ ‫األلياف‬ ‫وهذه‬ ،‫للذوبان‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫الغذائية‬
‫كفاء‬ ‫وزيادة‬ ،‫الدم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الكوليسترول‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫تخفيض‬‫ة‬
‫الدموية‬ ‫الدورة‬

45. Minor Connectors
Definition:
Functions:
1- Connect different units with saddle
or major connector.
2- Transfer the effect of the connected
components to the other parts of
the denture.
3- Transfer functional stress to the
abutment teeth.
4- Provide bracing and sometimes
reciprocation.
It is the part of the partial denture, that
connects units of the prosthesis with either
the major connector or the denture base.

46. Minor Connectors
It is the part of the partial
denture, that connects
units of the prosthesis with
either the major connector
or the denture base.
Minor connectors

47. Requirements:
1. There should be a minimum of 5mm space
between any two neighboring minor
connectors.
2. They should be inconspicuous to the
tongue. Therefore they are placed on the
guiding planes of abutments or in the
embrasure between teeth.
3. They should join the major connector at
right angle to cover as little as possible of
the gingiva.

48. Be Genuinely Interested in People. If you try, you can like
everybody, and Everybody will like you.....