This document provides guidelines for ensuring nutrition, health, and safety for children. It discusses guidelines for a healthy child diet including recommendations for protein, fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy, and limiting added sugars, saturated fats, and trans fats. It also provides daily dietary guidelines for children ages 2-3, 4-8, and 9-13. Additionally, it discusses the importance of hand washing, oral hygiene, meal planning, food safety, creating a safe environment and outdoor play area, first aid kits, and hygiene in general for children's health.

1. Managing nutrition, health
and safety needs of children
• NUTRITION
• HEALTH
• SAFE By : Yogeswary Kannan

2. Nutrition for kids: Guidelines for a healthy
diet
 Protein. Choose seafood, lean meat and poultry, eggs, beans, peas, soy products,
and unsalted nuts and seeds.
 Fruits. Encourage your child to eat a variety of fresh, canned, frozen or dried fruits
— rather than fruit juice. If your child drinks juice, make sure it's 100 percent juice
without added sugars and limit his or her servings. Look for canned fruit that says
it's light or packed in its own juice, meaning it's low in added sugar. Keep in mind
that one-half cup of dried fruit counts as one cup-equivalent of fruit. When
consumed in excess, dried fruits can contribute extra calories.

3. Nutrition for kids: Guidelines for a healthy
diet
 Added sugar. Limit added sugars. Naturally occurring sugars, such as those in fruit
and milk, are not added sugars. Examples of added sugars include brown sugar,
corn sweetener, corn syrup, honey and others.
 Saturated and trans fats. Limit saturated fats — fats that mainly come from animal
sources of food, such as red meat, poultry and full-fat dairy products. Look for
ways to replace saturated fats with vegetable and nut oils, which provide essential
fatty acids and vitamin E. Healthier fats are also naturally present in olives, nuts,
avocados and seafood. Limit trans fats by avoiding foods that contain partially
hydrogenated oil.

4. Nutrition for kids: Guidelines for a healthy
diet
 Vegetables. Serve a variety of fresh, canned, frozen or dried vegetables. Aim to
provide a variety of vegetables, including dark green, red and orange, beans and
peas, starchy and others, each week. When selecting canned or frozen vegetables,
look for options lower in sodium.
 Grains. Choose whole grains, such as whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, popcorn,
quinoa, or brown or wild rice. Limit refined grains.
 Dairy. Encourage your child to eat and drink fat-free or low-fat dairy products,
such as milk, yogurt, cheese or fortified soy beverages.

5. Ages 2 to 3: Daily guidelines for girls and
boys
Ages 2 to 3: Daily guidelines for girls and boys
Calories 1,000-1,400, depending on growth and activity
level
Protein 2-4 ounces
Fruits 1-1.5 cups
Vegetables 1-1.5 cups
Grains 3-5 ounces
Dairy 2 cups

6. Ages 4 to 8: Daily guidelines for girls
Calories 1,200-1,800, depending on growth and activity
level
Protein 3-5 ounces
Fruits 1-1.5 cups
Vegetables 1.5-2.5 cups
Grains 4-6 ounces
Dairy 2.5 cups
Ages 4 to 8: Daily guidelines for girls

7. ages 4 to 8: Daily guidelines for boys
Calories 1,200-2,000, depending on growth and
activity level
Protein 3-5.5 ounces
Fruits 1-2 cups
Vegetables 1.5-2.5 cups
Grains 4-6 ounces
Dairy 2.5 cups
ages 4 to 8: Daily guidelines for boys

8. Ages 9 to 13: Daily guidelines for girls
Ages 9 to 13: Daily guidelines for girls
Calories 1,400-2,200, depending on growth and activity level
Protein 4-6 ounces
Fruits 1.5-2 cups
Vegetables 1.5-3 cups
Grains 5-7 ounces
Dairy 3 cups

9. Ages 9 to 13: Daily guidelines for boys
Calories 1,600-2,600, depending on growth and activity level
Protein 5-6.5 ounces
Fruits 1.5-2 cups
Vegetables 2-3.5 cups
Grains 5-9 ounces
Dairy 3 cups
Ages 9 to 13: Daily guidelines for boys

10. Meal For Infants

15. Food Pyramid

16. Food Plate For Young Children

19. Infant Feeding Problems

22. SAFETY

23. Safe Environment at Preschool
1. Hire ample, qualified staff members. You should have enough employees to supervise all of the children in your
preschool, and to ensure that all of the areas in the preschool where children congregate are monitored at all times by staff
members. Additionally, you should require that your staff is trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and is certified
in first aid
2. Check the play area regularly. Toys should be clean, and sanitized at the end of every day. Make sure there are no broken
toy pieces, which can be sharp and dangerous.
 Keep high traffic areas clear of anything that may cause preschoolers to trip and fall. For example, clean up spills as
soon as they happen, and keep toys that aren't being played with in designated toy bins.
3. Arrange the classroom in a way that allows you to see all of the children, at all times. Make sure there are no
blind spots where children can get lost from your sight.If you use cubicles or partition walls, configure them in a way that
allows you to see around them from as many angles as possible. For example, it is better to put a partition wall at a right
angle to a perimeter wall than it is to put 2 partitions walls at right angles to each other in the center of the room.
 Set up play areas in the center of the room.
 Arrange chairs, desks and work tables in circles.

24. Safe Environment at Preschool
6. Keep chemicals locked away from children. In a preschool environment, cleaners, insecticides,
first aid solutions, medications and all other toxic substances should be kept in a high, flame-
resistant and safety-locked cabinet.
7. Inspect for environmental hazards regularly. Common environmental safety issues include
water impurities, lead-based paint, mercury, asbestos, waste management and indoor air
pollutants like mold/mildew, carbon monoxide, tobacco smoke, allergens and dust. Call the
appropriate authorities to the premises to test for environmental hazards before allowing
children to enter the preschool environment, and place applicable electronic detectors
throughout the facility
8. Have emergency plans in place. Conduct fire and natural disaster drills on a regular basis to
ensure that everyone at the preschool is familiar with the proper procedures for handling
emergency situations.

25. Safe Environment at Preschool
9. Create rules. Rule lists can be used in a variety of ways to promote a safe environment at preschool.Post school
rules clearly where are preschoolers can see them, and be sure to address them on a regular basis so that the
children are familiar with them.
 For example, rules like "keep your hands to yourself" and "tell the teacher if you have a problem with another
student" can help prevent physically harmful arguments in the preschool environment, and rules about washing
hands and covering sneezes can help prevent the spread of illness.
 Establish a set of rules for picking up and dropping off preschoolers. For example, you may require parents to
provide photo IDs, fill out forms for other parties they wish to pick up their children, sign in and out, stay inside a
pickup zone during pickup time and/or call ahead of time if the pickup method is to temporarily change

26. Safe Environment at Preschool
4. Adhere to food safety guidelines. When it comes to preparing, storing and serving food, there are a number of precautions you should
take to ensure daycare safety. Your government's daycare facility regulatory agency can provide you with a comprehensive manual of food
safety guidelines
5. Safeguard the outdoor play area.
Ground covering must be soft to cushion falls.
• The height of swings, slides and other playground equipment must be a safe distance from the ground.
• There should be no bolts, nuts, screws or other fasteners protruding from the playground equipment in a way that could potentially
harm children.
• Openings must be large enough to ensure that body parts cannot get trapped. A standard rule is to make sure there are no openings
between 3.5 inches (8.4 cm) and 9 inches (21.6 cm) wide.
• Space play equipment at least 12 feet (3.7 m) apart.
• Clear traffic areas of tripping hazards. Examples of tripping hazards include tree branches, boulders, sudden shifts in elevation and tree
stumps.
• Check playground equipment regularly for ease of operation and structural integrity.
• Elevated platforms should have guard rails.
• Encircle the playground with a tall safety fence, and make sure any gates leading to the outside are locked

27. First Aid Kit
It's important to have a well-stocked first aid kit in your home so you can deal with minor accidents and injuries.Your first aid kit
should be locked and kept in a cool, dry place out of the reach of children.Many people also keep a small first aid kit in their car for
emergencies.Your basic first aid kit
A basic first aid kit may contain:
 plasters in a variety of different sizes and shapes
 small, medium and large sterile gauze dressings
 at least two sterile eye dressings
 triangular bandages
 crêpe rolled bandages
 safety pins
 disposable sterile gloves
 tweezers
 scissors
 alcohol-free cleansing wipes

28.  sticky tape
 thermometer (preferably digital)
 skin rash cream, such as hydrocortisone or calendula
 cream or spray to relieve insect bites and stings
 antiseptic cream
 painkillers such as paracetamol (or infant paracetamol for children), aspirin (not to be given to children under
16), or ibuprofen
 cough medicine
 antihistamine tablets
 distilled water for cleaning wounds
 eye wash and eye bath
 It may also be useful to keep a basic first aid manual or instruction booklet with your first aid kit.
 Medicines should be checked regularly to make sure they are within their use-by dates
First Aid Kit

29. Sample

31. Health

32. Importance of Good Hygiene in Children
Oral Hygiene
 It goes without saying that the teaching of good oral hygiene is essential for the young. Their milk teeth are likely to
fall out and they must know how to prevent this happening to their adult teeth. Along with brushing technique, the
importance of dietary influences should be explained and alternatives to sweets, biscuits and fizzy drinks should be
made available.
Hand Washing
 Hand-washing is the single most important factor relating to the spread of infection, not just for children but for
adults of all ages.
 Children should be encouraged to wash their hands before eating, after using the toilet, after handling animals, if
they are ill or if they are spending time with a newborn.
 Washing is essential to avoid developing threadworms which cause itching around the anus and genitals, and are
contracted from poor toilet hygiene or from animals. When a child is ready to go to school or nursery, they are
expected to be able to use the toilet themselves and wash their own hands; parents and carers must make sure this
is happening or infections and diseases can spread.

33. Importance of Good Hygiene in Children
Fungal Infections
 Athlete’s foot and ringworms are also less likely to spread if correct hand washing is achieved. Children should be
taught how to effectively wash their hands, including between the fingers and under the nails; employ the use of a
nail brush if needed. Drying properly is also important to prevent fungal infections from becoming worse. Children
should understand the importance of these actions also, as well as using an individual towel if they have an
infectious complaint.
Nails
 Nail biting should be discouraged, particularly if the nails are being swallowed. The nails and nail beds offer a
perfect environment for germs to live and breed. Nail biting permits the transfer of these bugs to the mouth which
can then lead to the digestive tract causing many problems. An incidence of diarrhoea can badly affect a child and
they can become quite ill from electrolyte imbalance and dehydration; this can happen very quickly in the young.
Even if correct hand washing takes place, there will continue to be some germs under and around the nail, if left
they will not normally cause any harm, but transfer to the mouth can induce problems. Keeping nails short will help
to reduce the amount of germs under the nail.

34. Importance of Good Hygiene in Children
Hair Care
 A suitable hair length and style such as a bun, is a very easy way of mini mising the risk of nits. These creatures are spread by contact so by
reducing the amount of hair available to have contact with others will decrease the chance of transmission. Hair does not have to be
washed daily as this can induce flaking of the scalp, itching and removal of the natural oils. There is no harm in bathing every day, but it is
more sensible to wash the hair every other day, using a frequent use shampoo.
Food Hygiene
 Children should be encouraged to wash their hands before meals and snacks, and should be discouraged from eating off the floor; this is
especially important if there are pets in the house.
 Using cutlery allows the child to learn table manners and will lessen the chance of the transfer of germs from the hands to the mouth.
 Teaching the correct principles of hygiene should begin at as early an age as possible. It will help to prevent the spread of infections and
diseases that can damage the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and the external features of the body.
 Children will follow the example set to them by their carers, so adults should lead by example. Less incidence of illness means fewer
absences from school and less time needed to be taken off work.
 Maintaining correct hygiene will allow the child to be independent and will lessen the likelihood of bullying if they are kept clean and tidy
and do not suffer from associated complaints.