Urban renewal is done to meet the increasing need of infrastructural services in the urban agglomeration due to increasing population (city population & migration). The areas comes under urban renewal are,
Up-gradation of existing infrastructure.
Decongestion of dense urban zones (old city areas).
Providing basic amenities to the citizens (urban poor).
When we say ‘infrastructure’, it does mean the services provided for the better living, basic framework for economic growth, facilities designed for public gatherings, transportation within city etc.
To identify these projects is one part & to execute them is the other. Management of the urban renewal project is different that from normal building projects as they are large in size & scale, they affect not only the people living in the vicinity but also the users. If they are not completed in time, then may increase problem of the users.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
The estimated contribution of urban area to India’s GDP is approximately 70-75%. Despite the enormous economic contribution, the current state of urban infrastructure is in poor condition. It is estimated that by 2030, an additional $1.2 trillion would be required to provide basic urban services. In this presentation, an attempt has been made to find out the ways to mobilize such a huge financial requirement. The target audience of this presentation includes inter alia urban development and finance professionals, city managers and the general public.
Here is the full set of notes as in topics of urban designing. this work is done by 2013-2018 architecture batch (SDPS college of architecture). hope it will help you find yours.
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
Review of Development Plans/ Master Plans of selected cities of India.KARTHICK KRISHNA
This is an academic assignment done for the purpose to draft a master plan/ development plan. This helps us to identify the concept and context of the various plans and its development proposals applicability and replicability.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
The estimated contribution of urban area to India’s GDP is approximately 70-75%. Despite the enormous economic contribution, the current state of urban infrastructure is in poor condition. It is estimated that by 2030, an additional $1.2 trillion would be required to provide basic urban services. In this presentation, an attempt has been made to find out the ways to mobilize such a huge financial requirement. The target audience of this presentation includes inter alia urban development and finance professionals, city managers and the general public.
Here is the full set of notes as in topics of urban designing. this work is done by 2013-2018 architecture batch (SDPS college of architecture). hope it will help you find yours.
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
Review of Development Plans/ Master Plans of selected cities of India.KARTHICK KRISHNA
This is an academic assignment done for the purpose to draft a master plan/ development plan. This helps us to identify the concept and context of the various plans and its development proposals applicability and replicability.
1. INTRODUCTION TO SUBJECT ITP
2. DEFINITION OF INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING ITP
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF URBAN PLANNING
a. ELOBRATIONS
4. TERMS USED IN PLANNING AND THEIR DEFINITION
5. RELATIONSHIP OF CRP WITH OTHER FIELDS
a. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECHTURE
b. RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVIL ENGINEERING
c. RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
d. RELATIONSHIP WITH SURVYING
e. RELATIONSHIP WITH LANDSCAPE ARCHITECHTURE
f. RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIOLOGY
g. RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMICS
6. IMPORTANCE OF URBAN PLANNING
7. FUNCTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNER
8. NEW TRENDS IN PLANNING
9. GEOGRPHICAL TOPOGRAPHICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN RELATION TO PLANNING
10. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PLANNING
11. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
12. LEVELS AND ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
13. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR PATRICK GEDDES
14. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR EBNEZIR HOWARD
15. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LE COUBISER
16. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF FRANK LOYD WRIGHT
17. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LEWIS MUMFORD
18. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF C.A DOXIADIS
Growth pattern of towns Natural and Planned,
Types of zoning and importance,
various road networks(Grid iron pattern, shoe string development,
Surveys for data collection, physical survey, social survey, economic survey, civic survey,
Town aesthetics, landscape architecture,
Rehabilitation of slum and urban renewal,
A Review of Smart Cities Evolution in India vivatechijri
In order to improve the quality of life for people, smart cities are a modern urban concept. Various
smart technologies are grouped together in order to increase the comfort of human life. This paper highlights the
various technologies that are merged together for building a smart city in a developing country like India. Another
major aspect of the paper focuses on the kind of technological combinations and their effects used to plan and
build a smart city. Finally, the paper concludes by providing an overview of the present status and various
challenges faced during the development of smart cities in the Indian scenarios.
1. INTRODUCTION TO SUBJECT ITP
2. DEFINITION OF INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING ITP
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF URBAN PLANNING
a. ELOBRATIONS
4. TERMS USED IN PLANNING AND THEIR DEFINITION
5. RELATIONSHIP OF CRP WITH OTHER FIELDS
a. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECHTURE
b. RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVIL ENGINEERING
c. RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
d. RELATIONSHIP WITH SURVYING
e. RELATIONSHIP WITH LANDSCAPE ARCHITECHTURE
f. RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIOLOGY
g. RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMICS
6. IMPORTANCE OF URBAN PLANNING
7. FUNCTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNER
8. NEW TRENDS IN PLANNING
9. GEOGRPHICAL TOPOGRAPHICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN RELATION TO PLANNING
10. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PLANNING
11. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
12. LEVELS AND ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
13. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR PATRICK GEDDES
14. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR EBNEZIR HOWARD
15. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LE COUBISER
16. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF FRANK LOYD WRIGHT
17. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LEWIS MUMFORD
18. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF C.A DOXIADIS
Growth pattern of towns Natural and Planned,
Types of zoning and importance,
various road networks(Grid iron pattern, shoe string development,
Surveys for data collection, physical survey, social survey, economic survey, civic survey,
Town aesthetics, landscape architecture,
Rehabilitation of slum and urban renewal,
A Review of Smart Cities Evolution in India vivatechijri
In order to improve the quality of life for people, smart cities are a modern urban concept. Various
smart technologies are grouped together in order to increase the comfort of human life. This paper highlights the
various technologies that are merged together for building a smart city in a developing country like India. Another
major aspect of the paper focuses on the kind of technological combinations and their effects used to plan and
build a smart city. Finally, the paper concludes by providing an overview of the present status and various
challenges faced during the development of smart cities in the Indian scenarios.
Professional Work / Report Writing Sample: AMishra UNHabitat India Smart Citi...Aashish "Aash" Mishra
2017 Draft Work Report Sample of Select Chapters for United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN Habitat), Nairobi assignment as International SSA Consultant through JESCA Solutions.
•Led multi-donor (KfW, UNEP etc) assessment for UN Habitat "FRUGS India: Bhubaneswar city study onFinancing for Resilient and Green Urban Global Solutions (FRUGS)" global assessment and report.
• Explored burgeoning Indian city-region’s institutional arrangements, fiscal capacity and service provision vis-a-vis affordable, resilient and green urban infrastructure (housing, watsan, energy, transport) global solutions
• Inform multi donor support for medium-term resilience investment through adapting performance-based financing, such as ‘Smart Cities’, ‘Resilient Cities’ and ‘Green Growth’ city-region and corridor development.
The paper on real estate development is based on cost analysis and revenue generation of United World Trade Centre, Tripureshwor under land-lease agreement with T.U., Nepal
NextGen’s Phase I steps were two fold. The first effort included extensive stakeholder and community outreach, with a particular focus on developing a vision for the role public transportation plays in central Ohio’s future. The second initial effort included a needs assessment, which involves considering projected growth patterns, evaluating existing transit services, and examining how communities in the study area are planning for additional transit investment. These two efforts were also used to develop an evaluation framework; this framework is designed to reflect the regional goals and values for transit service development and apply these values to create a methodology that can be used to evaluate and prioritize transit investment opportunities.
The purpose of this technical memo is to document and describe the evaluation framework for how the NextGen team will screen identified transit investment needs into a prioritized list, and eventually evaluate potential transit projects. This technical memo is intended as a working paper to communicate the NextGen team’s proposed approach to stakeholders.
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) - Karachi Neighborhood I...zubeditufail
Directorate of Urban Policy & Strategic Planning, Planning & Development Department, Government of Sindh
Karachi Neighborhood Improvement Project
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
February 2017
Challenges opportunities and way forward in making indian cities and citizens...ANIRBAN CHOUDHURY
This was presented by me during Panel Discussions on Captioned Topic during IoT India Congress – 2016 Bangalore, on 8th September 2016.
http://theiet.in/The_IET_announces_Indias_largest_conclave_on_the_Internet_of_Things%E2%80%93IoT_India_Congress_2016
It was a coincidence that during panel discussions I came across team from Deloitte and C44, instrumental in preparation of NTK's winning Smart City Proposal. For me it was one of the happiest moment for being in the same panel with current mentors, as I was involved with the NTK project from pre-takeoff to maturity stage.
In the captioned presentation I have highlighted the fact that NTK was designed with resiliant features, especially AA-1 of NTK and also how the AA-1D was made LEED Traditional Neighborhood Design compliant more than 1/2 a decade before it was formalized by USGBC, NRF & CNU. I have highlighted the salient features namely
(1) hierarchy of built & open spaces; habitats starting from neighborhoods- community -Towns with distinct boundary have been planned; socio-economic infrastructure has been planned in early 2000 that even fulfill the changed requirements of NBC2005 and UDPFI 2015. ;
(2) Though the city has been planned for inclusion of all class, creed & castes of the society, AA-1D has been designed for a well-diversified population (housing option) such that the SIMPSON Diversity index > 0.75.
(3) The hierarchy of roads and surface drainage were designed in such a way that it's having an inversely proportional relationship.
All the above resilience features were designed and built in the early 2000, 1/2 decade before Draft LEED TND of USGBC was published after 2005.
The structure of AA1D was designed to be resilient as it was meant to promote (a) Compact densification; (b) Scaling of a Traditional neighbourhood; (c) Fine Grain diversity
I have also highlighted the fact that what we have done in (terms of TND design) more than 1.5 decades back in the year 2000-01, is being replicated now as a Brownfeild Retrofit by Global Smart City Barcelona through creation of SMART SUPER BLOCKS ( we were ahead of time).
Also refer to linked-in posting " GREENFIELD URBAN RETROFIT - INSPIRED BY TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DESIGN & URBAN PATTERN" for the story behind Smart Retrofit done by me for Action Area 1D in the year 2001.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/greenfield-urban-retrofit-inspired-traditional-design-choudhury?trk=pulse_spock-articles
Incorporating Participatory Planning and Quality Function Deployment in Urban...civejjour
Urban Planning is a technical process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of urban
environment to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. Outcomes from
the urban planning process are detailed plans. In Bahrain the detailed plans are developed through a
lengthy two-stage process, namely, design and implementation. During this lengthy process the documented
design variations were found to be the main cause for implementation delay. In addition, it was discovered
that land owners exclusion from the urban planning process caused major disagreements, between the
urban planning authorities and the land owners. Accordingly, this paper presents an investigation into the
applied urban planning process in Bahrain, and proposes a solution that incorporates Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) technique. The study is based on face-to-face interviews, questionnaire, Delphi method,
and a case study (North Tubli). The results of this study concluded that using participatory planning and
QFD within the urban planning process enables evaluation of the different alternative plans, based on
scientific and systematic procedures. In addition, it ensures that land owners and community members
requirements are satisfied.
Incorporating Participatory Planning and Quality Function Deployment in Urban...civejjour
Urban Planning is a technical process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of urban
environment to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. Outcomes from
the urban planning process are detailed plans. In Bahrain the detailed plans are developed through a
lengthy two-stage process, namely, design and implementation. During this lengthy process the documented
design variations were found to be the main cause for implementation delay. In addition, it was discovered
that land owners exclusion from the urban planning process caused major disagreements, between the
urban planning authorities and the land owners. Accordingly, this paper presents an investigation into the
applied urban planning process in Bahrain, and proposes a solution that incorporates Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) technique. The study is based on face-to-face interviews, questionnaire, Delphi method,
and a case study (North Tubli). The results of this study concluded that using participatory planning and
QFD within the urban planning process enables evaluation of the different alternative plans, based on
scientific and systematic procedures. In addition, it ensures that land owners and community members
requirements are satisfied.
Incorporating Participatory Planning and Quality Function Deployment in Urba...civej
Urban Planning is a technical process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of urban
environment to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. Outcomes from
the urban planning process are detailed plans. In Bahrain the detailed plans are developed through a
lengthy two-stage process, namely, design and implementation. During this lengthy process the documented
design variations were found to be the main cause for implementation delay. In addition, it was discovered
that land owners exclusion from the urban planning process caused major disagreements, between the
urban planning authorities and the land owners. Accordingly, this paper presents an investigation into the
applied urban planning process in Bahrain, and proposes a solution that incorporates Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) technique. The study is based on face-to-face interviews, questionnaire, Delphi method,
and a case study (North Tubli). The results of this study concluded that using participatory planning and
QFD within the urban planning process enables evaluation of the different alternative plans, based on
scientific and systematic procedures. In addition, it ensures that land owners and community members
requirements are satisfied.
Similar to MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR URBAN RENEWAL PROJECTS (20)
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Canadian Immigration Tracker March 2024 - Key SlidesAndrew Griffith
Highlights
Permanent Residents decrease along with percentage of TR2PR decline to 52 percent of all Permanent Residents.
March asylum claim data not issued as of May 27 (unusually late). Irregular arrivals remain very small.
Study permit applications experiencing sharp decrease as a result of announced caps over 50 percent compared to February.
Citizenship numbers remain stable.
Slide 3 has the overall numbers and change.
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
1. A. SHASHANK SPA/NS/BEM/469
MBEM (3rd Semester)
2010-11
Seminar-2:
FinalJury
B U I L D I N G E N G I N E E R I N G & M A N A G E M E N T ,
S C H O O L O F P L A N N I N G & A R C H I T E C T U R E , N E W D E L H I
Friday
17th Dec’10
Guided by:
Prof. (Dr.)V. K. Paul
Prof.V. D. Dewan
2. Chapter-1: Introduction: Overview of the seminar topic alongwith defining the aims, objectives & methodology .
Urban renewal is done to meet the increasing need of infrastructural services in the urban agglomeration due to
increasing population (city population & migration).The areas comes under urban renewal are,
Up-gradation of existing infrastructure.
Decongestion of dense urban zones (old city areas).
Providing basic amenities to the citizens (urban poor).
When we say ‘infrastructure’, it does mean the services provided for the better living, basic framework for
economic growth, facilities designed for public gatherings, transportation within city etc.
To identify these projects is one part & to execute them is the other. Management of the urban renewal project
is different that from normal building projects as they are large in size & scale, they affect not only the people
living in the vicinity but also the users. If they are not completed in time, then may increase problem of the users.
3. Chapter-1: Introduction
To study & understand the management approaches to proceed with an urban renewal project so
that objectives of the project can be achieved within allocated time with approved budget.
Aim
To study & understand the urban renewal & its
framework.
To understand current management strategies
followed for urban renewal project development &
management.
To analyze the anomalies in current management
strategies of such projects,
To come up with better solutions for integrated urban
renewal project management strategies.
Objectives Scope
•Scope of my work shall be limited to the
management strategies for urban renewal
projects related to the basic services,
transportation systems & providing better
habitat for urban poor.
•Case studies shall be taken for understanding
the management strategies followed & to
analyze the impact of the same on the project
success.
4. Conclusions showing findings(management strategies) from various
case studies to achieve better results
Collection & analysis of case study projects to find out peculiarities of
UR projects
to study project management aspects of construction projects & to
align urban renewal projects with them
Study & understand the current management strategies followed in
Urban renewal (understanding JnNURM)
To understand Importance of Urban Renewal (Scope & Strategies)
through literature studies, websites & journals
GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Chapter-1: Introduction
5. Chapter-2: Literature Review
Unpublished Works
1.Topic: Project Management Strategies for Sustainable Development
Author: Taniya Sanyal, M. BEM, SPA,Thesis (2009)
Context: This thesis provides an overview of sustainable development as for infrastructure development, their interdependency
and an understanding of the working nature of the development sector. It also provides information of the project management
by creating a framework of sustainability objectives for a project & sustainability assessment tools.
2.Topic: Development of Eco-friendly infrastructure in an existing community: case-study ofVasant kunj
Author: Paramita Datta, M. E. P., SPA,Thesis (1997)
Context: This work is based upon case-studies of various projects like solid waste management & water supply and drainage.
Author had chosen Vasant kunj, Delhi for the purpose of interventions & then made recommendations based upon the
knowledge gathered from case studies carried by her. Author had also developed questionnaire for primary survey to help
investigate the local conditions.
6. Chapter-2: Literature Review
Published Works (Books & Journals):
1.Topic: Infrastructure Project Finance: An Indian Perspective
Author: Dr. Rajiv Kumar Maheshwari & Dr. Ashish Maheshwari
Context: This book covers two aspects of infrastructure finance. The first aspect which is covered includes the basic concepts of
the infrastructure finance such as modalities of funding and risks associated with infrastructure projects. The second part
deals with the issues relating to specific infrastructure in India such as roads, ports, railways etc. As name suggests this book
has been written keeping Indian conditions in mind.
2.Topic: Overview: JnNURM
Published by: Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD)
Context: This publication is helpful in basic understanding of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission & thus talks
about the mission objectives, scope, financing strategy & need of urban renewal scheme.
These guidelines also talks about the sectors included in the urban renewal schemes under mission & identified cities under
the mission.
7. JnNURM is generated by GOI for improvement (development, management & financing by significant grant
funding) of 63 cities across nation for a period of 7 years (2005-2012), with two main objectives;
The Urban Infrastructure and Governance
The Basic Services to the Urban Poor
Chapter-3: Need of UR in developing countries: A Case of India
In this chapter need of UR, JnNURM mission & its objectives,
framework of getting funds & grants has been dealt
Multi-
stakeholder’s
Consultations
Phase-1:
The City
Assessment
Parameters
Phase-2:
Future
Perspective &
Vision
Sectors/Compone
nts
Phase-3:
Strategies for
Development
Phase-4:
City Improvement Plan &
FinancialAlternatives
Total Grant Funds shall be Rs.1,20,536 Cr. For the
purpose.Though the process of getting grant fund
is through;
• making a CDP (city Development Plan) showing
current status of the city,
• identifying projects
• Vision of the city
• Allocating funds to project implementation
Making of CDP(Source: JnNURM toolkit)
8. •Making of City Development Plan
•Identify Sectors need Renewal/Reform
CITY LEVEL
•Set priorities according to the vision
•Feasibility study & Financial Aspect
PRIORITIZATION
•Making DPR (Detailed Project Report)
•FI’sApproval for Budgetary allocations
•Project Initiation/PMC is appointed
PROJECT LEVEL
•Notice InvitingTenders for Construction
• After Scrutinizing Bids Contract is been awarded.
•Constant Review of project by ULB & PMC
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Chapter-3: Need of UR in developing countries: A Case of India
9. Execution Stage
Memorandum of Understanding (MoA) Contract Documents
Financial Assessment
Sanction of JnNURM Assistance Achievement of Financial Closure
Project Scoping
Preparation of DPR Arrangements for Implementation
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
Identification of Project through CDP Prioritization
Project Development Cycle
Chapter-3: Need of UR in developing countries: A Case of India
10. S. No. Category of Cities Grants ULB
share / loan from
financial
institution/PPP
Central State
1 Cities/UA with 4
million plus population
as per 2001 census
35% 15% 50%
2 Cities/UA with million
plus but less than 4
million population as per
2001 census
50% 20% 30%
Project Funding Criteria
In metro cities central & state govt. gives less
grants compared to small cities.
The reason for this is majorly ULB in small cities
are financially weak than ULB in big cities.
Chapter-3: Need of UR in developing countries: A Case of India
Source:JnNURM Framework
Source: Urban Infrastructure
Needs in India and Funding
Options-Focus on Public
Private Partnerships by IL & FS
11. The Urban Infrastructure and Governance
Sectors Key Issues/ Lacking
Land and Urban Growth
Management
• Haphazard growth of the city,
• High population density,
• Unauthorized developments and illegal land subdivisions,
• Violation of rules, byelaws,
• Overcrowding of businesses, etc.
Infrastructure • Water supply, sewerage & drainage,
• Parking space,
• SolidWaste Management,
• Inadequate PublicTransport facility, etc.
Urban Environment • Loss of traditional water systems,
• Extreme Depletion of ground water,
• Congestion of major arterial roads and commercial area of the city,
• Degraded air quality,
• Contamination of piped water with sewerage, etc.
Source: Toolkit JnNURM
Chapter-3: Urban Renewal in India
12. Basic Services to Urban Poor
Source: Toolkit JnNURM
Sectors Key Issues/ Lacking
Slums and JJ Clusters • increasing population (& densities) in existing JJ clusters
• Lack of mechanism for on-going creation of housing for the urban poor (lack of
inclusion of urban poor in city development process)
• Poor infrastructure facilities in both JJ clusters and resettlement colonies and
relocation sites;
Chapter-3: Urban Renewal in India
13. Peculiarities of UR Projects
These are large scale public sector projects.
These have a multi-dimensional approach (consisting one or more projects along)
Have legal bindings & bear a social responsibility.
Accountability to Public: As project is for public, a public consent is taken before project start.
Many stakeholders are involved.
UR Projects are compulsory to be done, to serve in efficient way, they cant be avoided.
Funds collected from taxes, bonds & other fees is utilized, hence project goals must be achieved to
provide better services to citizens.
Primarily they have intangible returns, direct financial returns are low though(for O & M).
Monetary gains are secondary unless a Private stakeholder is involved (PPP Mode).
Chapter-4: Success Parameters of UR Projects
14. Case Study-1: Alandur Sewerage Project,Tamilnadu
Chapter-5: Sewerage Project
Table 5.2 PROJECT PARTICULARS
Sewer Network
Total Length 120 km
Main Sewer 19 km
Minor Sewer 101 km
Per Capita Sewage 80 lpd
Terminal Pumping station 1 no.
Pumping Main 6 km
SewageTreatment Plant
Ultimate Capacity 24 MLD (for 2027)
Type Activated Sludge
To improve the standard of living of the residents of Alandur (at par
with that of Chennai);
To eradicate the mosquito menace;
To provide the most essential basic facility to all the residents of the
town;
To avoid the recurring expenditure on septic tank cleaning; and
To avoid ground water contamination.
The proposed sewerage system was to be designed for:
The targeted population of about 3 lakh population (in 2027)
Planned to be completed within a five-year period from its inception
date. (from March’2000)
The project has the following components:
Sewerage network consisting of the main sewer line, branch sewer line and manholes;
Construction of a sewage pumping station;
A sewage treatment plant;
Alandur is situated 14 KM away from Chennai
15. Area 19.50 sq. km
Number ofWards 42
Population
1991 125,444
2027 (Projected) 300,000
Households 19800
ExistingWater Supply
Source
Palar River
Quantity Supplied 4.5 MLD
Per Capita Supply 33 litres per day
ProposedWater Supply
Source
Krishna Stage II
Quantity 30 MLD
Per Capita Supply 100 litres per day
Sewage Disposal SepticTanks
Length of Roads 135 km
Length of SWD 60 km
Basic Information On Alandur
Chapter-5: Sewerage Project
16. Project Initiation
As AMC was lacking in funds & technical expertise, they parted project in two format
a. laying of pipes, construction of pumping station, etc. will be done under BOQ (Bill of Quantities) basis
b. STP under BOT basis on world bank format with “O & M” for a period of five years from the date of
completion of the construction
Agencies Involved:
Project Finance: (TNUIFSL)TheTamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited
Engineering Consultants: M/s Consulting Engineering Services Limited
Contractors: IVRCL Infrastructures and Projects Ltd in JVwith Balckle- Durr and WabagTechnologies Ltd.
Project details:
GoTN agreed to pay a maximum amount of Rs 30 per month/ sewer connection
Area of the land = .5 hectares
Cost of the land works out to be approximately Rs. 25 lakh at current price.
Income from connections Rs 1300 lakh
Chapter-5: Sewerage Project
17. Sl
no.
Work component Cost in Rs.( lakh)
1 Sewer lines 1860.79
2 Pumping station 244.90
3 Pumping main 594.31
4 House service connections 225.00
5 Base cost 2925.00
6 Physical contingency (5%) 146.25
7 Price contingency (10%) 304.12
8 Capital cost 3375.37
Project Cost and Funding Mechanism
Sl
no.
Sources of Finance
Amount in Rs Lakh .
Amount % total
1 Loan :TUFIDCO
TNUIFSL
1620.00
420.00
46.82
12.13
2 TUFIDCO for supervision 100.00 2.89
3 GOT to bridge the gap 320.00 9.24
4 Deposit collection from
public
800.00 23.12
5 Interest from deposits 200.00 5.78
6 TOTAL 3460 100
Chapter-5: Sewerage Project
18. Sl
no.
category Charges/
connection(Rs)
Sewer maintenance
charges/ month(Rs)
1 Domestic 5000 150
2 Commercial 10000 450
3 Industrial 10000 850
6% annual increase in monthly charges
till they reaches to 180, 540, 900
respectively
more than 13000 connection seekers
(domestic and non-domestic) had
deposited the one time connection fee
to the municipality by the end of May
2000.
Management of Project Risks and Security Mechanism:
Lenders:
In case of Alandur project, however, proper care has been taken for
the risk of cost escalation, cost overrun and time delays
Necessary clearances taken in advance from different agencies
A security net was provided in the terms and conditions of loan agreement and the BOT contract.
TUFIDCO and TNUDF had stipulated that the entire revenue receipts including grants from the state
government and collections on account of taxes, duties and user charges should be escrowed in favour of them.
Charges
Chapter-5: Sewerage Project
19. Analysis
Chapter-5: Sewerage Project
Project Scope Management Agency Responsible: Consulting Engineering Services Limited (CESL)
Issues Solutions Arrived Performance Evaluation Remarks
Poor Good V. Good Excellen
t
01 Preparation of Detailed Project Report Prepared by CESL to define scope of the project Helped in efficient Scope definition (Initially estimated budget
of Rs. 45.00 Cr. Come down to Rs. 34.00 Cr)
02 Project Clearances & Approvals Coordinated with the authorities well in time while
preparing DPR
Required for the timely completion of the project
03 Project Financing Innovative Public Deposit Funding arrived:
Households were asked to deposit onetime
payment towards their own betterment
Loans from FI’s were @ 16% interest, which again public have
to bear. Public funding scheme reduced this burden hugely
(Rs. 8.00 Cr. Deposit/Total Project Cost Rs. 34.00 Cr.)
Contract Management Agency Responsible: Kirloskar Consultants Ltd.
04 Two Major Work Packages Identified Three different contracts were laid
One each for construction of sewer line & STP (on BOT basis for 14 years)
One for O & M of Sewer line (for 5 years after project handover)
Reduced cost to be incurred by municipality as STP was built
upon BOT basis.
After construction of facilities, O & M was also taken care
through putting responsibility to contractor
05 Laying of Sewer lines, manholes & pumping
stations
BOQ method of contract: awarded to IVRCL The contract was divided into two phases; first phase to be
complete by Mar’2003 &
06 Construction of STP: total 24 MLD split into 2 parts
of 12 MLD each
BOT technique followed : awarded to JV of IVRCL
& Blacke Durr & Wabag Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Phase-1 completed by March’2003 with sewer lines & under
operation. JV is been assured minimum fees to run the
facility/usage charges, whichever is more.
07 O & M of Sewer lines Contract with IVRCL for 5 years after handover to
AMC, Alandur
O & M fees shall be paid accordingly to the contractor
Time Management Agency responsible: Consulting Engineering Services Limited (CESL)
08 Preparation of Detailed Construction Schedule Prepared by Contractors & submitted alongwith
the technical bid
As all the issues related to clearances, acquisition, legal,
environmental etc. were taken care of already
09 Monitoring the work progress as per schedule A private PMC had been assigned to monitor &
control the project progress.
Weekly review, monthly meeting in municipality office,
pursuing clearances from various departments for upcoming
stage of work.
Cost Management
10 Payment of bills Financial progress also reviewed on monthly
basis & requirement of fund for upcoming month
Work doesn’t affected due to non-availability of funds.
20. • Alandur municipality has shown the way to other ULBs.
• to motivate the citizens of Alandur in the project financing process and convince the lending institutions,
government officials, policy and decision makers and local councilors with regard to the need for a public
private participatory approach in such projects
• The success is also attributed to the active participation of key officials of the GoTN, TNIUFSL, TNUDP and such
other institutions.
• The security net provided in the project to the lenders as well as private contractors.
Conclusions
To sum up, Alandur sewerage project is an innovative attempt for sustainable delivery of urban
services in the country. This kind of initiatives however, requires a strong political will and
community support to managing and monitoring the contract with the private sector on a
continuous basis.
Chapter-5: Sewerage Project
21. A project by AMC and funded byJNNURM and administered by AUDA.
Urban Environment:
Development of the Sabarmati Riverfront
Chapter-6: Urban Environment
to create a formal recreational space for the city
-beautification of the large stretch of the riverfront of almost 20
kilometers by providing gardens, promenades, permanent
open recreation areas etc.
-relocating the slum dwellers to proper housing
-creation of entertainment complexes along the river
-to regulate the river water by narrowing its width and eliminate
the danger of floods
-CREATEAN IDENTITY FORTHE CITY
Objectives:
22. Grants under JnNURM: Ahmedabad
Chapter-6: Urban Environment
Two major urban renewal
projects inAhmedabad:
• Sabarmati Riverfront
Development, got a
grant approval of Rs.
1367.5/- Cr.
• BRTS Project, got a
grant of Rs. 1350/- Cr.
23. Chapter-6: Urban Environment
Construction of embankments on both sides of the river along the
entire stretch
Reclamation of projected 163 hectares inside the city areas and
projected 292 hectares outside the city areas
Allocation of adequate, serviced land along the river for relocation of
project affected people;
Integration with other on‐going infrastructure projects
Construction of 4‐lane roads the east and west banks;
20 % of reclaimed land shall be leased out for private use to
make project self-financing.
Squatter Resettlement for approx. 3400 families.
24. Chapter-6: Urban Environment
Year 1997: Creating a SPV: SRFDCL is formed to make feasibility study & to
direct & monitor all the preparatory works for the project.
Year 2002: HCPDPM held responsible for all architectural, urban & structural
design.
Year 2004: Project construction phase-1 started. Contracts of work has been
awarded in 6 distinct packages.
PHASE-1 includes land reclamation, making of diaphragm walls, anchor
slab & earth filling and diversion of sewer. Policies to be made for further
development, though master planning has been done.
28. • This project shows the lack in defining responsibilities of all the stakeholders
because of which the approved budget for the project is still pending to be spent
under JnNURM in the project completion. Till date only Rs. 250/- Cr. has been
spent.
• After land reclamation to manage further development a 20% component of
reclaimed land is supposed to be allotted as commercial component to make
the project self financing. This is the model of Innovative PPP in public sector
project.
Chapter-6: Urban Environment
Findings from Case Study
29. Chapter-7:Traffic &Transport
objective of the BRTS initiative: to make transportation
fast & accessible.
Divided into two phases:
Phase-1: 58 kms of circular network. These are expected
to provide greater accessibility to amenities and
opportunities for mobility inAhmedabad.
Phase-2: 30km is planned, making small rings in phase-1
roadmap.
it is approved under CDM of Kyoto Protocol. The project
has reduced a carbon emission by 13.57 % net.
31. PROJECT AGENCIES
Employer Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation
Construction Supervision Consultancy M/s LEA Associates South Asia Ltd. (LASA)
Design & Planning Consultancy CEPT,Ahmedabad
Project Contractors
Package-1 Narol to Naroda M/s Ideal Road Builders Pvt. Ltd.
Package-2 RTO to Pirana M/s RomanTarmat Ltd.
Package-3 Pirana Danilimda Narol M/s Ideal Road Builders Pvt. Ltd.
Package-4 Construction of Bus
Shelters
M/s Nila Infrastructure Ltd.
Chapter-7:Traffic &Transport
32. Project Scope Management Agency Responsible: Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, Ahmedabad
Issues Solutions Arrived Performance Evaluation Remarks
Poor Good V.
Good
Excelle
nt
01 Heavy traffic congestion, longer travel
time
Up-gradation of existing roads into
BRTS
The project was identified to cater the traffic &
transportation need of the city for 20 years
02 Project Clearances, acquisition &
Approvals
Delay in Approval from forest
department,
Delay in project implementation due to
Land Acquisition
project initiation delayed by 3 months
03 Project Financing The project is been financed under
JnNURM mission, loan from HUDCO,
AMC is generating revenues through
taxes, bonds etc.
Finances for the project are not a constraint, unless
project cost goes up against the budgeted &
approved cost.
For O & M
Contract Management Agency Responsible: Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, Ahmedabad
Construction of Road Works, Bus
Shelters & underpasses
Three contracts were laid to construct road
Three different contracts laid to erect bus shelters
Contracts were given on % rate basis. Contract
conditions eliminating any concessions were laid in
contract document.
Delay in land acquisition, high traffic Project was started in remaining length,
integrated work upon traffic diversion
was carried out with traffic police of
Gujrat.
Clauses were added to deny any compensation
payable to the contractor because of delay in
Contract for Bus Shelters 3 contracts awarded to erect all the 75
bus shelters on the route
Time Management Agency responsible: Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, Ahmedabad (AJL)
Heavy traffic was the problem, specially
at junctions & FOB
Work has been started from junction to
junction
Contractual clause has been practiced to put
penalties over contractor
Analysis
Chapter-7:Traffic &Transport
33. Length 13.5 Km
Tendered cost Rs. 132.98 Crores
Contractual time limit 21 months
Actual Start ofWork 08-08-2007
Chapter-7:Traffic &Transport
The construction contract for Narol to Naroda is awarded to
M/s Ideal Road Builders Pvt. Ltd.
Length 12.25 Km
Tendered cost Rs. 85.89 Crores
Contractual time limit 15 months
Actual Start ofWork 21-02-2007
The contract for RTO to Pirana is awarded to M/s
RomanTarmat Ltd.
The contract for Pirana - Danilimda Narol, Danilimda –
Maninagar Station is awarded to M/s Ideal Road Builders
Pvt. Ltd.
Length 11.68 Km
Tendered cost Rs. 78.348 Crores
Contractual time limit 18 months
Actual Start ofWork 24-09-2007
34. • Space for construction was a big constraint. This construction work is on National Highway 8 (NH-
8) which is one of the busiest routes in Ahmedabad.
• The location of the construction site is near to Industrial Areas so there is heavy commercial traffic
during day and night influence to this project.
• Traffic diversions have to regularly update as the construction work progresses in consultation
withTraffic Department.
• Traffic Diversion at major junction creates problem because of Fly over Bridges Construction.
Challenges for the Project
Chapter-7:Traffic &Transport
35. Work Progress as on 31st May’09
Chapter-7:Traffic &Transport
Financial Progress (TargetVs Achieved)
Project was initiated in Aug’2007 & time period assumed for
various contracts to be finished within 21 months I.e. May’09.
These two graphs are showing actual project status on the
planned finish time.
Reasons for delay can be identified as:
• Space for construction (Part of NH-8)
• Traffic diversions have to regularly update.
• Traffic Diversion at major junction creates problem because
of Fly over Bridges Construction.
• Nearby Industrial Area.
36. Chapter-7:Traffic &Transport
Findings from Case Study
Large projects can be effectively taken up by disbursement of those into small & manageable work
contract packages.To construct 58.3 KM road network three routes were identified to come up with 3
contracts, though PMC (monitoring & control) was common for all.
Legal bindings (through contract terms & condition) are necessary to ensure timely completion of
work while maintaining quality of material used.
Better synchronization among different government agencies is required, as in this project due to
forest department; work got delayed, which subsequently could have resulted into increased project
cost.
In this project AMC disposed all time, scope (approvals, design changes) related risks in favour of
contractor, which may have led to the dispute in case of much extended timeline.
37. Chapter-8: Urban Poor & Slum
Urban poor & slum development is a major problem of almost all cities.
Driving factors for any squatter re-settlement project are:
1) Unhygienic living conditions
2) Unauthorized development
3) Lack of basic amenities
4) Land reclamation opportunity to the Land Owning Agencies (LOA).
Urban Poor & Slum
Strategy-I: Relocation of those jhuggie families where the LOA are in a position to implement the projects on
the encroached land pockets as per requirements in the larger public interest. The LOA submit requests to S& JJ
Department for clearance of the jhuggie cluster for projects implementation and also contribute their due share
towards the resettlement cost.
Strategy-II: In-situ up-gradation of JJ Clusters and informal shelters in case of those encroached land pockets
where the land owning agencies issue NOC to S&JJ Department for utilization of land.
38. Beneficiary Eligibility Criteria Plot Size to be allotted
Those having Ration Cards before 31st Jan’90 18.0 Sq. M.
Those having Ration Cards after 31st Jan’90 but before 31st
Dec’98
12.5 Sq. M.
Urban Poor & Slum
Salient Features: JnNURM
• Providing shelter, basic services and other related civic amenities to urban poor (slum dwellers)
• No finances for land Cost
• JnNURM provides 50% share, rest 50% shall be borne by ULB.
• 30%* cost shall be borne by beneficiaries through FI/ Organizations.
*Added towards ULB share
Chapter-8: Urban Poor & Slum
39. Chapter-8: Urban Poor & Slum
Case Study-1: Housing at 16B, Dwarka
Location Land
Available
NO. of
Dwelling
Units
Cost of
Dwelling
per unit
Funds required
Sector-16 B , Site-2,
Dwarka
1.86 Hectares 768 2.5 Lacs 1920 Lacs
40. 1 Total No. Of Blocks 20 Nos.
2 Total No. Of Dwelling Units 768 Nos.
3 Proposed Ground Coverage (Housing) 6529.92
4 Net Density Achieved 413/Hectare
5 Parks &Tot-LotAreas 2240 Sq.M.
Chapter-8: Urban Poor & Slum
Facilities for Benificiaries
Area under Shop Plot 1298 Sq. M.
Community Hall 786 Sq. M.
Parks 2240 Sq. M.
UG Reservoir 171 Sq. M.
TotalArea Under Facilities 4495 Sq. M.
This project was initiated in 2006 but funds released
only in FY 2008.
To keep project under budgeted cost & time, few
interventions have been made.
Agencies involved: Slum & JJ Deptt. DDA
Source: All Drawings & Details furnished by S &JJ Department, MCD
SITE
41. Design Concept
• Paradigm Shift from Horizontal toVertical (High rise High Density)
• window opening areas is 10 to 15% of floor area
• One Multipurpose room with kitchen & One Living Room
Chapter-8: Urban Poor & Slum
Source: All Drawings & Details furnished by S &JJ Department, MCD
• G+3 storied
• More Density achieved (413 D. U. per Ha against 100 D. U. in plotted
settlement)
• Changing Skyline
• Instead of Plots, Flats are given to beneficiaries.
42. Management Strategy
Time Management:
• To save upon time precast slab, lintels,
sunshades, steps etc. are used in place of
cast-in situ technology.
• Support services like plumbing, sanitation,
electrification, fixing of doors & windows
become easy & fast.
• A total of 30-40% time has been saved
against conventional construction technique.
• Timely progress reports to ensure & monitor
timely implementation of the project.
Source: All Drawings & Details furnished by S &JJ Department, MCD
Cost & Resource Management:
• Less scaffolding, shuttering was used.
• LesserWorkforce was enforced.
Chapter-8: Urban Poor & Slum
43. Conclusions & Recommendations
Following is presented my recommendation to carry out any urban renewal project
Source: All Drawings & Details furnished by S &JJ Department, MCD
Chapter-9: Conclusions & Recommendations
Detailed Planning & Design
Project Commissioning & Handover
Tender Action
Scope & Objectives shall be fixed
Finance options are worked out here to avoid time
delay in project implementation.
A legal framework to define Project related
responsibly of stakeholders.
Clear Terms & conditions to avoid any ambiguity
Construction Stage
Pre-Construction Stage
Public Participation
City Survey
Scope Definition
Project Development
Project Appraisal
Stage
Urban Renewal Project
Project Identification
Project Feasibility
Project Strategies
44. Success Parameters
For any project to be successful three factors are of major concern:
Speed ofWork: TIME MANAGEMENT
Cost ofWork: COST MANAGEMENT
Quality ofWork: PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
For successful implementation of UR projects Scope of Work i.e. SCOPE MANAGEMENT is the most
important factor as any change in scope may lead to delay in project delivery, cost overrun & in case of
any dispute project may suffer badly.
Apart from these factors there are environmental factors which do govern the viability of such
projects.
In UR projects, project life cycle is important as these projects are designed for certain time period.
Any increase in project delivery will lead to shorter duration of the facility for which it is been created.
Chapter-9: Conclusions & Recommendations