Financial ratios and their use in understanding Financial StatementsPranav Dedhia
An introduction and in-depth understanding on the importance of Financial ratios in understanding financial statements of business entities along with relevant examples
You have heard it as rising cost of living,these imbalance in total supply of goods and services to rise in commodities, is analysed in Inflation Accounting.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Cost Accounting Vs Management Accounting & Management Accounting Vs Financial...Uttar Tamang ✔
This Slide includes:
1. Cost Accounting Vs Management Accounting
2. Management Accounting Vs Financial Accounting
3. Types of Accounting
4. Difference between Cost, Management and Financial Accounting with basis
Management Accounting - Meaning, Definition, Characteristics, Scope, Objectiv...RajaKrishnan M
Meaning Definition Characteristics Scope Objectives and Function Financial accounting and Management accounting - Management accounting and Cost accounting - Cost accounting and Management accounting and Financial accounting - Tools and Technics- Advantages and limitations
for full text article go to : www.accountingchimp.com/ratio-analysis/
In this article of Ratio Analysis, you will learn how they can be used to analyze a company. Understand the meaning and formulas associated with Liquidity ratios, Profitability ratios, Turnover ratios, and Debt ratios
Single entry system of accounting is on of the easiest methods of preparing financial statements. This presentation discuss the various aspects of Single Entry System of Accounting
what is fund flow statement, current and noncurrent assets and liabilities, objectives, characteristics, and limitations of fund flow statement, how to make fund flow, format of fund flow, sources of fund flow
Financial ratios and their use in understanding Financial StatementsPranav Dedhia
An introduction and in-depth understanding on the importance of Financial ratios in understanding financial statements of business entities along with relevant examples
You have heard it as rising cost of living,these imbalance in total supply of goods and services to rise in commodities, is analysed in Inflation Accounting.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Cost Accounting Vs Management Accounting & Management Accounting Vs Financial...Uttar Tamang ✔
This Slide includes:
1. Cost Accounting Vs Management Accounting
2. Management Accounting Vs Financial Accounting
3. Types of Accounting
4. Difference between Cost, Management and Financial Accounting with basis
Management Accounting - Meaning, Definition, Characteristics, Scope, Objectiv...RajaKrishnan M
Meaning Definition Characteristics Scope Objectives and Function Financial accounting and Management accounting - Management accounting and Cost accounting - Cost accounting and Management accounting and Financial accounting - Tools and Technics- Advantages and limitations
for full text article go to : www.accountingchimp.com/ratio-analysis/
In this article of Ratio Analysis, you will learn how they can be used to analyze a company. Understand the meaning and formulas associated with Liquidity ratios, Profitability ratios, Turnover ratios, and Debt ratios
Single entry system of accounting is on of the easiest methods of preparing financial statements. This presentation discuss the various aspects of Single Entry System of Accounting
what is fund flow statement, current and noncurrent assets and liabilities, objectives, characteristics, and limitations of fund flow statement, how to make fund flow, format of fund flow, sources of fund flow
Financial ratios are created with the use of numerical values taken from financial statements to gain meaningful information about a company. The numbers found on a company’s financial statements – balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement – are used to perform quantitative analysis and assess a company’s liquidity, leverage, growth, margins, profitability, rates of return, valuation, and more.
Modes of Expression of Ratios:
Ratios may be expressed in any one or more of the following ways:
(a) Proportion,
(b) Rate or times
(c) Percentage.
Advantages of Ratio Analysis:
The information shown in financial statements does not signify anything individually because the facts shown are inter-related. Hence it is necessary to establish relationships between various items to reveal significant details and throw light on all notable financial and operational aspects. Ratio analysis caters to the needs of various parties interested in financial statements. The basic objective of ratio analysis is to help management in interpretation of financial statements to enable it to perform the managerial functions efficiently.
Limitations of Ratio Analysis:
Ratios are precious tools in the hands of management but the utility lies in the proper utilisation of ratios. Mishandling or misuse of ratios and using them without proper context may lead the management to a wrong direction. The financial analyst should be well versed in computing ratios and proper utilization of ratios. Like all techniques of control, ratio analysis also suffers from several ‘ifs and buts’ and for proper computation and utilization of ratios the analyst should be aware of the limitations of ratio analysis.
Uses and Users of Financial Ratio Analysis
Analysis of financial ratios serves two main purposes:
1. Track company performance
Determining individual financial ratios per period and tracking the change in their values over time is done to spot trends that may be developing in a company. For example, an increasing debt-to-asset ratio may indicate that a company is overburdened with debt and may eventually be facing default risk.
2. Make comparative judgments regarding company performance
Comparing financial ratios with that of major competitors is done to identify whether a company is performing better or worse than the industry average. For example, comparing the return on assets between companies helps an analyst or investor to determine which company is making the most efficient use of its assets.
Users of financial ratios include parties external and internal to the company:
External users: Financial analysts, retail investors, creditors, competitors, tax authorities, regulatory authorities, and industry observers
Internal users: Management team, employees, and owners
Ratio analysis project on ONGC of year 2010-11 & 2011-12Arjun Negi
Title: ratio analysis for period 2010-11 & 2011-12 : case study of ONGC SCOPE:
a) Ratio Analysis: concept, definition, Objectives, merits and demerits;
b) Calculation of solvency ratios: short term & long term;
c) Analysis of last two year 2010-11 & 2011-12;
d) Conclusion.
( included bibliography, literature review , and ONGC balance sheet )
EEE-BEFA-PPT for business economics and analysis5.1.pptxSAINATHYADAV11
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
(Autonomous)
Dundigal,Hyderabad -500043
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Course Title DATA MINING, WAREHOUSE AND VISULIZATION
Course Code CMB59
Program MBA
Semester IV
Course Type Elective
Regulation IARE–PG21
Course Structure Theory Practical
Lectures Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits
4 - 4 - -
Course Coordinator Ms.L.Sainath Yadav, Assistant Professor
I. COURSEOVERVIEW:
The MBA course on Business Data Mining, Warehouse, and Visualization provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the strategic importance of data in modern business decision-making. The course covers fundamental concepts and techniques related to data mining, emphasizing the extraction of valuable insights from large datasets to inform business strategies. Students learn the principles of data warehousing, exploring how to efficiently store, organize, and retrieve data for analysis. Additionally, the course delves into advanced visualization techniques, equipping students with the skills to communicate complex data findings effectively. Through practical applications and case studies, students gain hands-on experience in leveraging data to enhance organizational decision-making, ultimately preparing them to navigate the data-driven landscape of contemporary business environments.
II. COURSEPRE-REQUISITES:
Level Course Code Semester Prerequisites
PG CMBC19 I Management Information Systems
III. MARKSDISTRIBUTION:
Subject SEE Examination CIA Examination Total Marks
Data Mining, Warehouse And Visualization 70 Marks 30 Marks 100
IV. DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONALMETHODOLOGIES:
✔ Chalk &Talk ✘ Quiz ✔ Assignments ✘ MOOCs
✔ LCD/PPT ✔ Seminars ✘ Mini Project ✔ Videos
✘ Open Ended Experiments
V. EVALUATION METHODOLOGY:
The course will be evaluated for a total of 100 marks, with 30 marks for Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) and 70marks for Semester End Examination (SEE).Out of 30 marks allotted for CIA during the semester, marks are awarded by taking average of two CIA examinations or the marks scored in the make-up examination.
Semester End Examination (SEE):
The SEE is conducted for 70 marks of 3 hours duration. The syllabus for the theory courses is divided into FIVE modules and each module carries equal weight age in terms of marks distribution. The question paper pattern is as follows. Two full questions with “either‟ or ‟choice” will be drawn from each module. Each question carries 14 marks. There could be a maximum of two sub divisions in a question.
The expected percentage of cognitive level of the questions is broadly based on the criteria given inTable:1.
Table1: The expected percentage of cognitive level of questions in SEE.
Percentage of Cognitive Level Blooms Taxonomy Level
10 % Remember
30 % Understand
20 % Apply
20 % Analyze
10 % Evaluate
10 % Create
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):
CIA is conducted for a total of 30 marks (Table 2), with 25 marks for Continuous Internal Examination (CI
Loans and Advances
Principles of Good lending
Creditworthiness of borrowers
Securing advances
Lien
Pledge
Mortgage
Hypothecation
Documents of title to goods
Life Insurance Policy
Fixed Deposit Receipts
Mutual Funds
Government Securities
Gold Loans
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
Significance of negotiable instruments
Features of negotiable instruments
Cheque Meaning
Types of Cheque
MICR – Meaning
Crossing
Crossing of Cheque
Holder in due course
Payment in due course
Endorsement
Paying Banker
Dishonour of Cheque
Statutory protection to a paying Banker
Material Alteration
Statutory protection in case of a Materially altered Cheque
Collecting Banker
Duties and Liabilities of Collecting Banker
Protection of Collection Banker
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BANKER AND CUSTOMER -
GENERAL AND SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP -
SPECIAL TYPES OF CUSTOMERS - CLASSIFICATION AND NATURE - DEPOSIT ACCOUNT -
SAVING BANK DEPOSIT ACCOUNT -
CURRENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT - FIXED DEPOSIT ACCOUNT - RECURRING DEPOST ACCOUNT - OPENING AND CLOSING OF A BANK ACCOUNT - Different Forms Used in Banks - PROS AND CONS OF MULTIPLE BANK ACCOUNTS - PASS BOOK - COMMON MISTAKES THAT OCCUR IN THE PASS BOOK
BANKING - INTRODUCTION - ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BANKS - Meaning of Bank - FEATURES OF BANKING - LICENSING OF BANKS - IMPORTANCE OF BANKING - FUNCTIONS OF BANKS - COMMERCIAL BANKS - TYPE OF BANKING ON THE BASIS OF THEIR FUNCTION - CLASSIFICATION OF BANKS OR BANKING SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURE - FUNCTIONS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS - CENTRAL BANKING - DIFFERENT BETWEEN CENTRAL BANKING AND COMMERCIAL BANKING - RESERVE BANK OF INDIA - ORIGIN - MONETARY POLICY -MEANING - ONLINE BANKING
PRICING
IMPORTANCE OF PRICING
OBJECTIVES OF PRICING DECISIONS
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRICE DETERMINATION
COSTS OF PRICING
NATURE OF THE MARKET AND DEMAND
Meaning and Definition – Management
Nature of Management
Management – Art or Science
Importance of Management
Functions of Management
Advantages of Management
Disadvantages of Management
Process of Management
Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management
Management Thoughts
F.W. Taylor
Peter F. Drucker
Business – Meaning, Nature, Scope
Objectives of Business
Essentials of a successful business
Business Environment
Internal Factors
External Factors
Emerging opportunities in business
E-Commerce
Introduction to Business Organization
Forms of Business Organization
National Business
International Business
Comparing Stability and Sustainability in Agile SystemsRob Healy
Copy of the presentation given at XP2024 based on a research paper.
In this paper we explain wat overwork is and the physical and mental health risks associated with it.
We then explore how overwork relates to system stability and inventory.
Finally there is a call to action for Team Leads / Scrum Masters / Managers to measure and monitor excess work for individual teams.
Org Design is a core skill to be mastered by management for any successful org change.
Org Topologies™ in its essence is a two-dimensional space with 16 distinctive boxes - atomic organizational archetypes. That space helps you to plot your current operating model by positioning individuals, departments, and teams on the map. This will give a profound understanding of the performance of your value-creating organizational ecosystem.
Specific ServPoints should be tailored for restaurants in all food service segments. Your ServPoints should be the centerpiece of brand delivery training (guest service) and align with your brand position and marketing initiatives, especially in high-labor-cost conditions.
408-784-7371
Foodservice Consulting + Design
Integrity in leadership builds trust by ensuring consistency between words an...Ram V Chary
Integrity in leadership builds trust by ensuring consistency between words and actions, making leaders reliable and credible. It also ensures ethical decision-making, which fosters a positive organizational culture and promotes long-term success. #RamVChary
Enriching engagement with ethical review processesstrikingabalance
New ethics review processes at the University of Bath. Presented at the 8th World Conference on Research Integrity by Filipa Vance, Head of Research Governance and Compliance at the University of Bath. June 2024, Athens
The Team Member and Guest Experience - Lead and Take Care of your restaurant team. They are the people closest to and delivering Hospitality to your paying Guests!
Make the call, and we can assist you.
408-784-7371
Foodservice Consulting + Design
Employment PracticesRegulation and Multinational CorporationsRoopaTemkar
Employment PracticesRegulation and Multinational Corporations
Strategic decision making within MNCs constrained or determined by the implementation of laws and codes of practice and by pressure from political actors. Managers in MNCs have to make choices that are shaped by gvmt. intervention and the local economy.
The case study discusses the potential of drone delivery and the challenges that need to be addressed before it becomes widespread.
Key takeaways:
Drone delivery is in its early stages: Amazon's trial in the UK demonstrates the potential for faster deliveries, but it's still limited by regulations and technology.
Regulations are a major hurdle: Safety concerns around drone collisions with airplanes and people have led to restrictions on flight height and location.
Other challenges exist: Who will use drone delivery the most? Is it cost-effective compared to traditional delivery trucks?
Discussion questions:
Managerial challenges: Integrating drones requires planning for new infrastructure, training staff, and navigating regulations. There are also marketing and recruitment considerations specific to this technology.
External forces vary by country: Regulations, consumer acceptance, and infrastructure all differ between countries.
Demographics matter: Younger generations might be more receptive to drone delivery, while older populations might have concerns.
Stakeholders for Amazon: Customers, regulators, aviation authorities, and competitors are all stakeholders. Regulators likely hold the greatest influence as they determine the feasibility of drone delivery.
Public Speaking Tips to Help You Be A Strong Leader.pdfPinta Partners
In the realm of effective leadership, a multitude of skills come into play, but one stands out as both crucial and challenging: public speaking.
Public speaking transcends mere eloquence; it serves as the medium through which leaders articulate their vision, inspire action, and foster engagement. For leaders, refining public speaking skills is essential, elevating their ability to influence, persuade, and lead with resolute conviction. Here are some key tips to consider: https://joellandau.com/the-public-speaking-tips-to-help-you-be-a-stronger-leader/
2. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY RATIO ANALYSIS?
A ratio is a mathematical relationship between two
items expressed in a quantitative form. Ratio analysis
involves the process of computing, determining and
presenting the relationship of items or groups of items
in the financial statements.
3. Steps in ratio analysis
Selection of Relevant Information: The first step in
ratio analysis is to select relevant information from
financial statements and calculate appropriate ratios
required for decision under consideration.
Comparison of Calculated Ratios: In order to assess
the relative meaning the ratios calculated are
compared with the past ratios and industry ratios.
Interpretation and Reporting: This is the final step
where inferences are made and the report is written.
The report recommends specific action and present
alternatives with enables the decision making.
4. STATE THE MODES OF EXPRESSION OF RATIOS.
Ratios may be expressed in any one or more of the
following ways:
In proportion: In this type of expression the amounts of
two items are expressed in a common denominator. An
example of this form of expression is the relationship
between current assets and current liabilities as 2:1
In rates or times of Coefficient: In this type of
expression, a quotient obtained by dividing one item by
another is taken as unit of expression. E.g. cost of sales
divided by average stock.
In percentage: In this type of expression, a quotient
obtained by dividing on item by another is multiplied by
one hundred to show the relationship in terms of
percentage. E.g. relationship between net profit and sales.
5. ADVANTAGES OF RATIO ANALYSIS.
Managerial Control
Forecasting
Facilitates Communication
Measuring Efficiency
Facilitating Investment Decisions
Useful in Measuring Financial Solvency
Inter firm Comparisons
6. LIMITATIONS OF RATIO ANALYSIS
Practical Knowledge
Ratios are Means
Inter Relationship
Non Availability of Standards or Norms
Accuracy of Financial Information
Consistency in Preparation of Financial
Statements
Detachment from Financial Statements
Time Lag
Change in Price Level
7. CLASSIFICATION OF RATIOS
Solvency Ratios: Short term and long term solvency ratios.
E.g.: Current ratio, Debt equity ratio.
Profitability Ratios: E.g.: Gross profit ratio, Net profit ratio,
Operating profit ratio, Return on capital employed.
Turnover or Activity Ratio: E.g.: Stock turnover ratio,
Debtors turnover ratio, Creditors turnover ratio.
Capital Structure Ratio: E.g.: Capital gearing ratio.
8. CURRENT RATIO
This ratio is also called ‘working capital ratio’. It
is used to assess the short-term financial position of
the business concern. In other words, it is an indicator
of the company’s ability to meet its short-term
obligations. It matches the total current assets of the
company against its current liabilities. It is calculated
on the basis of the following formula:
9. QUICK RATIO OR LIQUID RATIO
This ratio is also known as the “acid test ratio”
or “the quick ratio” or “the near money ratio”. It is
only a variation of current ratio. Like current ratio, it
measures the ability of the company to meet its current
obligations. It explains the relationship between liquid
assets and current liabilities. The formula for
calculating the ratio is:
10. Absolute liquidity ratio: This ratio is also called, ‘cash
position ratio’ or ‘cash ratio’ or ‘super quick ratio’. This
ratio establishes relationship between absolute liquid
assets and current liabilities. Absolute liquid assets
include cash, bank and immediately realizable assets
e.g. marketable securities. This ratio is computed with
the help of the following formula