This document provides an overview of thinking and the human mind. It defines mind as the faculty of consciousness and thought that enables awareness and thinking. Thinking involves three fundamental operations: apprehension where the mind forms ideas of reality, judgment where the mind evaluates ideas as true or false, and inference where the mind arrives at reasoned conclusions. Truth is defined as the conformity between judgments and reality, and can take logical, ontological, or moral forms.
3. Objectives:
• To provide an overview on Man: The
Thinker;
• To define what is Mind and what
synonymous to mind;
• To identify the 3 fundamentals
operation of Thinking; and
• To define what is Truth and its
characteristics.
4. • Like all animals, man also possesses
brain. Has but man has mind or
intellect, and man intrinsically
equipped with capability to think.
5. Man has a nine senses
EXTERNAL SENSE
• Vision
• Taste
• Smell
• Hearing
• Touch
INTERNAL SENSE
• Imagination
• Consciousness
• Memory
• Instinct
7. MIND
• the element of a person that enables
them to be aware of the world and
their experiences, to think, and to
feel; the faculty of consciousness and
thought.
8. • Is MIND synonymous with
Intellect, Understanding
and Thinking?
9. • INTELLECT AND
UNDERSTANDING SYNONYMOUS
WITH MIND.
• When you say Intellect, we mean
mind or understanding.
• When we say Understanding, we
mean mind or intellect.
10. • Mind and Intellect are potentialities
towards understanding so that it is
understanding appears as the
resultant factor of the activations of
Mind or Intellect.
11. • When man uses his mind
which means thinking – Man
can eventually acquire
understanding.
13. • The answer lies in the fact that
understanding, as the result of man’s
activation of mind or intellect.
14. • THINKING IS NOT SYNONYMOUS
WITH MIND OR INTELLECT OR
UNDERSTANDING.
WHY?
15. • Because is in itself an activity . It is
when man activates mind or intellect
that man thinks so that when man
thinks man can arrive at
understanding.
16. • Thinking can be construed in
threefold perspective
– First, it is a mental activity
– Second, as a mental activity, man
thinks when man is in control of his
mind.
– Third, as man uses or control his
mind, he engages in an
introspective or subjective
empirical activity.
18. Apprehension
• The mind encounters a reality and
forms of an idea of the reality.
• The mind forms an idea of reality
through abstraction
19. Judgment
• The mind appraises, pronounces or
judges whether the reality is either
true or false.
• Judgment can be:
– Affirmative judgment
– Negative judgment
20. Inference
• The human mind engages in
reasoning.
• Reasoning- is a process whereby the
mind arrives at a reason or inferred
judgment.
21. • Reasoning involves three judgments
– The two judgments are being carefully
studied whether they correlate with each
other or not.
– the third judgment serves as the
conclusion or the inferred judgments.
22. • Man thinks because man wants to
unconceal truth.
25. • Truth is divided into three:
– Logical truth
– Ontological truth
– Moral truth
26. Logical truth
• Conformity of the intellect with a
thing.
• The thing serves as the basis to
which the intellect conforms.
27. Ontological truth
• Conformity of the thing with the
intellect.
• The intellect which serves as the
basis to which the thing must
conform.
28. Moral truth
• Conformity of speech with the inner
thought.
TRUTH has its contradiction which is
FALSITY.
29. • Logical Falsity- disconformity of the
intellect with the thing; called ERROR
• Ontological Falsity- disconformity of
the thing with the intellect.
• Moral Falsity- disconformity of
speech with thought; called LIE
30. Characteristics of truth
• It is being localized in human intellect
• It is immutable
• It is absolute
• It is eternal