forest and wildlife resources class 10

1. FOREST AND
WILDLIFE
RESOURCES
DONE BY KENISHA, PRIYAL ,DAIVI

2. VANISHING FOREST
Vanishing forests are woods that have been removed by people for a variety of
reasons. Deforestation is the term for this process. The term 'vanishing' is used to
describe how the woods are vanishing.
The top cause of forests vanishing is the development in agriculture. Agriculture is the cause of
80% of deforestation in the world. This includes peasant agriculture in developing countries.
Industrialization is the second leading cause of deforestation.
Forests are very important for the sustainability of
wildlife. The total area covered by forest cover in the
world is 4.06 billion hectares. This is 31% of the world’s
total area. This is not divided equally. Due to recent
activities and industrialization, forest cover is
depleting.

3. FOREST
Types of Indian Forest
* Moist tropical forest.*
* Dry tropical forest.
* Montane temperate forest.
* Montane sub tropical forest
* Alpine forest.
* We depend on forests for our survival, from the air we breathe to the wood we use. Besides
providing habitats for animals and livelihoods for humans, forests also offer watershed
protection, prevent soil erosion and mitigate climate change.
* A forest can be defined as a region with a high density of trees. Forest is the habitat for a
variety of living beings including plants, animals and microorganisms.

4. WILDLIFE RESOURCES
* Wildlife resources means fish, wildlife, and their aquatic and
terrestrial habitats. Wildlife resources as used herein include
birds, fishes, mammals, and all other classes of wild animals
and all types of aquatic and land vegetation upon which
wildlife is dependent.”
From micro-organisms and bacteria, lichens to banyan trees,
elephants, and blue whales, there is a vast multitude of living
organisms found on the earth. Sadly, the human beings today have
transformed the nature and wildlife into a resource.
a resource obtaining directly and indirectly from the forests and wildlife –
wood, barks, leaves, rubber, medicines, dyes, food, fuel, fodder, manure,
etc. There are 567 existing wildlife sanctuaries in India covering an area of 122,564.86 km2,
which is 3.73% of the geographical area of the country

5. BIODIVERSITY
• Biodiversity is defined as the variety of all living things; the different plants, animals and
microorganisms, the genetic information they contain and the ecosystems they form.
Biodiversity is usually explored at three levels - genetic diversity, species diversity and
ecosystem diversity.
* Biodiversity is the sum total of all the varieties of species of plants, animals and micro-
organisms living on the earth. It also includes the habitat in which they live. Some
scientists estimate that more than 10 million species live on our earth and some believe
that this number can be more than 100 million.
Biodiversity conservation refers to the protection,
preservation, and management of ecosystems and
natural habitats and ensuring that they are healthy
and functional. To protect and preserve species
diversity.

6. FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA
All the species of plants and trees found in a region are collectively called the flora of the
region. The species of animals found in a region are collectively called the fauna of the
region. India is home to around 1.6 million or nearly 8% of all the species of flora and fauna
found in the world.
Flora refers to all plant life and fauna refers to all
animal life. Fauna cannot prepare their own food so
they depend upon the flora for their food.
-Out of the total 47,000 species found in India, around 5,000 of them are exclusively found
here.
The reason for the rich heritage of flora and fauna in India, is due to varied climatic conditions in
India, presence of many rivers, presence of rich and variety of soils. India has varied physiological
features like plateau, deserts, coastal areas, islands, mountains.
Some examples of flora include- grasslands, forests, flowering and non-flowering plants and
trees. A few examples of fauna include- birds, animals, fish, insects, etc.

7. TYPES OF SPECIES
* NORMAL SPECIES - Normal species are the
species whose population levels are considered
to be normal for their survival, such as cattle,
sal, pine, rodents, etc.
* Normal species are found in forests easily.**
* Endangered Species - These are species which are
in danger of extinction. The survival of such species is
difficult if the negative factors that have led to ablac
decline in their population continue to operate(
* An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by
extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of
habitat and loss of genetic variation. A loss of habitat can happen
naturally. Dinosaurs, for instance, lost their habitat about 65 million years
ago.

8. Vulnerable species - A vulnerable species is a species
which has been categorized by the International Union
for Conservation of Nature as being threatened with
extinction unless the circumstances that are threatening
its survival and reproduction improve. Examples are blue
sheep ,Asiatic elephant and etc .
* These are the species whose population has
declined so much that they are likely to move into
endangered category in the near future, if negative
factors continue to operate.
RARE species - A rare species is a group of organisms
that are very uncommon, scarce, or infrequently
encountered. This designation may be applied to
either a plant or animal taxon, and is distinct from the
term endangered or threatened.
* species with small population may move into
endangered or vulnerable category if negative
factors affecting them continue to operate .
Examples are Himalayan brown bears ,desert fox .

9. ENDEMIC SPECIES - The endemic species are important to maintain
a balance in the ecosystem. A balanced ecosystem purifies the
environment and provides us with fresh air to breathe. When an
endemic plant species becomes extinct, it takes with it around 10 to
30 endemic animal species. They are the focus for the conservation
of biodiversity.
* Endemism is a term used in biology to talk about
the distribution of a taxon limited to a small
geographic area and which can therefore be found
naturally in this place. In consequence, endemic
species are those that live in a limited area.
EXTINCT SPECIES - these are species which are not
found after searches of known or likely areas where
they may ocour . A species may be extinct from a
local area , region ,country , continent or whole
earth . Examples are pink head duck ,Asiatic
cheetah .
* Endemic species are not included in the red data
book.

10. WHY DO WE NEED CONSERVATION OF FOREST
AND WILDLIFE RESOURES
Conservation of forest is the practice of planting more trees and maintaining the forested areas for
the sustainability for future generations. Forests are an important natural resource and are beneficial
to humans in several ways.
The conservation of wildlife is necessary for prevention of drought, new deserts, fires as well as flood.
Also, this conservation ensures that the upcoming generations of human and wildlife will be
surrounded by nature thereby loving it and understanding the significance of wildlife.
The wildlife conservation is a method of protecting wild species and their natural habitat from the
various threats like poaching, killing, smuggling etc. by protecting them; we can enhance, restore
and protect the ecosystem.
Forest conservation is the practice of planning and maintaining forested areas for the benefit and
sustainability of future generations. Forest conservation involves the upkeep of the natural resources
within a forest that are beneficial for humans also.
fisheries are too heavily dependent on the maintenace of aquatic biodiversity . IN the 1960s and
1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programe

11. TYPES OF FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURSES
RESERVED FOREST - These are the forests, which enjoy
judicial fortification based on legitimate systems.
These are the protected forests with the natural
habitat exhibiting a high degree of protection from
any kind of poaching and hunting.
PROTECTED FOREST - A protected forest is a forest
with some amount of legal or constitutional
protection, or where the habitat and resident species
are legally accorded protection from further
depletion. Protected forests of India were introduced
in the Indian Forest Act, 1927 in British India and were
retained after Indian independence.
UNCLASSED FOREST - Unclassed forests are considered as forest and wastelands
belonging to the government as well as private individuals and communities. The majority
of these are found in the Northeastern states of India. Forests that don't fall into the
category of unreserved and protected forests fall into this category.

12. COMMUNITY AND CONSERVATION
Conservation reserves and community reserves in India are terms denoting protected areas of
India which typically act as buffer zones to or connectors and migration corridors between
established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserved and protected forests of India.
The famous Chipko Movement, started in 1970's, was a non violent movement aimed at
protection and conservation of trees and forests from being destroyed. The name of the Chipko
moment originated from the word 'embrace' as the villagers used to hug the trees and protect
them from wood cutters from cutting them.
Beej Bachao Andolan means Save our Seeds. It also promotes traditional agricultural
practices. Farmers and citizen's groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and
Navdanya have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the
use of synthetic chemicals are possible and economically viable.
The objective of community-based conservation is to actively involve and give some
control to members of local communities in conservation efforts which may affect them,
and incorporate improvement to the lives of local people while conserving areas through
the creation of national parks or wildlife refuges.

13. MIND MAP RECAL OF CHAPTER

15. https://youtu.be/hTM3zyMmjIs
https://youtu.be/TSwcm6lPIUE
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16. QUESTIONS
1. What is biodiversity ?
ANS ; Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, or on an entire
planet. There are millions of living organisms on planet earth. All these living organisms, including
man, are interdependent on each other.
2. Why is forest called biodiversity?
ANS ;Forests are called biodiversity hotspots because they host a diverse range of living forms such as
bacteria, fungus, ferns, flowering plants, insects, birds, reptiles, nematodes, and other organisms. The
biodiversity of an area can be measured by the number of species found there.
3 .Name six groups of flora and fauna under which they are classified by International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). DEFINE ?
ans ; Forests are divided into three types: Reserved Forests, Protected Forests and Unclassed Forests.
Over 50% of the forests in India have been declared reserved forests.
4. How can we protect wildlife?
ANS ; Saving Habitat. Another important way to protect wildlife is helping to keep their Habitat
intact. ... Resorting to Eco-friendly Products. ... Creating a Wildlife-friendly home Planting Trees.
Feeding animals and birds going to wildlife proctecting forums . RESTOREING WILDLIFE HABITAT.