This document provides a summary of a project about malware problems and solutions. It investigates four types of malware (viruses, worms, Trojans, and spyware) and provides three effective countermeasures (firewalls, security software, and training). The project was completed by Mariwan Hama Saeed for their computer science master's program and contains 3095 words.
Computer security risks include viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and other malware that can damage systems. Viruses are programs that can replicate and spread from one computer to another, while worms copy themselves and spread without user interaction. Trojan horses appear to have useful functions but secretly perform unwanted actions. Antivirus programs identify and remove viruses, worms, and Trojan horses, and must be frequently updated. Firewalls, passwords, backups, and avoiding opening suspicious email attachments help protect against security risks.
Viruses spread by infecting executable programs, which then infect other programs when they are run. As infected programs are executed by different users who have authority over other programs and files, the virus can propagate throughout the system. Standard protection mechanisms in time-sharing systems are not sufficient to prevent the spread of viruses in this manner.
A computer virus is a type of malicious software that replicates itself by modifying other computer programs to include a copy of the virus code. When executed, the virus code replicates itself and spreads to other programs on the infected system. Viruses cause economic damage by corrupting data, reducing system performance, and stealing personal information. They typically target Windows systems and use techniques like encryption, polymorphism, and metamorphism to avoid detection by antivirus software.
This document discusses different types of malicious software including viruses, trojan horses, worms, and spyware. It provides details on how each type spreads and the harm they can cause. Viruses spread by infecting other files or programs and can corrupt data or disrupt systems. Trojan horses disguise harmful programs as legitimate ones. Worms replicate across networks and can delete files or disrupt systems. The document outlines strategies for prevention, detection, and removal of malicious software.
The document discusses different types of malware like worms, spyware, Trojan horses, and adware. It then describes how antivirus technologies use static and dynamic signatures to detect malware. Some techniques viruses use to evade detection like metamorphism and slow infection are also covered. An example Timid virus code is provided to demonstrate overwriting virus behavior.
The document discusses computer software concepts including operating systems, application software, standard file formats, and computer viruses. It defines an operating system as the program that manages memory, storage, security and input/output, with examples like Windows and Linux. Application software performs specific tasks for users like word processing and spreadsheets. Standard file formats allow files to be opened across different applications, and examples of text, image, and spreadsheet formats are provided. The document also describes how computer viruses work, how they spread, symptoms of infection, and the need for antivirus software to detect and remove viruses.
1. The document discusses types of computer viruses, how they infect systems, and methods for detecting and preventing viral infections. It covers system/boot sector viruses, file viruses, macro viruses, polymorphic viruses, and others.
2. Detection methods discussed include scanning for virus signatures, integrity checking, interception, code emulation, and heuristic analysis. The document also lists countermeasures like installing antivirus software and regularly updating and running scans.
3. Real world examples of viruses are mentioned, like the "I LOVE YOU" virus from 2000 which spread through email attachments and caused major disruptions.
Malicious Software Presentation made by Minhal Abbas and Muhammad Zain.(CASE UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.)
OUTLINE
Malware , origin , Latest Threads , Virus , Worms , Trojan Horse and how to be secure.
Office 16 Powerpoint WIdescreen
Computer security risks include viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and other malware that can damage systems. Viruses are programs that can replicate and spread from one computer to another, while worms copy themselves and spread without user interaction. Trojan horses appear to have useful functions but secretly perform unwanted actions. Antivirus programs identify and remove viruses, worms, and Trojan horses, and must be frequently updated. Firewalls, passwords, backups, and avoiding opening suspicious email attachments help protect against security risks.
Viruses spread by infecting executable programs, which then infect other programs when they are run. As infected programs are executed by different users who have authority over other programs and files, the virus can propagate throughout the system. Standard protection mechanisms in time-sharing systems are not sufficient to prevent the spread of viruses in this manner.
A computer virus is a type of malicious software that replicates itself by modifying other computer programs to include a copy of the virus code. When executed, the virus code replicates itself and spreads to other programs on the infected system. Viruses cause economic damage by corrupting data, reducing system performance, and stealing personal information. They typically target Windows systems and use techniques like encryption, polymorphism, and metamorphism to avoid detection by antivirus software.
This document discusses different types of malicious software including viruses, trojan horses, worms, and spyware. It provides details on how each type spreads and the harm they can cause. Viruses spread by infecting other files or programs and can corrupt data or disrupt systems. Trojan horses disguise harmful programs as legitimate ones. Worms replicate across networks and can delete files or disrupt systems. The document outlines strategies for prevention, detection, and removal of malicious software.
The document discusses different types of malware like worms, spyware, Trojan horses, and adware. It then describes how antivirus technologies use static and dynamic signatures to detect malware. Some techniques viruses use to evade detection like metamorphism and slow infection are also covered. An example Timid virus code is provided to demonstrate overwriting virus behavior.
The document discusses computer software concepts including operating systems, application software, standard file formats, and computer viruses. It defines an operating system as the program that manages memory, storage, security and input/output, with examples like Windows and Linux. Application software performs specific tasks for users like word processing and spreadsheets. Standard file formats allow files to be opened across different applications, and examples of text, image, and spreadsheet formats are provided. The document also describes how computer viruses work, how they spread, symptoms of infection, and the need for antivirus software to detect and remove viruses.
1. The document discusses types of computer viruses, how they infect systems, and methods for detecting and preventing viral infections. It covers system/boot sector viruses, file viruses, macro viruses, polymorphic viruses, and others.
2. Detection methods discussed include scanning for virus signatures, integrity checking, interception, code emulation, and heuristic analysis. The document also lists countermeasures like installing antivirus software and regularly updating and running scans.
3. Real world examples of viruses are mentioned, like the "I LOVE YOU" virus from 2000 which spread through email attachments and caused major disruptions.
Malicious Software Presentation made by Minhal Abbas and Muhammad Zain.(CASE UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.)
OUTLINE
Malware , origin , Latest Threads , Virus , Worms , Trojan Horse and how to be secure.
Office 16 Powerpoint WIdescreen
This document discusses operating system protection and security. It defines protection as controlling access to system resources and ensuring enforcement of access policies. The goals of protection are to ensure objects are only accessed correctly by allowed processes. Security focuses on malicious external threats, while protection handles internal access control. The document outlines various attacks, authentication methods, and types of malware like viruses, worms, and trojans. It also describes domain-based access control and implementation in UNIX using user IDs.
The document discusses several guidelines for improving operating system security:
1) It provides tips for securing Windows systems such as enabling BitLocker, creating strong passwords, applying updates, and using the Windows firewall.
2) It explains how malware can propagate through email attachments, infected websites, USB drives and other methods.
3) Mac malware was previously rare but is becoming more common as the Mac market share increases, potentially validating a previous security prediction.
1) Computer viruses have become a major concern as internet usage has increased, allowing viruses to spread more easily.
2) There are different types of viruses like file viruses, boot sector viruses, and macro viruses that infect different parts of a computer.
3) Viruses most commonly spread through the internet by infecting files that are then shared online. They can also spread through removable media like floppy disks.
4) To prevent virus infection, users should use antivirus software, avoid opening files from unknown sources, and only run programs from trusted commercial sources. They should also make sure their systems are updated with the latest security patches.
This document discusses computer viruses, including their symptoms, how they spread, types of viruses, and prevention methods. A computer virus is a program that replicates itself and damages computer files and memory. Viruses can slow computer performance, reduce available memory, and cause data loss. They spread through email attachments, downloads, removable drives, and infected computers. There are different types like boot sector viruses and Trojans. The document recommends installing antivirus software, regularly updating it, avoiding unknown file sources, and only downloading software from trusted sources to prevent virus infections.
Secure System Password (SSP) Application for NT Editor Hacking Tooliosrjce
In windows, the password will be stored in SAM registry by default. This SAM registry hides the
windows password when the system is in ON state. The password in SAM registry will be cleared or changed by
using NT Editor Tool. So that data can be accessed by any user. Security for the windows will be done by the
proposed system as an application. If the user wants to install new OS then the data in the hard disk will be
encrypted for prevention of unauthorized access. The application will be start monitoring to avoid password remodification
or clearing the password. Features in this application is, if the user hacks the application
password, SSP does not allow the users to access USB, Ethernet and CD/DVD drive. Application will stop the
access of the driver ports, until it is re-installed or the password is set right.
Ramnit is a worm that spreads through removable drives by infecting files. The worm (W32.Ramnit) was first discovered in early 2010 and later that year, a second variant of Ramnit (W32.Ramnit.B) was identified. Since then, Ramnit’s operators have made considerable upgrades to the threat, including implementing the use of modules, which was borrowed from the leaked source code of the Zeus banking Trojan (Trojan.Zbot) in May 2011.
Currently, Ramnit’s operators are primarily focused on information-stealing tactics, targeting data such as passwords and online banking login credentials. They also install remote access tools on affected computers in order to maintain back door connectivity. It is estimated that the Ramnit botnet may consist of up to 350,000 compromised computers worldwide.
Types of malicious software and remediesManish Kumar
Malware comes in many forms, including viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses, and more. Viruses can replicate and spread, worms self-replicate to use system resources, and spyware collects user data without permission. Rootkits conceal running processes and files to maintain unauthorized access. It is important to use antivirus software, keep systems updated, avoid suspicious emails/links, and be wary of unauthorized programs.
Malicious code, such as viruses and worms, can attach themselves to programs and spread by modifying other programs as they run. They can cause harm by deleting files, displaying messages, or preventing systems from booting properly. Viruses embed themselves in target programs by overwriting code, changing file pointers, or inserting themselves in boot sectors or memory-resident programs. They are able to spread through networks or by infecting files shared between systems. Viruses can be detected by analyzing their code storage and execution patterns, or how they transmit from one system to another.
This document discusses malware and provides information about common types of malware like viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, and adware. It then discusses antivirus and anti-spyware software that can be used to protect systems from malware by identifying, removing, and preventing malware infections. Regularly updating antivirus software and scanning systems is recommended to keep systems secure from evolving malware threats.
best system restore software, best hard drive recovery tools, best restore software, virus recovery tools, security programs for pc, recover information from hard drive, compare internet security programs, pc file recovery, windows repair virus, best file restore software, best home pc security software
list of Deception as well as detection techniques for malewareAJAY VISHKARMA
This document is a thesis presentation that discusses the use of deception techniques in malware attacks and defense mechanisms. It is presented by Ajay Kumar Vishkarma to fulfill the requirements for a Master of Technology degree in Computer Science. The presentation contains 4 chapters: (1) Malware, which defines malware and discusses different types like viruses, worms, Trojans etc. and their effects; (2) Malware detection techniques; (3) Deception techniques used by attackers; and (4) Deception techniques used by defenders.
1. The document discusses how to install an operating system and provides information about operating systems. It defines an operating system and describes basic tasks like controlling memory, input/output devices, and file systems.
2. Types of operating systems discussed include single-user systems like DOS and multi-user systems like Unix. Microsoft Windows is analyzed along with its types from Windows XP to Windows 10.
3. Advantages of Windows include ease of use and available software while disadvantages include being closed source and susceptibility to viruses. Steps for installing Windows are listed but not described in detail.
Exploitation and distribution of setuid and setgid binaries on Linux systemsZero Science Lab
Abstract—In an era of internet freedom, lack of control and supervision, every system is exposed to various attackers and malicious users which, given the right circumstances, are able to cause colossal damage. A single security vulnerability can be the reason for a business’ downfall, therefore significant attention needs to be paid to said systems’ security to avoid such issues. Unix-like filesystems define certain access rights flags, named setuid and setgid, which allow users to execute files with the permissions of the file’s owner or group. This can be exploited to gain unprivileged access using buffer overflow attacks. I performed tests by running a script to collect the files in Ubuntu, Debian, Slackware, Fedora and CentOS to find the files with the setuid and setgid bits set. My aim is to determine which distribution is the most secure one and whether Slackware, considering it’s known for its’ secure design and characteristics, will prove its’ reputation. The results show that Debian and CentOS have e least amount of exploitable binaries, while Slackware and Fedora have the most.
Computer viruses replicate by inserting copies of themselves into other programs and files. They can steal resources like disk space or CPU time from infected systems. There are several types of malware like trojan horses, worms, boot viruses, and resident viruses. Trojan horses appear useful but conceal malicious functions. Worms self-replicate through email or other means. Boot viruses infect the boot sector to run when a computer starts. Resident viruses remain in memory to infect files during specific system functions. Destructive viruses are specifically designed to delete data and destroy hard drives and systems. New media like phones and handhelds with internet access are also at risk of malware attacks affecting performance.
Operating systems security 2007 vulnerability reportAjit Gaddam
Windows Vista had fewer total vulnerabilities (44) than Windows XP (61) in 2007. Windows Vista security updates occurred over fewer patch events (9 weeks) than Windows XP (12 weeks). On average, vulnerabilities took longer to patch in both Windows Vista (163.69 days) and Windows XP (161.52 days). The report analyzed vulnerability and patch data to compare the security of various operating systems in 2007, finding that Windows Vista had a lower vulnerability profile than Windows XP based on these metrics.
This document discusses utility programs, which are system software that allows users to perform maintenance tasks like managing files. It identifies seven common types of utility programs: file managers, disk cleanups, compression tools, anti-virus programs, spyware removers, disk defragmenters, and backup and restore utilities. Each type is described in one or two sentences explaining its basic function.
This document discusses security challenges that arise in virtual machine based computing environments. It identifies issues such as rapid scaling of virtual machines, transience of machines, non-linear software lifecycles due to rolling back machines, and difficulties establishing machine identity. It proposes moving security functions like firewalling and virus scanning from guest operating systems to a ubiquitous virtualization layer to help address problems of scale, mobility and enforcing security policies across diverse and transient virtual machines.
A computer virus is malware that alters normal computer functioning without permission by replacing executable files and propagating through software. Viruses can destroy data intentionally or be annoying. They run when an infected program is used, reside in RAM, take control of the operating system to infect other executable files, and write infected programs to disk to replicate fully.
This document discusses computer viruses and antivirus software. It provides an overview of infection strategies used by viruses, methods to identify viruses, and statistics on the impacts of viruses. It then covers the history of early computer viruses from 1971 to 1986. The document also includes diagrams depicting virus encounter vectors and the impact of vulnerabilities. It describes virus signature definitions and scanning techniques used by antivirus software to detect and remove viruses from systems and networks.
This document discusses operating system protection and security. It defines protection as controlling access to system resources and ensuring enforcement of access policies. The goals of protection are to ensure objects are only accessed correctly by allowed processes. Security focuses on malicious external threats, while protection handles internal access control. The document outlines various attacks, authentication methods, and types of malware like viruses, worms, and trojans. It also describes domain-based access control and implementation in UNIX using user IDs.
The document discusses several guidelines for improving operating system security:
1) It provides tips for securing Windows systems such as enabling BitLocker, creating strong passwords, applying updates, and using the Windows firewall.
2) It explains how malware can propagate through email attachments, infected websites, USB drives and other methods.
3) Mac malware was previously rare but is becoming more common as the Mac market share increases, potentially validating a previous security prediction.
1) Computer viruses have become a major concern as internet usage has increased, allowing viruses to spread more easily.
2) There are different types of viruses like file viruses, boot sector viruses, and macro viruses that infect different parts of a computer.
3) Viruses most commonly spread through the internet by infecting files that are then shared online. They can also spread through removable media like floppy disks.
4) To prevent virus infection, users should use antivirus software, avoid opening files from unknown sources, and only run programs from trusted commercial sources. They should also make sure their systems are updated with the latest security patches.
This document discusses computer viruses, including their symptoms, how they spread, types of viruses, and prevention methods. A computer virus is a program that replicates itself and damages computer files and memory. Viruses can slow computer performance, reduce available memory, and cause data loss. They spread through email attachments, downloads, removable drives, and infected computers. There are different types like boot sector viruses and Trojans. The document recommends installing antivirus software, regularly updating it, avoiding unknown file sources, and only downloading software from trusted sources to prevent virus infections.
Secure System Password (SSP) Application for NT Editor Hacking Tooliosrjce
In windows, the password will be stored in SAM registry by default. This SAM registry hides the
windows password when the system is in ON state. The password in SAM registry will be cleared or changed by
using NT Editor Tool. So that data can be accessed by any user. Security for the windows will be done by the
proposed system as an application. If the user wants to install new OS then the data in the hard disk will be
encrypted for prevention of unauthorized access. The application will be start monitoring to avoid password remodification
or clearing the password. Features in this application is, if the user hacks the application
password, SSP does not allow the users to access USB, Ethernet and CD/DVD drive. Application will stop the
access of the driver ports, until it is re-installed or the password is set right.
Ramnit is a worm that spreads through removable drives by infecting files. The worm (W32.Ramnit) was first discovered in early 2010 and later that year, a second variant of Ramnit (W32.Ramnit.B) was identified. Since then, Ramnit’s operators have made considerable upgrades to the threat, including implementing the use of modules, which was borrowed from the leaked source code of the Zeus banking Trojan (Trojan.Zbot) in May 2011.
Currently, Ramnit’s operators are primarily focused on information-stealing tactics, targeting data such as passwords and online banking login credentials. They also install remote access tools on affected computers in order to maintain back door connectivity. It is estimated that the Ramnit botnet may consist of up to 350,000 compromised computers worldwide.
Types of malicious software and remediesManish Kumar
Malware comes in many forms, including viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses, and more. Viruses can replicate and spread, worms self-replicate to use system resources, and spyware collects user data without permission. Rootkits conceal running processes and files to maintain unauthorized access. It is important to use antivirus software, keep systems updated, avoid suspicious emails/links, and be wary of unauthorized programs.
Malicious code, such as viruses and worms, can attach themselves to programs and spread by modifying other programs as they run. They can cause harm by deleting files, displaying messages, or preventing systems from booting properly. Viruses embed themselves in target programs by overwriting code, changing file pointers, or inserting themselves in boot sectors or memory-resident programs. They are able to spread through networks or by infecting files shared between systems. Viruses can be detected by analyzing their code storage and execution patterns, or how they transmit from one system to another.
This document discusses malware and provides information about common types of malware like viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, and adware. It then discusses antivirus and anti-spyware software that can be used to protect systems from malware by identifying, removing, and preventing malware infections. Regularly updating antivirus software and scanning systems is recommended to keep systems secure from evolving malware threats.
best system restore software, best hard drive recovery tools, best restore software, virus recovery tools, security programs for pc, recover information from hard drive, compare internet security programs, pc file recovery, windows repair virus, best file restore software, best home pc security software
list of Deception as well as detection techniques for malewareAJAY VISHKARMA
This document is a thesis presentation that discusses the use of deception techniques in malware attacks and defense mechanisms. It is presented by Ajay Kumar Vishkarma to fulfill the requirements for a Master of Technology degree in Computer Science. The presentation contains 4 chapters: (1) Malware, which defines malware and discusses different types like viruses, worms, Trojans etc. and their effects; (2) Malware detection techniques; (3) Deception techniques used by attackers; and (4) Deception techniques used by defenders.
1. The document discusses how to install an operating system and provides information about operating systems. It defines an operating system and describes basic tasks like controlling memory, input/output devices, and file systems.
2. Types of operating systems discussed include single-user systems like DOS and multi-user systems like Unix. Microsoft Windows is analyzed along with its types from Windows XP to Windows 10.
3. Advantages of Windows include ease of use and available software while disadvantages include being closed source and susceptibility to viruses. Steps for installing Windows are listed but not described in detail.
Exploitation and distribution of setuid and setgid binaries on Linux systemsZero Science Lab
Abstract—In an era of internet freedom, lack of control and supervision, every system is exposed to various attackers and malicious users which, given the right circumstances, are able to cause colossal damage. A single security vulnerability can be the reason for a business’ downfall, therefore significant attention needs to be paid to said systems’ security to avoid such issues. Unix-like filesystems define certain access rights flags, named setuid and setgid, which allow users to execute files with the permissions of the file’s owner or group. This can be exploited to gain unprivileged access using buffer overflow attacks. I performed tests by running a script to collect the files in Ubuntu, Debian, Slackware, Fedora and CentOS to find the files with the setuid and setgid bits set. My aim is to determine which distribution is the most secure one and whether Slackware, considering it’s known for its’ secure design and characteristics, will prove its’ reputation. The results show that Debian and CentOS have e least amount of exploitable binaries, while Slackware and Fedora have the most.
Computer viruses replicate by inserting copies of themselves into other programs and files. They can steal resources like disk space or CPU time from infected systems. There are several types of malware like trojan horses, worms, boot viruses, and resident viruses. Trojan horses appear useful but conceal malicious functions. Worms self-replicate through email or other means. Boot viruses infect the boot sector to run when a computer starts. Resident viruses remain in memory to infect files during specific system functions. Destructive viruses are specifically designed to delete data and destroy hard drives and systems. New media like phones and handhelds with internet access are also at risk of malware attacks affecting performance.
Operating systems security 2007 vulnerability reportAjit Gaddam
Windows Vista had fewer total vulnerabilities (44) than Windows XP (61) in 2007. Windows Vista security updates occurred over fewer patch events (9 weeks) than Windows XP (12 weeks). On average, vulnerabilities took longer to patch in both Windows Vista (163.69 days) and Windows XP (161.52 days). The report analyzed vulnerability and patch data to compare the security of various operating systems in 2007, finding that Windows Vista had a lower vulnerability profile than Windows XP based on these metrics.
This document discusses utility programs, which are system software that allows users to perform maintenance tasks like managing files. It identifies seven common types of utility programs: file managers, disk cleanups, compression tools, anti-virus programs, spyware removers, disk defragmenters, and backup and restore utilities. Each type is described in one or two sentences explaining its basic function.
This document discusses security challenges that arise in virtual machine based computing environments. It identifies issues such as rapid scaling of virtual machines, transience of machines, non-linear software lifecycles due to rolling back machines, and difficulties establishing machine identity. It proposes moving security functions like firewalling and virus scanning from guest operating systems to a ubiquitous virtualization layer to help address problems of scale, mobility and enforcing security policies across diverse and transient virtual machines.
A computer virus is malware that alters normal computer functioning without permission by replacing executable files and propagating through software. Viruses can destroy data intentionally or be annoying. They run when an infected program is used, reside in RAM, take control of the operating system to infect other executable files, and write infected programs to disk to replicate fully.
This document discusses computer viruses and antivirus software. It provides an overview of infection strategies used by viruses, methods to identify viruses, and statistics on the impacts of viruses. It then covers the history of early computer viruses from 1971 to 1986. The document also includes diagrams depicting virus encounter vectors and the impact of vulnerabilities. It describes virus signature definitions and scanning techniques used by antivirus software to detect and remove viruses from systems and networks.
Malwares are software designed to infiltrate computers without the user's consent. They include viruses, worms, trojan horses, and more. Viruses can copy themselves and spread to other computers by exploiting network services or removable drives like USBs. Worms spread over networks without needing to be on files or disks like viruses do. Users should exercise caution when opening files from external drives since malwares sometimes spread by exploiting the autorun function.
This document defines and describes different types of malware. It explains that malware is an umbrella term for malicious software like viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, spyware, adware, and other harmful programs. It then proceeds to define each type of malware, including viruses that replicate and spread between computers, worms that consume system resources, trojans that steal personal information, ransomware that locks systems for payment, and rootkits that are difficult to detect. The document provides examples of each malware type and how they infect systems or compromise user privacy and security.
A short presentation on the basics of Malicious Software and Viruses and methods to detect, prevent and remove them and to spread awareness of this growing issue.
The landscape of open source malware analysis tools improves every day. A malware analysis lab can be thought of as a set of entry points into a tool chain. The main entry points are a file, a URL, a network traffic capture, and a memory image. This talk is an examination of the major open source tools that satisfy the analysis requirements for each of these entry points. Each tool’s output can potentially feed into another tool for further analysis. The linking of one tool to the next in a tool chain allows one to build a comprehensive automated malware analysis lab using open source software.
For file analysis, the three major versions of Cuckoo Sandbox will be examined. To analyze a potentially malicious URL, the low-interaction honeyclient, Thug, will be covered. Next, if one has a network capture (PCAP) to analyze, the Bro Network Security Monitor is a great option, and will be covered. Finally, if the analysis target is a memory image, the Volatility Framework will be examined. Each of the inputs and outputs of the tools will be reviewed to expose ways that they can be chained together for the purpose of automation.
Malware can take many forms such as viruses, worms, trojan horses, adware, and spyware. Viruses and worms are programs that can copy themselves and spread from computer to computer, sometimes causing harm. Adware displays advertisements, and spyware tracks personal information without consent. Phishing scams try to steal personal details through fraudulent emails or websites. Users should use antivirus software, avoid suspicious emails/attachments, and practice safe password habits to protect against malware threats.
- What's Malware
- Spyware, Adware, Backdoor
- What's A Computer Virus
- Why Computer Malware(Virus)
- How Viruses Are Created
- How Viruses Are Spread
- Types Of Malware
- Types Of Viruses
- How To Detect A Malware(Virus)
- How To Protect Yourself
- Top Anti-Virus Programs
- BuzzWords
- Bottom Line
The document provides an overview of malware types and techniques. It discusses viruses, worms, trojans, rootkits, and other malware. It describes how malware infects systems, propagates, and hides. Historic malware examples like Morris worm, Code Red, and SQL Slammer are summarized. Methods for malware detection like signatures, heuristics, sandboxing, and network monitoring are also covered at a high level.
Malware refers to unwanted software that can damage computers, including viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, and more. Viruses attach to files and programs to spread without permission and can damage systems. Trojans also spread unwittingly but allow hackers to access and control infected devices. Worms multiply to use up memory and resources. Spyware collects personal information without consent. Users can protect against malware through antivirus software, firewalls, safe computing habits like avoiding suspicious downloads and emails, and using strong passwords.
This document provides an introduction and overview of computer viruses. It defines computer viruses and explains how they work, discussing how viruses actively infect systems and spread. It categorizes common types of computer viruses such as macro viruses, memory resident viruses, overwrite viruses, and more. Specific virus names are listed as examples for each category. The document also discusses how to protect systems from computer viruses and describes some problems caused by viruses.
A computer virus is a malicious computer program that can copy itself and spread without permission. It can infect computers by being transferred through email attachments, files on removable drives like USBs, or by exploiting vulnerabilities in network file sharing systems. While some viruses only replicate and spread, others are programmed to damage systems by deleting files or reformatting hard drives. Anti-virus software uses virus signatures and heuristics to detect known and unknown viruses, helping to prevent and remove infections. However, users must still regularly update their software and operating systems to patch new vulnerabilities exploited by viruses.
Computer viruses are a nightmare for the computer world. It is a threat to any user who uses a computer network. The computer will not be infected by a virus if the computer is not connected to the outside world. In this case, this is the internet. The Internet can be used as a medium for the spread of the virus to the fullest. There are many types of viruses that are spread through the internet. Some of them are aimed at making money, and there are only as a disrupt activity and computer performance. Some techniques are done to prevent the spread of the virus. Here will be explained how to tackle the virus optimally. The benefit is that the computer used will be free from virus attacks and safe to exchange data publicly. Techniques used include the prevention and prevention of viruses against computer networks are to know the characteristics and workings of the virus.
Computer viruses are programs that can copy themselves and infect computers without permission. They share traits with biological viruses and pass from computer to computer. Some examples of damaging viruses include Mydoom in 2004, Melissa in 1999, and ILOVEYOU in 2000. Viruses work by attaching themselves to other programs or system areas of the disk. They have dormant, propagation, triggering, and execution phases. Anti-virus software uses techniques like pattern recognition, heuristics, integrity checking, and behavior blocking to detect viruses.
Computer Virus And Antivirus-Sumon Chakrabortysankhadeep
The document summarizes computer viruses, how they work, common types of viruses, and antivirus technologies. It discusses how viruses infect systems by attaching to files or residing in memory. Common viruses mentioned include CIH, macro viruses, and I LOVE YOU. Methods of virus detection include using antivirus software to scan for signatures in memory and files. Cleaning involves stopping infected systems, recovering from backups, and reinstalling the operating system with updated antivirus software. Regular backups, antivirus use, and cautious email/download practices are recommended.
This document discusses network and internet security and types of cyber crimes. It notes that while computers can be used for good or bad, some people use them to carry out illegal activities known as computer crimes. It then describes different types of perpetrators of cyber crimes like hackers, crackers, script kiddies, corporate spies, unethical employees, cyberextortionists, and cyberterrorists. The document also provides details on different types of computer viruses like worms, Trojan horses, macros, and boot sector viruses. It explains concepts like logic bombs, time bombs, data diddling, data stealing, and software piracy.
This document discusses information security and privacy issues related to computer viruses. It begins by providing background on viruses and their ability to cause damage and disruption. It then defines what a computer virus is and describes how they work, infecting other programs and replicating. The document outlines various ways viruses can be acquired and categories of viruses. It also discusses the lifecycle of viruses and measures that can be taken to prevent virus infections, including using antivirus software and firewalls. The document concludes by covering data security issues, common types of security breaches, and the costs to companies from virus damage.
A computer virus is a malicious program that can copy itself and infect computers without permission. It spreads by inserting its code into other files and programs that are then transferred to other computers. Viruses can damage systems by deleting files or reformatting hard drives. Anti-virus software detects viruses by scanning files and memory against a database of known virus signatures and behaviors to identify and remove infections. If a virus infects a system, complete operating system reinstallation may be required after attempts to remove it with anti-virus software fail.
The document discusses computer viruses and antivirus technologies. It begins with defining computer viruses and outlining their history. It then analyzes three common types of viruses: file infectors, macro viruses, and the "I LOVE YOU" virus. The document also describes how antivirus software detects and removes viruses and outlines best practices for preventing virus infections like regular backups and keeping antivirus definitions up to date.
This document discusses the development of a software package that combines virus protection, key logging, and download management capabilities. It provides code snippets for each of these components, including a download manager class, virus detector class, and key logger class. The goal was to create popular software for both personal and corporate users by bundling useful utilities with potential privacy concerns like key logging.
Computer viruses are small programs that spread from computer to computer and interfere with operations. They are often spread through email attachments and can corrupt or delete files. To remove a virus, you can use an online scanner like Microsoft Safety Scanner or restart your computer in safe mode and run a scanner. In addition to viruses, other types of malware include Trojans, worms, and bacteria. Viruses can activate and potentially damage files in various ways like playing sounds, showing pictures, or formatting disks. It is important to have antivirus software and be cautious of suspicious files and downloads.
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Malware
1. CELE Project 2012
Mariwan Hama Saeed
2110342
10 weeks
Computer Science
MSc. Advanced Computing Science
Permission given to use this project
Word count: 3095
Malware in Computer Systems: Problems and Solutions
8 June 2012
2. Abstract
Malware is a harmful programme, which has incredibly developed over the last decade. It
infects computer systems, deletes data files and steals valuable information from the
computer. This paper will focus on providing the most effective solutions to malware that
might mitigate the problems. It investigated four types of malware as well as it provided
the best three countermeasures. It suggests to computer users a number of practices,
such as training the staff about the security software. Students who study computer
science may get some benefits from this project.
4. Introduction
Malware, which is a contraction of malicious software, is designed to destroy computer
systems and programmes. It has changed significantly and rapidly in the last decade and
the security software has greatly developed in the recent years. Today, there are many
forms of malware such as virus, worm, Trojan and spyware. Consequently, there are a
number of computer systems around the world which have been damaged as a result of
malware. Recently, the latest threat the Flame has been discovered. This threat is a form
of the malware that has been found in Iran and has been reported by both Aleks (2012)
and Symantec Security Response (2012) as the most complicated threat in the recent
year is located in the Middle-East. Aleks, who is a Kaspersky Lab expert, shows that
Kaspersky antivirus provided the solution for that threat as well as Symantec Corporation.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the problems of malware and provide the best
solutions of malware on computers. Firstly, the kinds of malware which include virus,
worm, Trojan and spyware will be examined. Secondly, the best effective solutions will be
presented which include firewall, security software, and training. This project identifies
the computer systems which are damaged as a result of harmful programmes.
Furthermore, it will show how the problems of malware can be mitigated via hardware
such as firewall or via software such as antivirus. However, this project has not provided
the completed solutions of threats because this is only a short project on harmful
software and indicates the countermeasures in a very few papers.
1
5. 1. Malware
According to Moir (2003) defines that malware is related to any harmful programmes which are
designed to damage computer systems and programmes such as virus, worm, Trojan and spyware.
1.1 Virus
Virus is one of the types of Malware which is a piece of code that attaches to a programme or a file.
When the infected programme is run by a user, the virus executes secretly without the user’s noticing
(Vacca 2009:56-57). Stallings (200:602) indicates that many viruses need four stages to
infect and destroy computer systems. Firstly, dormant phase which is a stage known as an idle
step because the virus is idle and it is activated by date or by another programme. Secondly, the virus
tries to copy itself to another programme in the propagation phase. Thirdly, triggering phase in this
step the virus is ready to perform its function that is caused by several of system tasks such as
counting number of times. Damaging programmes, erasing files and then shutting down or restarting
of the computer are done by the virus in the execution phase. These steps are changed from one
computer to another computer and from one operating system to another one. It also depends on the
types of vulnerable points in the system.
There are many types of viruses one of them is a macro virus. This is one of the most common of
viruses that infect application programmes such as Microsoft Word, Excel and Access. When these
programmes are opened, the virus executes itself and performs different actions such as deleting files
and replicates itself to another programme. File infector is another type of virus that attaches to
executable codes (com and exe) and infect them when the files are installed. After that the virus will
execute (Cole et al. 2005:558).
Virus has three main actions. Firstly, the virus generates itself between computers on a network. This
is a significant point, which distinguishes a virus from other kinds of malware. Secondly, it installs itself
on a computer without users noticing. Furthermore, it damages software by changing, deleting the
software and randomly executes files then locks many sources such as mouse and keyboard (Salomon
2010:43).
1.2 Worm
Salomon (2010:99) defines the worm as “a programme that executes independently of
other programmes, replicates itself, and spreads through a network from computer to
computer.” This may mean that the worm is harmful software which infects host to host
via a vulnerable hole and a security hole in the systems. The main difference between
viruses and worms is that the viruses always hide in programmes, however, the worms
2
6. are working independently. Moreover, worms are mostly used by hackers rather than
viruses because the worms spread from computer to computer across network
connections (Kizza 2009:127-128). Stallings (2005:607) notes that the worm uses some
ways for spreading itself. Firstly, it uses email facilities to copy itself from system to
system. Secondly, the execution methods help the worm to run itself to other systems.
After that, it consumes login facilities in order to duplicate itself from one system to a
different system.
There are several types of worms, Morris is a famous kind of them. It was formed by
Robert Morris in 1998 Morris spreads on the UNIX operating system and uses various
numbers of techniques for copying itself. It makes several illegal actions such as,
receiving, sending and forwarding emails automatically, it also makes a combination
between user accounts and it exploits fingerprinting protocols. Code Red is another style
of the worms, which was released in 2001, exploits a security hole within the Microsoft
Internet Information Server (IIS) and disables the system file checker in Microsoft
Windows. This worm infected nearly 360,000 servers in 14 hours. In addition, Nimda is
another type of them that was created in 2001. It causes several issues in computers and
Internet systems, for example modifying Internet document extensions and it creates
several copies of itself under various names Stallings (2005:608-609).
1.3 Trojan
Collin (2004:338) explains that Trojan is a programme, which is put into a system by
hackers. It copies information without user's authorisation. Sometimes, the Trojans might
be useful programmes, such as games and anti-viruses. Users are aware of the
installation processes of Trojans, but they do not know about their hidden processes
(Vacca 2009:122). Trojans are different from viruses and worms because they do not
copy themselves. They might pass many security controls and they might not be stopped
by firewalls, these can be great threats to the security of organizations (Cole et al.
2008:312-313).
Trojan causes many actions. Firstly, it might steal data or may monitor user’s action
(Vacca 2009:295). Secondly, it is used for hacking technique by providing pieces of
hidden code in a benefit programme for example Green Saver. Moreover, Trojan uses an
executable script, such as JavaScript for introducing them into a user's workstation. Also,
the Trojan enters into the system via a lack of security to obtain unauthorized access of
resources (Vacca 2009:681). Furthermore, it can be indirectly used to complete actions,
whilst unauthorized users cannot finish them directly. For example, Trojan can be used
3
7. for reading files in another system (Stallings 2005:601). Trojan might run additional code
that performs a harmful activity in the system. Attackers use it in order to spreading
viruses or other types of malware into systems without the user’s attention (Cole
2005:486-487).
There are many types of Trojan that the Farfli Trojan77 is a one kind of Trojan. It was
created in 2007 that spreads massively, downloads and installs onto the computer. This
affected browsers, which were developed by Chinese programmers (Vacca 2009:681).
Net-Bus and Sub-Seven are other types of Trojan, which are used by the hackers and the
attackers for destroying systems and stealing significant information from the systems
(Nestler 2011:142-143).
1.4 Spyware
According to Collin (2004:313), spyware is a kind of software that might be installed on
the user's computer without their knowledge and it sends the user’s information to the
real source of itself. This means that spyware is created for stealing personal information
of the computer users. The main distinction between spyware, viruses and worms is that
spyware easily spread in the computers and they can be removed quickly. Furthermore,
pop-ups and spam are increased as a result of some types of spyware. These are
harassing users of the computer. In 2005 the NCSA reported that 61% of the computers
were affected by spyware around the world (CA, Geier, and Geier 2007:5-7).
Spyware uses many ways to gather information for the central source. Firstly, it uses
keystrokes which are responsible for copying sensitive information and passwords of the
computer’s user. Secondly, emails are used by the spyware for sending user’s data to the
creator of the spyware. Thirdly, much of the spyware are copying communications
between computer users and then sends to the spyware’s owner. Some applications and
websites are used by the spyware for monitoring users (Cole et al. 2008:314).
Spyware can do many huge actions. The spyware might be installed in computers without
user authorisation; it may find some ways to enter computers via free soft-wares and
games, which are downloaded from websites. Some types of spyware destroy desktop
icons, computer programmes and web browsers. This is annoying computer users. It
makes computers and the Internet slowdown that is a significant problem when users are
trying to download large files, watching online videos and using computer programmes
(CA, Geier, and Geier 2007:5-7).
4
8. 2. Countermeasures of Malware
There are many ways that can be used for mitigating the impacts of the malware on
computer systems. This section will explain the solutions of malware in terms of Firewall,
Security Software and Training.
2.1 Firewall
The rapid growth of technology in terms of Internet and computers led to growth in the
number of users and activities of the users but no all activities of the users are
acceptable. Computers should have been protected against of the unacceptable actions of
the users. Therefore, home computers and organisation computers need protection
because they are facing threats from the internal users and the external users. The
administrators of these computers should be able to find ways to protect the computers. A
firewall is one of the best ways for protecting computers (Kizza 2009:249). Microsoft
Corporation (n.d.) defines that the firewall as “ a software programme or piece of
hardware that helps screen out hackers, viruses, and worms that try to reach your
computer over the Internet.” This means that the firewall is a protection of computer
systems in a considerable way.
The hardware and software firewalls are designed to protect computers from Malware,
which include Trojans, Viruses, Spywares and Worms. A personal computer usually one
computer that is better to protect it by software firewall that is called a personal firewall
(Salomon 2010:202-203). Cole et al. (2008:318) indicate that the personal firewall is a
software work on the user’s computer that can be very effective and it can block inside
actions and outside actions that come from the Internet. It allows the users of the
computer to manually block and permit in and out traffic. However, for connecting various
numbers of computers and producing group of computers this needs protection. In that
situation, it is better to use a hardware firewall, which is the same as the personal firewall
in working but it is more robust than personal firewall (Salomon 2010:202-203).
According to Cole et al. (2008:59-60), There are many problems can be solved by a
firewall. The firewall helps operating system services for distinguishing fake applications
and fake users. This is called poor authentication. It scans free programmes in a highly
effective way and identifies which one of them is not optimized and creates a vulnerability
hole in the security of the computer operating system. Moreover, hackers are blocked in a
highly effective way by firewall. The firewall works all times against attackers, who are
5
9. responsible for destroying computer programmes because it can be able to block some
types of attacks.
However, the firewall has many limitations for some kind of problems. Some of the
attackers can bypass the firewall. In this situation the firewall cannot block that attackers.
Some internal threats cannot remove by firewall such as employees who work with
external attacker against the companies. In addition, firewall cannot detect all types of
malware because it would be impossible for the firewall to scan all emails, messages and
programmes for identifying which types of malware they include (Stallings 2005:623-
624). It is clear that for providing the most effective security for any organisations and
companies the firewall is not perfect because it can solve some problems not all of the
problems. Security software is another solution that can be used with firewalls for
establishing that purpose.
2.2 Security Software
Today, much software is designed for securing computer operating systems. Antivirus
programmes are one of the most effective programmes that are widely used for securing
computers against viruses, worms and Trojans. Computer users also use anti-spyware
programmes which are another programme for protecting computers from spyware.
Antivirus software, which is one of the best programmes, can be used to protect
computers from malware. In the past, antivirus programmes were very simple software
packages and viruses were uncomplicated codes. The viruses were solved easily.
However, the viruses are more complicated, such as Flame virus, which was reported by
Kaspersky and Norton anti-virus programmes as one of the sophisticated viruses that
spread in the middle-east last month. Similar to viruses’ antivirus software has
significantly grown.
Many antivirus programmes use three steps to eliminate viruses from the infected
systems one of them is detection step. In this step when the infection has happened, the
antivirus programme may locate the virus. Identification is the second stage that viruses
are identified by the antivirus programme. Removal is the final, in this stage antivirus
programme remove the viruses. However, when the anti-virus programmes are unable to
clean the infected systems from viruses in those stages, restoring backup version of the
system might be one of the possible alternative ways to solve this problem (Stallings
2005:610).
6
10. Currently, there are many antivirus programmes that can be used to protect computer
systems. Microsoft Security Essentials is one of the antivirus programmes, which is used
to guard computer systems from threats. It is free, easy to use and it does not need to
scan the computer systems or update itself because it does automatically via the
Microsoft website. It can be said Norton and Kaspersky antivirus programmes are the best
antivirus programmes that can be used to protect systems and eliminate viruses from an
infected system. They need virus signature updates because they use virus signature
updates for eliminating and protecting systems from the latest viruses (Cole et al.
2008:317-318).
It is clear that some antivirus programmes can not able to remove threats such as
spyware because antivirus programmes face a number of difficult obstacles. Vacca
(2009:61-62) points out that one of the challenges for the antivirus programmes is a
complicated malware, which is growing continuously. The infected system is another
obstacle for the antivirus programmes. Moreover, many malware stay in memory that
affect files and attack the computer system processes. Sometimes the antivirus
programmes are turned off by some of the most dangerous threats. In this situation that
is possible to use anti-spyware programmes, which are one of the alternative
programmes that can be used for removing and cleaning systems from spyware.
Anti-spyware programmes guard computer systems from spyware. Today, there are
many numbers of anti-spyware programmes that can be seen. Microsoft Corporation
(n.d.) argues that the Microsoft Windows Defender one of the programmes that can able
to protect systems from a various number of spyware but it needs updating to work
properly. It offers two ways to scan computer systems against spyware. Real-time
protection in this way the programme alerts the user about the spyware when the
spyware wants to install on the system. Scanning options that is the second way offers
the user the schedule scan and the custom scan of the system against the spyware.
However the security software may not able to protect the computer systems completely.
Training method is one of the ways that can assist the security programmes and the
firewalls to provide the highly protection of the computer systems against the malware.
2.3 Training
Training is an additional protection for the firewalls and the security software for
countermeasures of Malware. It can be provided for members and staffs of any
organisations because the implementation of a robust and secure organization such as
universities and companies is not enough and needs highly skilled employees in terms of
7
11. security. Today new vulnerabilities and new threats are discovered. It is important for IT
staffs in any organisation to be prepared for identifying the vulnerabilities and threats
Vacca (ed.) (2009:9-10).
Cole et al. (2008) indicate that there are many practices that can be provided for IT
staffs. They should open only expected emails no stranger emails because many stranger
emails include graphic files and audio files. These files are used by hackers and attackers
for spreading threats and catching useful information. Another practice for the staffs
should use other email clients for reading and receiving questionable emails because
these emails may be shared by other members in public clients. It seems possible that IT
staffs should know how to use the security programmes and how can update these
programmes. It is better to scan all the downloaded files from emails before using to
protect the computer systems from threats.
8
12. Conclusion
The issues of malware have not been solved completely in this project because they have
developed considerably. This paper has discussed the problems of the dangerous types of
the malware and has provided some significant countermeasures for the malware. The
solutions have been presented in great ways in terms of firewalls, the security software
and providing training in a highly useful way for the staff of an organisation because
insecure organisation is more sustainable to be effected by threats than a more secure
one.
According to Microsoft Corporation (n.d.), it seems that Microsoft Windows Defender and
Microsoft Security Essential are the programmes that may be very useful for mitigating
the problems of malware. However, Cole et al. (2008) suggest that there are many
practices of the members of the organisations that can be provided. It is clear that this
paper has not suggested all the possible solutions to reduce the problems of harmful
programmes because this is limited in terms of the number of words. It also suggested
that for any users of computer around the world they should be able to use the security
programmes and know how these programmes are updated via the Internet and how can
the infected computer be solved. Today, the number of hackers and attackers has
extremely grown. They use various types of malware for stealing information and
damaging, deleting computer systems and data files. It will be better for other
researchers to provide extra solutions for the malware.
9
13. List of References
Aleks (2012) The Flame: Questions and Answers [online] available from
<http://www.securelist.com/en/blog/208193522/The_Flame_Questionsand_An swers> [5
May 2012]
CA, Geier, E., and Geier J. (2007) Simple Computer Security. Indianapolis: Wiley
Publishing
Cole E., Krutz R., and Conley J. W. (2005) Network Security Bible. Indianapolis: Wiley
Publishing
Cole, E., Krutz, R. L., Conley, W. J., Reisman, B., Ruebush, M., Gollmann, D., and Reese,
R. (2008) Network Security Fundamentals. Danvers: Wiley Publishing
Collin, S.M.H. (2004) Dictionary of Computing. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc: Peter Collin
Publishing
Kizza, J. M. (2009) Guide to Computer Network Security. London: Springer
Microsoft Corporation (n.d.) what is a firewall [online] available from
<http://www.microsoft.com/security/pc-security/firewalls-whatis.aspx> [27 May 2012]
Microsoft Corporation (n.d.) Microsoft Security Essentials [online] available from
<http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/products/security-essentials > [2 May
2012]
Microsoft Corporation (n.d.) Windows Defender [online] available from
<http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-defender>
[2 May 2012]
Moir, R. (2003) Defining Malware [online] available from <
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd632948.aspx> [20 May 2012]
Nestler, V., Conklin, A., White, G., and Hirsch, M. (2011) Principles of Computer Security.
New York: McGraw-Hill
Salomon, D. (2010) the elements of computer security. London: Springer
10
14. Stallings, W. (2005) Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practices. London:
Prentice Hall
Symantec Security Response (2012) Flamer: Highly Sophisticated and Discreet Threat
Targets the Middle East [online] available from
<http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/flamer-highly-sophisticated-and-discreet-
threat-targets-middle-east> [5 May 2012]
Vacca, J. R. (ed.) (2009) Computer and Information Security. Burlington: Morgan
Kaufmann
11