Prior to Spanish colonization, the Philippines was composed of independent barangays ruled by datus. Each barangay had its own laws and social hierarchy, and sometimes barangays joined together in confederations. Under Spanish rule, the barangays were consolidated into centralized provinces under the authority of a governor-general in Manila, who had executive, legislative, and judicial powers over the entire country. After the Philippine Revolution, several revolutionary governments were established, including the Katipunan, Biak-na-Bato Republic, and Revolutionary Government, before the Philippines came under U.S. control and a series of colonial governments. During Japanese occupation, the Japanese military administered the country before establishing a puppet republic.
Social System of Pre-Colonial Period in the PhilippinesAnne Valino
Prepared by: Anne Mariz Valino
Compilation of Articles: Bonita Montina Jusay
Central Luzon State University
College Of Veterinary Science and Medicine
Subject: History 100
Social System of Pre-Colonial Period in the PhilippinesAnne Valino
Prepared by: Anne Mariz Valino
Compilation of Articles: Bonita Montina Jusay
Central Luzon State University
College Of Veterinary Science and Medicine
Subject: History 100
Evolution of Philippine Politics and GovernanceJehnMarieSimon1
LESSON IN PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
https://learnwithjehn.blogspot.com/2021/02/philippine-politics-and-governance_1.html
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
https://www.youtube.com/@JehnSimon
Social, political, economic & cultural issues of the phDyahmm Cabrera
Readings in the Philippine History Topic on Social, Political, Economic and Cultural Issues in the PH
Powerpoint background from https://www.choosephilippines.com/go/festivals/804/QueerSmiles
Under the topic Philippine Revolution (in Philippine History), this material focused on the nationalistic means of pursuit of liberty in the country, the Propaganda Movement.
(^_^)
Evolution of Philippine Politics and GovernanceJehnMarieSimon1
LESSON IN PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
https://learnwithjehn.blogspot.com/2021/02/philippine-politics-and-governance_1.html
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
https://www.youtube.com/@JehnSimon
Social, political, economic & cultural issues of the phDyahmm Cabrera
Readings in the Philippine History Topic on Social, Political, Economic and Cultural Issues in the PH
Powerpoint background from https://www.choosephilippines.com/go/festivals/804/QueerSmiles
Under the topic Philippine Revolution (in Philippine History), this material focused on the nationalistic means of pursuit of liberty in the country, the Propaganda Movement.
(^_^)
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
4. THE PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT
OF THE PHILIPPINES
Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, the Philippines
was composed of settlements or villages, each called
barangay, named after balangay, a Malayan word
meaning “boat”.
5. THE PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT
OF THE PHILIPPINES
Every barangay was virtually a state, for it possessed
the four basic elements of statehood. At times,
however, some barangays joined together as
“confederations” mainly for the purpose of mutual
protection against common enemies.
6. THE PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT
OF THE PHILIPPINES
Each barangay was ruled by a chief called datu in
some places, and rajah, sultan or hadji in others. He
was its chief executive, law giver, chief judge, and
military head. In the performance of his duties,
however, he was assisted usually by a council of
elders (maginoos) which served as his advertisers. In
form, the barangay was monarchy with the wealth, or
physical prowess.
7. THE PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT
OF THE PHILIPPINES
The people of the barangay were divided into four
classes, namely: the nobility (maharlika), to which the
datu belonged, the freemen (timawa), the serfs
(aliping namamhay), and the slaves (aliping sagigilid).
SOCIAL CLASSES IN THE BARANGAY
8. THE PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT
OF THE PHILIPPINES
The early Filipinos had both written and unwritten
laws. The written laws were promulgated by the
datus. The two known written codes in the pre-
Spanish era are the “Maragtas Code” which was said
to have been written about 1250 A.D by Datu
Sumakwel of Panay, and the Kalantiaw Code written
in 1433 A.D by Datu Kalantiaw, also of Panay.
EARLY LAWS
9. THE PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT
OF THE PHILIPPINES
It can be said that the laws of the barangay were
generally fair. The system of government, although
defective was not so bad considering the conditions
in other lands in the age during which it flourished.
COMPARISON WITH OTHER ANCIENT GOVERNMENTS
12. PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
It was based on the discovery made by Ferdinand
Magellan in 1521, consummated by its conquest by
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi 45 years later and long
possession for almost four centuries, until it was
terminated in 1898, when by the Treaty of Paris, the
Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States.
SPAIN’S TITLE TO THE PHILIPPINES
13. PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was indirectly
governed by the King of Spain through Mexico. From
1821 when Mexico obtained her independence from
Spain, to 1898, the Philippines was ruled directly
from Spain.
SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
14. PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
From 1863, the military of Ultramar (colonies)
exercised general powers of supervision over
Philippine affairs. Three times during the Spanish
period (1810-1813, 1820-1823, and 1836-1837), the
Philippines was given representation in the Spanish
cortes, the legislative body of Spain.
SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
15. PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
The government which Spain established in the
Philippines was centralized in structure and national
in scope. The barangays were consolidated into towns
each headed by a GOBERNADORCILLO, popularly
called capitan, and the towns into provinces, each
headed by a governor who represented the Governor
General in the province.
GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINE UNITARY
16. PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
The power of the government were actually exercised
by the Governor-General who resided in Manila. He
was “Governor-General” “Captain-General”, and
“vice-royal patron.” As Governor-General, he had
executive, administrative, legislative and judicial
powers.
THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL
17. PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
As Captain-General, he was Commander-in-Chief of
all the Armed Forces in the Philippines. As the vice-
royal patron, he exercised certain religious powers.
Because of these broad powers, it has been said that
the Governor General enjoyed more powers than the
King of Spain himself. This was justified, however,
because of the distance of the Philippines from Spain.
THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL
18. PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
In the administration of the Philippines, the
Governor-General was assisted by many boards and
officers, particularly the Board of Authorities and the
Council of Administration.
THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL
21. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
The Katipunan was secret society that precipitated
our glorious revolution on August 26, 1896. It was
organized by Andres Bonifacio. The central
government of the Katipunan was vested in a
Supreme Council (Kataastaasang Sanggunian). In each
province there was a Provincial Council (Sangguniang
Balangay) and in each town, a Popular Council
(Sanggunian Bayan).
THE KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT
22. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
The Judicial Power was exercised by a Judicial Council
(Sangguniang Hukuman).
The Katipunan was replaced by another government
whose officials headed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo as
President, were elected in the Tejeros Convention
held on March 22, 1897.
THE KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT
23. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
On November 1, 1897, a republic was established by
Gen. Aguinaldo in Biak-na-Bato (now San Miguel de
Mayumo, Bulacan). It had a constitution which was to
take effect for two years only.
THE BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC
24. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
. It declared that the aim of the revolutions was the
“separation of the Philippines from the Spanish
monarchy and their formation into an independence
state.” The Biak-na-Bato Republic lasted up to
December 15, 1897, with conclusion of the “Pact of
Biak-na-Bato.”
THE BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC
25. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
Following the outbreak of the Spanish-American war
on April 25, 1898, Gen. Aguinaldo in view of the
chaotic conditions in the country, established the
Dictatorial Government on May 24, 1898.
THE DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
26. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
The most important achievements of the Dictatorial
Government were the Proclamation of the Philippine
Independence at Kawit on June 12, 1898 and the
reorganization of local governments.
THE DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
27. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
In the administration of the Philippines, the
Governor-General was assisted by many boards and
officers, particularly the Board of Authorities and the
Council of Administration.
THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
28. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
On June 23, 1898, Gen. Aguinaldo established the
Revolutionary Government replacing the Dictatorial
Government.
THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
29. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
The decree-making such change stated that the aims
of the new government were “struggle for the
independence of the Philippines, until all nations
including Spain will expressly recognize it,” and “to
prepare the country for the establishment of a real
Republic.”
THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
32. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
The American military rule in the Philippines began
on April 4, 1898, the day after the capture of Manila.
The existence of was gave the President of the United
States the power to establish a Military Government
in the Philippines, as Commander-in-Chief of all
Armed Forces of the United States.
THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT
33. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
His authority was delegated to the military governor
who exercised as long as the war lasted, all powers of
government – executive, legislative and judicial.
The first American Military Governor was General
Wesley Merritt, the second was General Elwell E.
Otis, and the third and last was Major General Arthur
MacArthur.
THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT
34. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
Pursuant to the so-called Spooner Amendment (on
the army appropriation act passed in the US Congress
on March 3, 1901) which ended the military regime in
the Philippines, the Civil Government was
inaugurated in Manila on July 4, 1901.
THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT
35. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
The Civil Governor whose positions was created on
October 29, 1901. The Civil Governor, also exercised
legislative powers. He remained as President of the
Philippine Comission, the sole law-making body of
the government from 1901 to 1907.
THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT
36. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
From 1907 to 1916, the Philippine Commission acted
as the upper house of the legislative branch with the
Philippine Assembly serving as the lower house. With
the passage of the Spooner Law in 1916, these two
bodies gave way to the Philippine Legislature. The
Philippines was represented in the United States by
two Resident Commissioners who were elected the
Philippine Legislature.
THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT
37. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
The next stage in the political development of the
Filipinos was the establishment of the
Commonwealth Government of the Philippines
pursuant to an act of the United States Congress on
March 24, 1934, commonly known was the Tydings-
McDuffie Law.
COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
38. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
Among other things, the law provided for a transition
period of ten years during which the Philippines
Commonwealth would operate and at the expiration
of said period on July 4, 1896, the independence of
the Philippines would be proclaimed and established.
COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
39. Philippines' Revolutionary Era:
Governments and Republics of that Period
The new government of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines, deemed successor to the Government of
the Philippine Islands, was inaugurated on November
15, 1935, following the first national election under
the 1935 Constitution held on September 12, 1935,
with Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña, as
President and Vice-President, respectively.
COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
40.
41. Governments of the Philippines during
the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
42. Governments of the Philippines during
the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
It was established in Manila on January 3, 1942, one
day after its occupation. Under a proclamation issued
by the Japanese High Command, the sovereignty of
United States over the Philippines was declared
terminated.
THE JAPANESE MILITARY ADMINISTRATION
43. Governments of the Philippines during
the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
A Civil government known as the Philippine Executive
Commission composed of Filipinos with Jorge B.
Vargas as Chairman, was organized by the military
forces of occupation. The commission exercised both
the executive and legislative powers.
THE PHILIPPINE EXECUTIVE COMMISSION
44. Governments of the Philippines during
the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
The laws enacted were, however, subject to the
approval of the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese
Forces. The Judiciary continued in the same form as it
was under the Commonwealth. However, it
functioned without the independence which it had
traditionally enjoyed.
THE PHILIPPINE EXECUTIVE COMMISSION
45. Governments of the Philippines during
the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
On October 14, 1943, the so-called Japanese-
sponsored Republic of the Philippines was
inaugurated with Jose P. Laurel as President. It was
the same character as the Philippine Executive
Commission.
JAPANESE-SPONSORED REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
46. Governments of the Philippines during
the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
Like the latter, the ultimate source of its authority
was the Japanese military authority and government,
on August 17, 1945. President Laurel proclaimed the
dissolution of the Republic.
JAPANESE-SPONSORED REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES