This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It describes the main parts including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, and penis. It explains the functions of each part like sperm production in the testes and sperm storage in the epididymis. Key processes like spermatogenesis and ejaculation are summarized. The pathway of sperm through the reproductive system is outlined. Testosterone production and its functions are also briefly discussed.

1. Society and Culture with Family Planning
Physical Differences
Presented by
Mary Honey T. Quilab

2. The Physical Aspect
• Handsome
• Strong
• Muscular
Women
• Beautiful
• Weak
• Sexy
Men

3. Society and Culture with Family Planning
The Male Reproductive
System
Presented by
Mary Honey T. Quilab

4. The Reproductive System
 Gonads – primary sex organs
Testes in males
Ovaries in females
 Gonads produce gametes (sex cells) and
secrete hormones
Sperm – male gametes
Ova (eggs) – female gametes

5. Male Reproductive System
 Testes
 Duct system
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Urethra

6. Male Reproductive System
 Accessory organs
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
 External genitalia
Penis
Scrotum

7. Male Reproductive System

8. Testes
• Testis has an elliptical
shape.
• Also known as testicles
• Testes develop in the
abdomen and move
before birth into the
scrotum.
• The left testis usually
lies at a lower level than
the right.

9. Testes
 Coverings of
the testes
 Tunica
albuginea –
capsule that
surrounds
each testis

10. Testes
 Coverings of
the testes
(continued)
 Septa –
extensions of the
capsule
- extend into
the testis and
divide it into
lobules

11. Testes
 Seminiferous
Tubules
 Comprises a
lobule (about 4)
 Tightly coiled
structures
Functions
 Function as
sperm-forming
factories
 Release
sperm into the
rete testis

12. Testes
Functions
 Responsible for
the production
of sperm and
testosterone

13. Epididymis
 Comma-shaped,
tightly coiled
tube
 Found on the
superior part of
the testis and
along the
posterior lateral
side

14. Epididymis
Functions:
 Functions as
sperm storage
area (at least 20
days)
 Expels sperm
with the
contraction of
muscles in the
epididymis walls
to the vas
deferens

15. Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
 "carrying-away
vessel“
 A long
muscular duct
which is wider
in diameter
than the
epididymis
 Passes
through the
inguinal canal
and over the
bladder

16. Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
 Ends in the
ejaculatory
duct which
unites with the
urethra

17. Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
 Ends in the
ejaculatory
duct which
unites with the
urethra

18. Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
Functions:
 Carries sperm
from the
epididymis to
the ejaculatory
duct
 Uses its internal
space to store
mature sperm
 Moves sperm
by peristalsis

19. Seminal Vesicles
 Located at the base of the bladder
 a pair of lumpy exocrine glands

20. Seminal Vesicles
Functions:
 Stores and produces some of the liquid portion of
semen (60%)
 Fructose – feeds the sperm cells
 proteins and mucus
 Other substances
 has an alkaline pH – helps sperm survive in
acidic environment in the vagina

21. Ejaculatory Duct
 formed by the union of the vas deferens (as well as
the duct of the seminal vesicle) and the urethra

22. Ejaculatory Duct
Function:
 Expels sperm and the secretions from the seminal
vesicles into the urethra

23. Prostate Gland
 Encircles the upper part of the urethra
 a walnut-sized exocrine gland

24. Prostate Gland
 Secretes a milky fluid
 Helps to activate sperm
 Constricts to prevent the flow of urine or semen

25. Bulbourethral Glands
 Pea-sized gland inferior to the prostate
 Also known as Cowper’s gland

26. Bulbourethral Glands
Produces a clear, thin alkaline fluid into the urethra
 Cleanses the urethra of acidic urine
 Serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse

27. Urethra
 Extends from the base of the urinary bladder to
the tip of the penis

28. Urethra
 Regions of the urethra
 Prostatic urethra –surrounded by prostate

29. Urethra
 Regions of the urethra
 Membranous urethra – from prostatic urethra to
penis

30. Urethra
 Regions of the urethra
 Spongy urethra – runs the length of the penis

31. Urethra
Function:
 Carries both urine and sperm

32. Scrotum
 Divided sac of skin outside the abdomen
 Made up of 2 side-by-side pouches with a testis located in
each pouch
raphé

33. Scrotum
 Maintains testes at 3°C lower than normal body
temperature to protect sperm viability
 Regulate the distance between the testes and the rest of
the body

34. Penis
 Male external
sexual organ
 Roughly cylindrical
in shape
 a pendulous organ
suspended from the
front and sides of
the pubic arch and
containing the
greater part of the
urethra.

35. Penis
 Regions of the penis
 Shaft
 Glans penis (enlarged tip)
 Prepuce (foreskin)
 Folded cuff of skin around proximal end
 Often removed by circumcision

36. Penis
Functions:
 Delivers sperm into the female reproductive
tract
 Allows for the excretion of urine through the
urethra to the exterior of the body

37. Semen
 Mixture of sperm and accessory gland
secretions
 Advantages of accessory gland secretions
 Fructose provides energy for sperm cells
 Alkalinity of semen helps neutralize the acidic
environment of vagina
 Semen inhibits bacterial multiplication
 Elements of semen enhance sperm motility

38. Spermatogenesis
 Production of sperm cells
 Begins at puberty and continues
throughout life
 Occurs in the seminiferous tubules
 Takes 64 to 72 days

39. Testes
(Seminiferous
Tubules)
Rete Testes
Epididymis
(at least 20
days)
Vas Deferens
Ejaculatory
duct
Secretions from
the seminal
vesicle
Urethra
Secretions from
the prostate
glandPenis

40. EJACULATION
Ejaculation is the discharge of semen from the
penis.
During orgasm, the semen is forcefully expelled
from the body by strong muscular contractions of
sperm ducts.

41. EJACULATION

42. • In the second stage of ejaculation, the expulsion
stage, the sphincter at the base of the penis
relaxes, admitting semen into the penis.
Simultaneously, a series of strong muscle
contractions around the base of the penis and
along the urethra expels the semen from the body.
Process:

43. Process:
• At the peak of sexual arousal, muscles in the
epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and
vas deferens contract.
At the same time, a sphincter muscle at the base
of the bladder contracts, preventing urine from
leaking into the urethra from the bladder.
Another sphincter also contracts, closing off the
entrance of the urethra into the penis.

44. REVIEW:
The pathway of the sperm in the male reproductive
system are the following:
(arranged in chronological order)
Testes Epididymis
Vas
Deferens
Ejaculatory
Duct
Urethra

45. How often?
• It depends on what is ideal for your body.

46. Advantages
• It gets rid of the old sperms in the body.
• It helps to flush toxins out of your body. Thus,
helps lower risk of prostate cancer.

47. Disadvantages
• Can lead to transmission of STDs
• Masturbating in a face-down position exerts more
pressured on the penis
• Using force to stop the flow of semen
• Cause minor skin irritation

48. Factors that can dramatically reduce
sperm production:
High temperature
Alcohol – excessive
X- Rays and chemotherapy
Drugs – of various types

50. Testosterone Production
Slide 16.19aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 The most important hormone of the
testes
 Produced in interstitial cells

51. Testosterone Production
Slide 16.19bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Functions of testosterone
Stimulates reproductive organ development
Underlies sex drive
Causes secondary sex characteristics
 Deepening of voice
 Increased hair growth
 Enlargement of skeletal muscles
 Thickening of bones