Malariae malaria
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•134 views
Plasmodium malariae was discovered in 1889 by Feletti and Grassi, who originally named it Haemamoeba malariae. It is found primarily in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. P. malariae has a low parasitemia due to producing a low number of merozoites during its asexual cycle, which occurs every 72 hours by developing inside aged red blood cells. It causes quartan malaria with fever every 72 hours and other symptoms like nausea, chills and cold sweats. Complications include nephrotic syndrome and edema. Diagnosis involves examining blood films for all parasite stages in the peripheral blood.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Protozjogoa 2.pptx
Giardia lamblia has two stages - cysts and trophozoites. Cysts are oval shaped with 4 nuclei while trophozoites are pear shaped with 2 nuclei and fallling leaf motility. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted flagellate that causes vaginal inflammation. It has one nucleus and is 30um in size. Hemoflagellates like Trypanosoma and Leishmania have various stages - amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote - and all contain a kinetoplast. Leishmania causes cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis transmitted by sand flies. Trypanosoma brucei causes
plasmodium-140225055335-phpapp02 (1).pptx
Plasmodium is a genus of parasitic protozoa that causes malaria in humans and other animals. There are over 100 Plasmodium species but the four that commonly cause malaria in humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum. P. falciparum causes the most lethal form of malaria and is responsible for over 1 million deaths per year globally. The life cycle involves sexual reproduction in mosquitoes and asexual reproduction in the liver and red blood cells of mammals. Symptoms in humans include fever, chills, headaches and anemia. Diagnosis is usually by microscopic examination of blood smears to identify the parasite species. Treatment depends on the species
Plasmodium
There are over 100 species of Plasmodium, some of which can infect humans and cause malaria. The four main species that infect humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum. P. falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria and is responsible for over 1 million deaths per year globally. The life cycle of Plasmodium involves both sexual and asexual reproduction in humans and mosquitoes. Female Anopheles mosquitoes transmit the parasite between humans during blood-feeding. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria is usually done by examining thick and thin blood smears under a microscope to look for the parasite in red blood cells. Treatment depends on the species,
Plasmodium by Dr. Himanshu Khatri
This document discusses Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria. It notes that Plasmodium belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa and has a life cycle involving both human and mosquito hosts. The life cycle involves sporozoites infecting the liver to form merozoites, which then infect red blood cells and undergo asexual reproduction to form more merozoites or gametocytes. Gametocytes develop into gametes in mosquitoes and fuse to form ookinetes and then oocysts, which rupture to release sporozoites that can infect new human hosts. The document provides details on the different species of Plasmodium, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Malaria
Classification of species, The definitive, intermediate host, mode of infection, life cycle of malaria. Plasmodium falciparum, cerebral malaria, the pathogenesis of malaria, clinical features, algid malaria, black water fever, Lab diagnosis- microscopic, QBC, Thick and thin smears, Fluorescent microscopy.
Non-microscopic - Molecular methods PCR, Antigen dectection
Treatment- NVBDCP, prevention
Protozoa 2.pptx
Giardia lamblia is an intestinal parasite that causes waterborne infections and diarrhea. It has both cyst and trophozoite stages, with cysts being oval shaped and 10-12 micrometers containing 4 nuclei. Trophozoites are pear shaped and 10-15 micrometers with 2 nuclei and falling leaf-like motility. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted flagellate that causes vaginal inflammation and itching, with a single nucleus and size of around 30 micrometers. Hemoflagellates like Trypanosoma and Leishmania have various stages in humans and insect vectors and are characterized by having a kinetoplast, which is mitochondrial DNA. Leishmania causes cutaneous or visceral
Rhsi 2015, Plasmodium species (Malaria)
Here are 3 ways to prevent malaria:
1. Sleep under mosquito nets treated with insecticides.
2. Wear insect repellent and long sleeve clothing when outdoors at night.
3. Take anti-malaria drugs to kill the parasites if traveling to an area where malaria is common.
Common Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptx
Common Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptxCommon Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptxCommon Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptxCommon Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptx
Recommended
Protozjogoa 2.pptx
Giardia lamblia has two stages - cysts and trophozoites. Cysts are oval shaped with 4 nuclei while trophozoites are pear shaped with 2 nuclei and fallling leaf motility. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted flagellate that causes vaginal inflammation. It has one nucleus and is 30um in size. Hemoflagellates like Trypanosoma and Leishmania have various stages - amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote - and all contain a kinetoplast. Leishmania causes cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis transmitted by sand flies. Trypanosoma brucei causes
plasmodium-140225055335-phpapp02 (1).pptx
Plasmodium is a genus of parasitic protozoa that causes malaria in humans and other animals. There are over 100 Plasmodium species but the four that commonly cause malaria in humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum. P. falciparum causes the most lethal form of malaria and is responsible for over 1 million deaths per year globally. The life cycle involves sexual reproduction in mosquitoes and asexual reproduction in the liver and red blood cells of mammals. Symptoms in humans include fever, chills, headaches and anemia. Diagnosis is usually by microscopic examination of blood smears to identify the parasite species. Treatment depends on the species
Plasmodium
There are over 100 species of Plasmodium, some of which can infect humans and cause malaria. The four main species that infect humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum. P. falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria and is responsible for over 1 million deaths per year globally. The life cycle of Plasmodium involves both sexual and asexual reproduction in humans and mosquitoes. Female Anopheles mosquitoes transmit the parasite between humans during blood-feeding. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria is usually done by examining thick and thin blood smears under a microscope to look for the parasite in red blood cells. Treatment depends on the species,
Plasmodium by Dr. Himanshu Khatri
This document discusses Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria. It notes that Plasmodium belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa and has a life cycle involving both human and mosquito hosts. The life cycle involves sporozoites infecting the liver to form merozoites, which then infect red blood cells and undergo asexual reproduction to form more merozoites or gametocytes. Gametocytes develop into gametes in mosquitoes and fuse to form ookinetes and then oocysts, which rupture to release sporozoites that can infect new human hosts. The document provides details on the different species of Plasmodium, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Malaria
Classification of species, The definitive, intermediate host, mode of infection, life cycle of malaria. Plasmodium falciparum, cerebral malaria, the pathogenesis of malaria, clinical features, algid malaria, black water fever, Lab diagnosis- microscopic, QBC, Thick and thin smears, Fluorescent microscopy.
Non-microscopic - Molecular methods PCR, Antigen dectection
Treatment- NVBDCP, prevention
Protozoa 2.pptx
Giardia lamblia is an intestinal parasite that causes waterborne infections and diarrhea. It has both cyst and trophozoite stages, with cysts being oval shaped and 10-12 micrometers containing 4 nuclei. Trophozoites are pear shaped and 10-15 micrometers with 2 nuclei and falling leaf-like motility. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted flagellate that causes vaginal inflammation and itching, with a single nucleus and size of around 30 micrometers. Hemoflagellates like Trypanosoma and Leishmania have various stages in humans and insect vectors and are characterized by having a kinetoplast, which is mitochondrial DNA. Leishmania causes cutaneous or visceral
Rhsi 2015, Plasmodium species (Malaria)
Here are 3 ways to prevent malaria:
1. Sleep under mosquito nets treated with insecticides.
2. Wear insect repellent and long sleeve clothing when outdoors at night.
3. Take anti-malaria drugs to kill the parasites if traveling to an area where malaria is common.
Common Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptx
Common Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptxCommon Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptxCommon Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptxCommon Terms in Parasitology 22-02-2017 (1).pptx
Plasmodium species
The document summarizes the four main Plasmodium species that cause malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. It describes their life cycles, which involve sexual reproduction in mosquitos and asexual reproduction in human liver and red blood cells. P. falciparum causes the most severe disease and is the most likely to result in complications like cerebral malaria and blackwater fever. The life cycle and symptoms of the different species are discussed in detail.
Clinical parasitology samples signs and symptoms
This document provides an overview of parasites that can be diagnosed from different clinical samples like blood, stool, urine, and biopsies. It describes the types of parasites that may be found in each sample, such as Plasmodium in blood films, helminth eggs in stool, and Schistosoma eggs or microfilariae in urine. Signs and symptoms caused by parasitic infections are also outlined, including fever, anemia, eosinophilia, and diarrhea. Finally, the document discusses epidemiological aspects like soil-transmitted helminths, opportunistic infections, and sexually transmitted parasites.
Helminthic infections, Giardiasis and Amoebiasis.pptx
Parasitology, protozoal infections, helminthic infections. A more of a clinical aspects of these infections.
Malaria final
Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by mosquitoes that infects over 350 million people annually, killing over 1 million mostly young children in sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by Plasmodium parasites including P. falciparum which is responsible for the majority of deaths. The parasite undergoes asexual reproduction in the liver and blood cells of humans. Infected mosquitoes can then transmit the parasite to other humans, perpetuating the cycle. Symptoms include fevers, anemia, and enlarged spleen. Without treatment, P. falciparum malaria can lead to severe complications and death.
6. plasmodium
Plasmodium is a unicellular parasite that causes malaria in humans. It is transmitted via the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Plasmodium has a complex life cycle involving sexual reproduction in mosquitoes and asexual reproduction in humans. When an infected mosquito bites a human, sporozoites enter the liver and later infect red blood cells, causing symptoms such as fever, chills, and anemia. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears under a microscope to identify the Plasmodium species and stages. Treatment involves antimalarial drugs, while control relies on preventing mosquito bites and reducing mosquito populations.
Malaria
Malaria is caused by four species of Plasmodium parasites: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. falciparum, and P. malariae. To diagnose malaria, a blood sample should be collected 2-6 hours after fever peaks and both thick and thin blood smears prepared and stained with Giemsa/Leishman stain. P. vivax exhibits ring-shaped trophozoites within red blood cells, larger schizonts filled with reddish dots, and eccentric blue gametocytes. P. falciparum only shows ring-stage trophozoites and peripheral blood along with crescent-shaped female gametocytes that are blue with a central red nucleus.
paragonimiasis.ppt_final.pptx
This document provides an overview of paragonimiasis, a parasitic infection of the respiratory tract caused by the trematode Paragonimus westermani. It is endemic in northeast India, especially Manipur. The life cycle involves 3 hosts - humans, snails, and crabs or crayfish. Clinical manifestations include cough with rusty sputum due to lung cysts and inflammation. Diagnosis is made by detecting eggs in sputum or antibodies/antigens in serum or stool. Prevention focuses on sanitation and health education. Treatment uses praziquantel.
Schistosoma -.pdf
This document discusses the parasite Schistosoma, which causes schistosomiasis (bilharzia). It details the morphology, life cycle, transmission, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the three main species (S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum) that infect humans. The life cycle involves freshwater snails shedding cercariae that penetrate human skin, mature into adult worms in the blood vessels, and release eggs that can cause damage and are excreted in stool or urine to continue the cycle. Diagnosis is via egg identification in stool/urine or tissue biopsy, and treatment involves praziquantel or other
Sporozoa I
This document discusses malaria parasites and Babesia. It provides details on:
- The life cycles and classification of malaria parasites including Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale and knowlesi.
- The pathogenesis and clinical features of malaria including febrile paroxysms, anemia, splenomegaly, and complications of falciparum malaria.
- Diagnosis of malaria using microscopic examination of blood smears, rapid diagnostic tests, and molecular methods.
- Treatment and drug resistance of malaria parasites.
- Epidemiology and prevention of malaria.
- Babesia species that can infect humans, their pathogenesis, diagnosis using blood
Malaria
1. The document discusses malaria, providing classifications of the Plasmodium parasite, details of its life cycle within human and mosquito hosts, methods of diagnosis, and strategies for treatment and prevention.
2. Key points covered include the routes of transmission from mosquitoes to humans, stages within the parasite's complex life cycle including pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic schizogony, and the use of rapid antigen detection tests and microscopy to diagnose malaria.
3. Treatment focuses on artemisinin combination therapy, while prevention emphasizes insecticide use and insecticide-treated bed nets to control the mosquito vector.
Treponema pallidum
A 56-year-old male presented with progressive cognitive decline and was diagnosed with neurosyphilis. Diagnostic tests found positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid serology for Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis. The patient exhibited symptoms of the tertiary stage of syphilis including neurological involvement. Neurosyphilis was confirmed as the cause of his cognitive and behavioral changes.
malarial fever and its management and preventable measures
Malarial fever is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted via the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The most common species that cause malaria in humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum. The parasite's lifecycle involves stages in both the human host and the mosquito vector. In humans, the parasites infect liver cells and red blood cells, causing symptoms that include fevers, chills, and anemia. Control and prevention of malaria focuses on destroying mosquito vectors, preventing infection through repellents and anti-malarial drugs, and treating infected patients.
MALARIA.pptx
This document summarizes information about malaria, including:
- The four main species that cause malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. P. falciparum is the most lethal form.
- Symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, headache, fatigue and organ damage in severe cases like cerebral malaria, acute kidney injury and respiratory distress.
- Diagnosis is via blood smear microscopy and rapid antigen tests. Treatment depends on species, ranging from chloroquine for most to artemisinin-based combination therapies for P. falciparum. Prognosis is generally good with treatment but poor if P
Malaria
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is one of the world’s leading causes of death, particularly among children in developing countries.
Introduction Malaria
Chronology in Malaria
Epidemology
Life cycle
Pathogenesis and clinical feature
Lab Test
Treatment of Malaria
Prevention of Malaria
1.pptx
Plasmodium parasites are classified within the Apicomplexa phylum. They have complex life cycles involving both human and mosquito hosts. In humans, they infect and multiply within liver cells and red blood cells, causing cyclical fevers, anemia, and splenomegaly. The different Plasmodium species vary in their periodicity of fevers and clinical severity, with P. falciparum being the most lethal form of malaria.
10 infectious disease parasites
Malaria
Four species
P. vivax (most common)
P. falciparum (most deadly)
P. malariae
P. ovale
Characterized by recurrent bouts of chills fever & hemolysis
Transmission; female anopheles mosquito
Malaria
Pharmacotherapeutics of Malaria
define, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Etiology, Sign and Symptoms, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Patient Counselling
Malaria 2019.pptx plamodium ovsle, falciprum, vivax, malarea
Malaria is caused by five species of Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted via mosquito bites. The parasites have a complex lifecycle involving both mosquito and human hosts. In humans, the parasites initially infect liver cells before multiplying further in red blood cells, causing symptoms like fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Severe malaria can cause complications such as cerebral malaria, respiratory distress, and low blood counts. Diagnosis involves microscopy of blood smears or rapid tests detecting parasite antigens. Several antimalarial drugs target different lifecycle stages of the parasite.
Euglenozoa.pptx
This document discusses hemoflagellates, which are parasites that inhabit human tissues and blood with the aid of vectors. It summarizes characteristics of key genera, including Leishmania and Trypanosoma species. Leishmania tropica is described as the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with a life cycle involving the sandfly vector and transmission through its bite. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes Gambian sleeping sickness and is transmitted by tsetse flies, with the parasite found in blood and lymph nodes in the febrile stage and cerebrospinal fluid in the sleeping sickness stage. Diagnosis and treatment options are also briefly mentioned.
Laboratory diagnosis of malaria
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted via mosquito bites. The document discusses the history and life cycle of malaria parasites, describing how they were first observed by Hippocrates and eventually their full life cycle was discovered in the late 19th/early 20th century. It also summarizes methods for diagnosing malaria, including examining blood smears under microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests, fluorescent microscopy using stains, and PCR to detect parasite genetic material.
Introduction to medical parasitology
This document provides an overview of medical parasitology. It defines parasitology as the study of organisms that live temporarily or permanently in or on the human body. There are three main classes of medical parasitology: medical protozoology, medical helminthology, and medical entomology. The document defines key parasitology terms like parasite, host, symbiosis, life cycle, and provides classifications of different types of parasites including protozoa and helminths.
Malaria resistance
This document summarizes several biological factors that provide resistance against falciparum malaria:
1) Hemoglobin S provides protection to heterozygous individuals by causing parasitized red blood cells to sickle more quickly, phagocytosing the parasites before they can develop.
2) Thalassemia genes may injure parasites invading thalassemic cells due to increased membrane sensitivity to peroxide damage.
3) G6PD deficient females have red blood cell populations with normal and deficient enzyme activity; studies show G6PD positive cells contain more parasites.
4) Ovalocytic red blood cells show relative resistance to P. falciparum likely due to morphological abnormalities and antigenic membrane composition.
More Related Content
Similar to Malariae malaria
Plasmodium species
The document summarizes the four main Plasmodium species that cause malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. It describes their life cycles, which involve sexual reproduction in mosquitos and asexual reproduction in human liver and red blood cells. P. falciparum causes the most severe disease and is the most likely to result in complications like cerebral malaria and blackwater fever. The life cycle and symptoms of the different species are discussed in detail.
Clinical parasitology samples signs and symptoms
This document provides an overview of parasites that can be diagnosed from different clinical samples like blood, stool, urine, and biopsies. It describes the types of parasites that may be found in each sample, such as Plasmodium in blood films, helminth eggs in stool, and Schistosoma eggs or microfilariae in urine. Signs and symptoms caused by parasitic infections are also outlined, including fever, anemia, eosinophilia, and diarrhea. Finally, the document discusses epidemiological aspects like soil-transmitted helminths, opportunistic infections, and sexually transmitted parasites.
Helminthic infections, Giardiasis and Amoebiasis.pptx
Parasitology, protozoal infections, helminthic infections. A more of a clinical aspects of these infections.
Malaria final
Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by mosquitoes that infects over 350 million people annually, killing over 1 million mostly young children in sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by Plasmodium parasites including P. falciparum which is responsible for the majority of deaths. The parasite undergoes asexual reproduction in the liver and blood cells of humans. Infected mosquitoes can then transmit the parasite to other humans, perpetuating the cycle. Symptoms include fevers, anemia, and enlarged spleen. Without treatment, P. falciparum malaria can lead to severe complications and death.
6. plasmodium
Plasmodium is a unicellular parasite that causes malaria in humans. It is transmitted via the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Plasmodium has a complex life cycle involving sexual reproduction in mosquitoes and asexual reproduction in humans. When an infected mosquito bites a human, sporozoites enter the liver and later infect red blood cells, causing symptoms such as fever, chills, and anemia. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears under a microscope to identify the Plasmodium species and stages. Treatment involves antimalarial drugs, while control relies on preventing mosquito bites and reducing mosquito populations.
Malaria
Malaria is caused by four species of Plasmodium parasites: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. falciparum, and P. malariae. To diagnose malaria, a blood sample should be collected 2-6 hours after fever peaks and both thick and thin blood smears prepared and stained with Giemsa/Leishman stain. P. vivax exhibits ring-shaped trophozoites within red blood cells, larger schizonts filled with reddish dots, and eccentric blue gametocytes. P. falciparum only shows ring-stage trophozoites and peripheral blood along with crescent-shaped female gametocytes that are blue with a central red nucleus.
paragonimiasis.ppt_final.pptx
This document provides an overview of paragonimiasis, a parasitic infection of the respiratory tract caused by the trematode Paragonimus westermani. It is endemic in northeast India, especially Manipur. The life cycle involves 3 hosts - humans, snails, and crabs or crayfish. Clinical manifestations include cough with rusty sputum due to lung cysts and inflammation. Diagnosis is made by detecting eggs in sputum or antibodies/antigens in serum or stool. Prevention focuses on sanitation and health education. Treatment uses praziquantel.
Schistosoma -.pdf
This document discusses the parasite Schistosoma, which causes schistosomiasis (bilharzia). It details the morphology, life cycle, transmission, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the three main species (S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum) that infect humans. The life cycle involves freshwater snails shedding cercariae that penetrate human skin, mature into adult worms in the blood vessels, and release eggs that can cause damage and are excreted in stool or urine to continue the cycle. Diagnosis is via egg identification in stool/urine or tissue biopsy, and treatment involves praziquantel or other
Sporozoa I
This document discusses malaria parasites and Babesia. It provides details on:
- The life cycles and classification of malaria parasites including Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale and knowlesi.
- The pathogenesis and clinical features of malaria including febrile paroxysms, anemia, splenomegaly, and complications of falciparum malaria.
- Diagnosis of malaria using microscopic examination of blood smears, rapid diagnostic tests, and molecular methods.
- Treatment and drug resistance of malaria parasites.
- Epidemiology and prevention of malaria.
- Babesia species that can infect humans, their pathogenesis, diagnosis using blood
Malaria
1. The document discusses malaria, providing classifications of the Plasmodium parasite, details of its life cycle within human and mosquito hosts, methods of diagnosis, and strategies for treatment and prevention.
2. Key points covered include the routes of transmission from mosquitoes to humans, stages within the parasite's complex life cycle including pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic schizogony, and the use of rapid antigen detection tests and microscopy to diagnose malaria.
3. Treatment focuses on artemisinin combination therapy, while prevention emphasizes insecticide use and insecticide-treated bed nets to control the mosquito vector.
Treponema pallidum
A 56-year-old male presented with progressive cognitive decline and was diagnosed with neurosyphilis. Diagnostic tests found positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid serology for Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis. The patient exhibited symptoms of the tertiary stage of syphilis including neurological involvement. Neurosyphilis was confirmed as the cause of his cognitive and behavioral changes.
malarial fever and its management and preventable measures
Malarial fever is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted via the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The most common species that cause malaria in humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum. The parasite's lifecycle involves stages in both the human host and the mosquito vector. In humans, the parasites infect liver cells and red blood cells, causing symptoms that include fevers, chills, and anemia. Control and prevention of malaria focuses on destroying mosquito vectors, preventing infection through repellents and anti-malarial drugs, and treating infected patients.
MALARIA.pptx
This document summarizes information about malaria, including:
- The four main species that cause malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. P. falciparum is the most lethal form.
- Symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, headache, fatigue and organ damage in severe cases like cerebral malaria, acute kidney injury and respiratory distress.
- Diagnosis is via blood smear microscopy and rapid antigen tests. Treatment depends on species, ranging from chloroquine for most to artemisinin-based combination therapies for P. falciparum. Prognosis is generally good with treatment but poor if P
Malaria
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is one of the world’s leading causes of death, particularly among children in developing countries.
Introduction Malaria
Chronology in Malaria
Epidemology
Life cycle
Pathogenesis and clinical feature
Lab Test
Treatment of Malaria
Prevention of Malaria
1.pptx
Plasmodium parasites are classified within the Apicomplexa phylum. They have complex life cycles involving both human and mosquito hosts. In humans, they infect and multiply within liver cells and red blood cells, causing cyclical fevers, anemia, and splenomegaly. The different Plasmodium species vary in their periodicity of fevers and clinical severity, with P. falciparum being the most lethal form of malaria.
10 infectious disease parasites
Malaria
Four species
P. vivax (most common)
P. falciparum (most deadly)
P. malariae
P. ovale
Characterized by recurrent bouts of chills fever & hemolysis
Transmission; female anopheles mosquito
Malaria
Pharmacotherapeutics of Malaria
define, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Etiology, Sign and Symptoms, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Patient Counselling
Malaria 2019.pptx plamodium ovsle, falciprum, vivax, malarea
Malaria is caused by five species of Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted via mosquito bites. The parasites have a complex lifecycle involving both mosquito and human hosts. In humans, the parasites initially infect liver cells before multiplying further in red blood cells, causing symptoms like fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Severe malaria can cause complications such as cerebral malaria, respiratory distress, and low blood counts. Diagnosis involves microscopy of blood smears or rapid tests detecting parasite antigens. Several antimalarial drugs target different lifecycle stages of the parasite.
Euglenozoa.pptx
This document discusses hemoflagellates, which are parasites that inhabit human tissues and blood with the aid of vectors. It summarizes characteristics of key genera, including Leishmania and Trypanosoma species. Leishmania tropica is described as the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with a life cycle involving the sandfly vector and transmission through its bite. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes Gambian sleeping sickness and is transmitted by tsetse flies, with the parasite found in blood and lymph nodes in the febrile stage and cerebrospinal fluid in the sleeping sickness stage. Diagnosis and treatment options are also briefly mentioned.
Laboratory diagnosis of malaria
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted via mosquito bites. The document discusses the history and life cycle of malaria parasites, describing how they were first observed by Hippocrates and eventually their full life cycle was discovered in the late 19th/early 20th century. It also summarizes methods for diagnosing malaria, including examining blood smears under microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests, fluorescent microscopy using stains, and PCR to detect parasite genetic material.
Similar to Malariae malaria (20)
Helminthic infections, Giardiasis and Amoebiasis.pptx
Helminthic infections, Giardiasis and Amoebiasis.pptx
malarial fever and its management and preventable measures
malarial fever and its management and preventable measures
Malaria 2019.pptx plamodium ovsle, falciprum, vivax, malarea
Malaria 2019.pptx plamodium ovsle, falciprum, vivax, malarea
More from Mosab Nouraldein
Introduction to medical parasitology
This document provides an overview of medical parasitology. It defines parasitology as the study of organisms that live temporarily or permanently in or on the human body. There are three main classes of medical parasitology: medical protozoology, medical helminthology, and medical entomology. The document defines key parasitology terms like parasite, host, symbiosis, life cycle, and provides classifications of different types of parasites including protozoa and helminths.
Malaria resistance
This document summarizes several biological factors that provide resistance against falciparum malaria:
1) Hemoglobin S provides protection to heterozygous individuals by causing parasitized red blood cells to sickle more quickly, phagocytosing the parasites before they can develop.
2) Thalassemia genes may injure parasites invading thalassemic cells due to increased membrane sensitivity to peroxide damage.
3) G6PD deficient females have red blood cell populations with normal and deficient enzyme activity; studies show G6PD positive cells contain more parasites.
4) Ovalocytic red blood cells show relative resistance to P. falciparum likely due to morphological abnormalities and antigenic membrane composition.
Brugia species
Brugia species are parasites that cause lymphatic filariasis. There are two main species, B. malayi and B. timori. B. malayi was discovered in 1927 in Malaya, while B. timori was described in 1965 in Timor. Both have an indirect life cycle involving human hosts and mosquito intermediate hosts. Symptoms include lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, and late-stage lymphedema or elephantiasis. Diagnosis methods include blood smears, serological tests, PCR, and detecting microfilariae in urine. Control involves early diagnosis, treatment, vector control, and health education.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis. It is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes lymph vessels to become blocked leading to swelling known as elephantiasis. The parasite has an indirect lifecycle, using humans as the definitive host and mosquitoes from genera including Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia and Aedes as intermediate hosts. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears or using serological tests and PCR to detect microfilariae or antibodies against the parasite. Control relies on early diagnosis and treatment, vector control through mosquito reduction, and health education.
Plasmodium ovale
P. ovale is a plasmodium species that causes malaria. It was first described in 1914 and is primarily found in sub-Saharan Africa and some Pacific islands. Unlike P. vivax, P. ovale can infect people without the Duffy blood group, explaining its higher prevalence in Africa. Symptoms of P. ovale malaria generally appear 12 to 20 days after infection and include fevers every 48 hours along with sweats and chills. Diagnosis is made by examining blood films for trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes in red blood cells, which are often enlarged and oval-shaped. Treatment involves early diagnosis, early antimalarial treatment, vector control measures, and health education
Plasmodium vivax m
This document provides information about Plasmodium vivax, the parasite that causes benign tertian malaria. P. vivax originated in Asia and is mostly found in Asia, Latin America, and parts of Africa. It has dormant liver stages called hypnozoites that can activate months or years later to cause relapse. Symptoms include fever, chills, sweats, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis involves blood film examination, rapid tests, culture and PCR. Treatment includes chloroquine and primaquine which target the blood and liver stages respectively. Prevention involves chemoprophylaxis with drugs like chloroquine and mosquito control measures.
Hook worms
Hook worms are intestinal parasites that infect humans and cause iron deficiency anemia. There are two main species that infect humans: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. They are transmitted through skin penetration by the infective larval stage or oral ingestion of larvae. The larvae mature into adult worms in the small intestine where they attach and feed on the host's blood, causing anemia. Symptoms range from asymptomatic infection to epigastric pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples microscopically for eggs. Treatment and prevention includes medication of infected individuals, health education, and safe sanitation practices.
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides stercoralis, also known as the dwarf threadworm or military worm, is a parasitic roundworm that infects the small intestine. It was first discovered in the feces of French soldiers in 1876. The parasite has a direct life cycle within the human host and an optional free-living cycle in the environment. Transmission occurs through skin contact with filariform larvae in soil. Light infections may be asymptomatic, while heavier infections can cause gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples under a microscope or using concentration techniques to find rhabditiform larvae.
Trichiuris trichiura
Trichiuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm, was first described in 1771. It resides in the large intestine of humans, mainly in children, and is found worldwide, especially in warm, moist climates. The whipworm life cycle involves eggs being passed in feces and requiring approximately 28 days outside the body to embryonate before being infectious if ingested. Heavy infections can cause abdominal pain, dysentery, and iron deficiency anemia. Prevention focuses on health education, treatment, and avoiding use of untreated human waste as fertilizer.
Light microscope
The document describes the light microscope. It defines a microscope as an optical instrument used to see small objects. It discusses the history of the microscope, including that the first compound microscope was created in 1590 and that Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek made early microscopic discoveries. It also outlines the basic parts of the light microscope, how they work together to magnify specimens, and proper use techniques.
Lab instrumentation
This document discusses laboratory instrumentation and the selection, purchase, and maintenance of laboratory equipment. It outlines seven criteria for selecting laboratory instruments, including whether the equipment improves services, the costs, suitability for the laboratory environment, staff training needs, replacement part availability, use of locally prepared reagents, and service contract terms. Eight steps for successful equipment purchasing are defined: establishing need, requirements, resources, calling tenders, evaluation, selection, and purchase. Recommendations for repair and maintenance include providing service manuals, spare parts lists, demonstrations, staff training, and backup equipment.
Lab centrifuges
A centrifuge is a laboratory device that spins liquid samples at high speeds to separate components by density. It has a central shaft that rotates tubes containing samples, subjecting them to centrifugal force. This force throws denser particles to the bottom of the tubes, separating them from less dense materials above. There are several types of centrifuges including benchtop, refrigerated, micro, and vacuum centrifuges used for various sample volumes and separation purposes. Proper balancing of tubes and following safety procedures are important when using a centrifuge.
Balances
This document discusses the principles and proper use of balances. It explains that a balance measures the force of gravity on an object, or its weight. Weight is dependent on location, while mass remains constant. Electronic balances use electromagnetic forces rather than beams to counterbalance a sample and convert the electrical signal to a weight measurement. The document provides guidelines for operating balances accurately, including leveling, taring, and avoiding sources of error like vibration. It stresses the importance of calibration and quality control programs to ensure balance measurements are valid.
E.vermicularis
Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as pinworm, is a parasitic nematode that infects the large intestine of humans. It has a worldwide distribution and infects approximately 209 million people globally, predominantly among school-aged children between 5-10 years old. The parasite has a direct life cycle where humans are the only host. Female pinworms emerge from the anus at night to lay eggs, causing perianal pruritus and restlessness in infected individuals. Diagnosis involves examining perianal swabs, stool samples, or fingernails for the presence of pinworm eggs under a microscope.
Ascaris lumbricoides
1. Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest intestinal roundworm that infects humans.
2. It has a cosmopolitan distribution but mainly affects tropical countries.
3. Infection occurs through ingestion of Ascaris eggs from contaminated soil, water, or food. The eggs are very resilient and can survive for years in the environment.
4. Most infections are asymptomatic but symptoms can include pulmonary issues from migrating larvae or intestinal problems from adult worms such as abdominal pain or malnutrition.
Introduction to nematodes
Nematodes are elongated, cylindrical worms that are bilaterally symmetrical. They vary in size from millimeters to over a meter in length. Most nematodes live freely in freshwater, seawater, or soil, though some are parasitic. Nematodes are classified based on their habitat and mode of infection, and whether they lay eggs or produce live larvae. They pass through six developmental stages from egg to adult. Parasitic nematodes cause tissue damage through mechanical disruption and toxicity, with the level of damage depending on factors like species, worm burden, habitat, and host immune response.
Medical entomology
The document discusses entomology, the study of arthropods. It defines key terms like taxonomy and describes the classification system developed by Aristotle, John Ray, and Carolus Linnaeus. The text outlines important characteristics of arthropods like their exoskeleton, segmented body, and jointed limbs. It also examines the five major classes of arthropods and how they can affect human health as nuisances, carriers of diseases, or through bites, venoms, and allergies.
More from Mosab Nouraldein (17)
Recently uploaded
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Recently uploaded (20)
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Malariae malaria
- 2. History • Discovered by Feletti and Grassi 1889 • They named it Haemamoeba malariae.
- 3. Geographical distribution • Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America
- 4. Life cycle
- 5. • Plasmodium malariae have low parasitemia due to: Low number of merozoite produced from asexual cycle Long period of asexual cycle(72 hours) Development inside aged(old) RBCs
- 6. Clinical features • Cardinal signs of malaria (every72hours/ quartan malaria): Fever stage Sweat stage • Cold stage Others: • Nausea • Chills
- 7. • Complication: • Most cases occur with mild symptoms due to low parasitemia • Nephrotic syndrome • Edema • Plasmodium malariae has a recrudescence such as P.falciparum
- 8. Lab diagnosis • Examination of thick and thin blood film • All stages present in peripheral blood(trophozoite-schizont & gametocyte) • Blood concentration techniques(e.g. Buffy coat method) • Size of infected RBCs is normal • PCR
- 10. Late trophozoite (band form)
- 11. Schizont (Rosette form )
- 12. Control • Early diagnosis • Early treatment • Health education • Vector control