Maintenance testing
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Maintenance testing involves testing software changes and enhancements to ensure they do not impact existing functionality. It has two parts - changes are tested thoroughly and regression testing is done to check for unintended consequences. Test cases, plans and reports are updated and preserved along with any changes to requirements or specifications. There are two types of modifications - planned, like adding features or fixing defects; and ad-hoc for immediate issues.
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Process validation involves collecting data throughout production to demonstrate a process can consistently deliver quality products. It includes qualification, validation, and revalidation. Qualification establishes equipment and facilities can achieve specifications. Validation proves processes consistently achieve expected results. There are several types of validation including prospective, concurrent, and retrospective. Prospective validation establishes processes in development before implementation. Concurrent validation uses production processes and equipment after prospective validation. Retrospective validation confirms product quality during shelf life using market samples. Revalidation occurs when changes are made that could impact quality.
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The document discusses test management which includes test planning, test process, test reporting, and test metrics. It provides details on developing a test plan, test case specification, requirement traceability matrix, and executing test cases. The key aspects of test management are test standards, infrastructure management, and people/team management. Test metrics such as requirements volatility, review efficiency, productivity, and defect ratios are used for test oversight and decision making. A test summary report communicates the results of testing to stakeholders and includes test coverage, outstanding defects, and an overall assessment of the testing effort.
Prototype Model in Software Engineering.pptx
The Prototyping Model is one of the most popularly used Software Development Life Cycle Models (SDLC models). This model is used when the customers do not know the exact project requirements beforehand. In this model, a prototype of the end product is first developed, tested, and refined as per customer feedback repeatedly till a final acceptable prototype is achieved which forms the basis for developing the final product.
Software Configuration Management.pptx
1. Software configuration management is concerned with tracking and controlling changes to software work products throughout the development and maintenance lifecycles.
2. It involves identifying work products under configuration control, implementing a change control process to authorize changes, and using configuration management tools to track revisions, versions, and variants of work products.
3. The goals of configuration management include preventing unauthorized changes, coordinating changes across variants, and accurately determining the current project status.
Validation utility system
The document discusses validation of critical utility systems used in pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. It focuses on validation of HVAC, water, and steam systems. For HVAC validation, it provides details on DQ, IQ, OQ, and PQ protocols including objectives, responsibilities, tests performed. It discusses user requirements, specifications for HVAC control and monitoring. For water system validation, it discusses purification methods, grade of water, and protocols for IQ, OQ and PQ. It also discusses two types of steam systems - house steam and clean steam - and validation considerations for each.
Testing throughout the software life cycle
The document discusses testing throughout the software development life cycle. It describes different types of testing including verification testing, validation testing, component testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, functional testing, non-functional testing, structural testing, and regression testing. Testing is important at various stages of the life cycle from initial development to maintenance to ensure the software meets requirements and user needs.
Software Quality Assurance
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
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Qualification of Dissolution Test Apparatus and Validation of Utility System
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Why need software testing
Testing software is necessary for several reasons: software has become important in personal and business use but defects can enter through human mistakes or external factors; testing finds both functional and non-functional defects to ensure legal compliance, quality, and on-time project delivery; and testing verifies that critical applications with life-dependent software and artificial intelligence meet customer expectations and are free of defects.
What is testing
Testing involves all activities before and after test execution to find faults in software and gain confidence in a product. The objectives of testing change during different phases of software development, maintenance, and acceptance testing. Debugging is distinct from testing as testing provides customers a clear picture of their software's progress.
Waterfall model
The Waterfall model is a sequential development process where progress flows in one direction like a waterfall from conception to maintenance. It works best for projects with stable requirements over a short duration, as documentation and milestones are clearly defined at each stage from requirements to testing. However, the Waterfall model is not suitable for projects where requirements may change, as it is difficult to measure progress or make changes without restarting the entire process, and testing only occurs late.
V model
The V-Model is a software development lifecycle model that structures testing activities in parallel to steps in the design process. It extends the waterfall model by performing testing at each development stage in both forward and reverse direction. This allows bugs to be found early and defects to be tracked proactively. The V-Model follows a strict process to develop quality software and constantly measures productivity through test case creation and coverage. However, it requires significant resources and money, and changes midway require updating documentation.
Types of test tools
The document discusses various types of test tools used at different stages of testing. It describes tools for test management, requirements management, incident management, configuration management, static testing, static analysis, modeling, test design, test data preparation, test execution, test harness, test comparators, coverage measurement, security testing, dynamic analysis, performance testing, load testing, stress testing, monitoring and thanks the reader. The tools support activities like scheduling tests, tracking bugs, reviewing code, generating test data, automating test execution, measuring code coverage and monitoring system performance.
Types of reviews
There are four main types of reviews discussed: walkthroughs, technical reviews, inspections, and success factors for reviews. Walkthroughs are led by the author and aim to give all reviewers a common understanding of high-level documents. Technical reviews focus on technical content and involve peer review. Inspections are the most formal type of review with proper logging and trained moderators. Key success factors for effective reviews include finding a champion, explicitly planning activities, training participants, and continuously improving processes.
Test progress, monitoring and control
Monitoring test activities provides visibility into progress and gathers data to track testing metrics. Reports display executed test cases, defects, and effort over time to determine when exit criteria is met. These reports are shared to stakeholders through charts and graphs to discuss test objectives and results. Test control is needed as projects rarely go as planned, requiring adjustments to testing timelines, environments, and iterations to accommodate issues like delays, shifted requirements, or higher defect rates.
Test organization
The document discusses test organization and independent vs integrated testing. It notes that independent testing can bring more defects to light but risks isolation from other teams. Independent testing may be seen as overhead. The document also discusses the roles of test leaders and testers, and defines important skills for test staff, including application domain knowledge, technology skills, and testing expertise. Most projects fail when focus is not on testing.
Structure testing
White box testing, also called glass box or transparent testing, involves testing the internal structure or code of a system. It requires knowledge of the system's code and tests each statement, branch, and path of the code. Statement coverage tests that each statement is executed at least once, branch coverage tests all possible outcomes of conditions, and path coverage tests all possible paths through the code. Together these coverage types aim to thoroughly test the internal logic and functionality of the system.
Static analysis by tools
Static analysis tools can help improve code quality by detecting errors early. They are used by developers before and during testing to check for issues related to coding standards, code complexity metrics, code structure, and unused code. Static analysis of 1,000 lines of code can find many errors that cannot be uncovered through dynamic testing alone. This allows developers to focus more on program logic.
Specification based (black-box) testing techniques
The document discusses different types of specification-based or black-box testing techniques. It describes equivalence partitioning which involves testing one condition from each partition of similar inputs. Boundary value analysis tests at the boundaries between partitions. Decision tables test business logic by identifying input combinations and determining outcomes. State transition testing is used when a system can be in different states and the transitions between states are determined by rules.
Roles and responsibilties in reviews
The document outlines the roles and responsibilities in reviews including the moderator, author, scribe, reviewers, and manager. The moderator leads the review process and coordinates with the author. The author is responsible for the document under review and improving it based on feedback. The scribe logs all defects and feedback during the meeting. Reviewers find defects before the meeting and provide technical feedback. The manager decides how reviews are executed and may also act as a reviewer.
Rapid application development model
The Rapid Application Development (RAD) model is an incremental model that delivers software to users early by devoting less time to planning and more time to development. It uses a combination of Joint Application Development techniques and CASE tools to convert user needs into designs through collaboration between system developers and users. Feedback from development is then used to refine requirements and design. The RAD model aims to complete projects on time and within budget while identifying problems early through its fast iterative development process.
Phases of review
The document outlines the phases of a review process: planning, preparation, kick-off meeting, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. It describes the key activities in each phase, including defining entry/exit criteria, checking documents for defects, logging issues, making decisions on defects, reworking documents based on feedback, and following up to ensure all defects were addressed. The overall process is meant to thoroughly examine documents for errors, standards compliance, and testability through group discussion and iterative improvement cycles.
Non functional testing
Non-functional testing checks how well a product works by focusing on characteristics like reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability. It tests customer expectations and includes performance testing to check a system's speed, load testing to see how it behaves under normal and peak usage, stress testing beyond its capabilities, and usability, reliability, and portability testing.
Iterative model
The iterative model breaks a project into small modules that can be delivered incrementally. A working version is produced in the first module, with each subsequent release adding additional functionality until the full system is complete. It allows for quick releases during development and makes it easier to develop and test in smaller iterations while incorporating customer feedback at each stage. However, it requires more resources than traditional models and skilled management to avoid increased costs over time.
Integration testing
Integration testing tests the interactions between software components, systems, and interfaces after component testing. It checks communication between two or more components without testing individual functions, and can include performance testing. Approaches include big bang which integrates all at once, incremental which integrates components one by one, and sandwich which starts from the middle layer. The incremental approach can be top-down, bottom-up, or functional.
Identifying test conditions and designing tests cases
This document discusses identifying test conditions and designing test cases. It explains that test conditions are things that could be tested, derived from requirements documents or other test basis. Not everything can be exhaustively tested, so prioritization and test techniques are used to guide selection. Traceability links test conditions back to their sources to aid in changes, failures, and coverage. Test cases should specify expected results, start with scary scenarios, use oracles to know correct behavior, and include negative testing. Test procedures group and specify the steps to run tests, and automated scripts are written programs.
Fundamental test process
The document outlines the fundamental test process which includes 5 steps: 1) test planning and controlling to identify objectives and implement strategy, 2) test analysis and design to review requirements and define tests, 3) test implementation and execution to automate test scripts and execute test cases, 4) evaluating exit criteria and reporting results to determine if more testing is needed, and 5) test closure activities such as closing defects and evaluating lessons learned to complete the process.
Functional testing
Functional testing focuses on verifying that the functions of a system work as expected based on customer requirements and documentation. It tests what the system does from a black box perspective. Functional testing can be done from either a requirements-based approach using specifications or a business-process-based approach using use cases, and involves creating test data, determining expected results, executing tests, comparing actual and expected outcomes, and reporting any defects found.
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Maintenance testing
- 2. MAINTENANCE TESTING • Testing that is executed during this life cycle phase is called 'maintenance testing‘ • The Testing done during this enhancement, change and migration cycle is known as maintenance testing. • Maintainability testing is different from maintenance testing • On receipt of the new or changed specifications, corresponding test cases are specified or adapted • In maintenance testing, tester should consider 2 parts: 1. Any changes made in software should be tested thoroughly 2. The changes made in software does not affect the existing functionality of the software, so regression testing is also done.For which impact analysis is done http://appium-selenium.com/
- 3. MAINTENANCE TESTING • On completion of the testing, the testware, test basis is once again preserved • Testware: Testware is produced by both verification and validation testing methods. Testware includes test cases, test plan, test report • Test basis: is defined as the source of information or the document that is needed to write test cases and also for test analysis http://appium-selenium.com/
- 4. MAINTENANCE TESTING • There can be 2 types of modifications: 1. Planned modifications • Perfective modifications (adapting software to the user's wishes, for instance by supplying new functions or enhancing performance) • Adaptive modifications (adapting software to environmental changes such as new hardware, new systems software or new legislation); • Corrective planned modifications (deferrable correction of defects) 2. Ad-hoc corrective modifications • Network goes down • Some functionality not working http://appium-selenium.com/