Component testing
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Component testing, also known as unit, module, or program testing, involves individually testing each component or module of a website or application in isolation from the full system. This includes testing each page of a website separately and using stubs and drivers to replace missing dependencies. Component testing checks for issues like memory leaks and validates performance before integration testing brings components together into a full system.
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Component testing
This document is a working draft (version 3.4 dated 27 April 2001) of the Standard for Software Component Testing produced by the British Computer Society Specialist Interest Group in Software Testing (BCS SIGIST). The standard provides guidance on testing individual software components and describes techniques for test case design and measurement to help improve testing quality and software quality. It is intended to enable the measurement and comparison of component testing performed and aims to make the testing process auditable.
What is component testing | David Tzemach
Component testing involves testing individual components of an application in isolation to validate their functionality. It is done after unit testing and before integration testing. The testing process involves defining requirements, creating test cases, executing tests, finding and fixing defects, and summarizing results. An example is testing the login page of a web application by validating its security, interfaces, inputs, and performance. Integration component testing then checks for errors when components are combined.
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YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/8UfQ8quw0Eg
(**Test Automation Masters Program: https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/automation-testing-engineer-training **)
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Integration testing
Integration testing tests the interactions between software components, systems, and interfaces after component testing. It checks communication between two or more components without testing individual functions, and can include performance testing. Approaches include big bang which integrates all at once, incremental which integrates components one by one, and sandwich which starts from the middle layer. The incremental approach can be top-down, bottom-up, or functional.
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Component testing
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Component testing involves testing individual components of an application in isolation to validate their functionality. It is done after unit testing and before integration testing. The testing process involves defining requirements, creating test cases, executing tests, finding and fixing defects, and summarizing results. An example is testing the login page of a web application by validating its security, interfaces, inputs, and performance. Integration component testing then checks for errors when components are combined.
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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
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Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
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Testing involves all activities before and after test execution to find faults in software and gain confidence in a product. The objectives of testing change during different phases of software development, maintenance, and acceptance testing. Debugging is distinct from testing as testing provides customers a clear picture of their software's progress.
Waterfall model
The Waterfall model is a sequential development process where progress flows in one direction like a waterfall from conception to maintenance. It works best for projects with stable requirements over a short duration, as documentation and milestones are clearly defined at each stage from requirements to testing. However, the Waterfall model is not suitable for projects where requirements may change, as it is difficult to measure progress or make changes without restarting the entire process, and testing only occurs late.
V model
The V-Model is a software development lifecycle model that structures testing activities in parallel to steps in the design process. It extends the waterfall model by performing testing at each development stage in both forward and reverse direction. This allows bugs to be found early and defects to be tracked proactively. The V-Model follows a strict process to develop quality software and constantly measures productivity through test case creation and coverage. However, it requires significant resources and money, and changes midway require updating documentation.
Types of test tools
The document discusses various types of test tools used at different stages of testing. It describes tools for test management, requirements management, incident management, configuration management, static testing, static analysis, modeling, test design, test data preparation, test execution, test harness, test comparators, coverage measurement, security testing, dynamic analysis, performance testing, load testing, stress testing, monitoring and thanks the reader. The tools support activities like scheduling tests, tracking bugs, reviewing code, generating test data, automating test execution, measuring code coverage and monitoring system performance.
Types of reviews
There are four main types of reviews discussed: walkthroughs, technical reviews, inspections, and success factors for reviews. Walkthroughs are led by the author and aim to give all reviewers a common understanding of high-level documents. Technical reviews focus on technical content and involve peer review. Inspections are the most formal type of review with proper logging and trained moderators. Key success factors for effective reviews include finding a champion, explicitly planning activities, training participants, and continuously improving processes.
The psychology of testing
The document discusses the psychology of testing and outlines 4 key points. It notes that developers and testers have different mindsets, with developers focusing on construction and testers on destruction. It also discusses the level of independence in testing from self-testing to external testing. Additionally, the document stresses the importance of constructive communication when reporting defects. Finally, it emphasizes that both testers and developers work towards the shared goal of product quality.
Test progress, monitoring and control
Monitoring test activities provides visibility into progress and gathers data to track testing metrics. Reports display executed test cases, defects, and effort over time to determine when exit criteria is met. These reports are shared to stakeholders through charts and graphs to discuss test objectives and results. Test control is needed as projects rarely go as planned, requiring adjustments to testing timelines, environments, and iterations to accommodate issues like delays, shifted requirements, or higher defect rates.
Test organization
The document discusses test organization and independent vs integrated testing. It notes that independent testing can bring more defects to light but risks isolation from other teams. Independent testing may be seen as overhead. The document also discusses the roles of test leaders and testers, and defines important skills for test staff, including application domain knowledge, technology skills, and testing expertise. Most projects fail when focus is not on testing.
Structure testing
White box testing, also called glass box or transparent testing, involves testing the internal structure or code of a system. It requires knowledge of the system's code and tests each statement, branch, and path of the code. Statement coverage tests that each statement is executed at least once, branch coverage tests all possible outcomes of conditions, and path coverage tests all possible paths through the code. Together these coverage types aim to thoroughly test the internal logic and functionality of the system.
Static testing
Static testing is a verification process that finds defects early without executing code. It includes reviews of documents, code, and designs to identify issues like missing requirements, inconsistencies, and non-maintainable code. While it doesn't replace dynamic testing, static testing helps reduce costs, improve understanding between team members, and catch defects earlier in the development process through techniques like reviewing and walkthroughs.
Static analysis by tools
Static analysis tools can help improve code quality by detecting errors early. They are used by developers before and during testing to check for issues related to coding standards, code complexity metrics, code structure, and unused code. Static analysis of 1,000 lines of code can find many errors that cannot be uncovered through dynamic testing alone. This allows developers to focus more on program logic.
Specification based (black-box) testing techniques
The document discusses different types of specification-based or black-box testing techniques. It describes equivalence partitioning which involves testing one condition from each partition of similar inputs. Boundary value analysis tests at the boundaries between partitions. Decision tables test business logic by identifying input combinations and determining outcomes. State transition testing is used when a system can be in different states and the transitions between states are determined by rules.
Seven testing principles
The document outlines 7 testing principles: 1) Testing finds defects but finding none does not mean none exist, 2) Exhaustive testing is impossible so smarter testing is needed, 3) Early testing saves time and money and makes customers happy, 4) Defects tend to cluster together, 5) Test cases must be updated periodically to avoid outdated "pesticide" tests, 6) Testing methods vary depending on the software context, and 7) Software should be stable before testing to avoid false negatives from instability.
Roles and responsibilties in reviews
The document outlines the roles and responsibilities in reviews including the moderator, author, scribe, reviewers, and manager. The moderator leads the review process and coordinates with the author. The author is responsible for the document under review and improving it based on feedback. The scribe logs all defects and feedback during the meeting. Reviewers find defects before the meeting and provide technical feedback. The manager decides how reviews are executed and may also act as a reviewer.
Risk & testing
The document discusses different types of risks in testing including product risks, project risks, and ways to deal with risks. Product risks refer to risks that the software may not meet customer expectations or behave abnormally. Project risks relate to factors that could affect the test project delivery or environment. Both product and project risks should be identified early from requirements and previous projects. A risk mitigation plan is also needed to address potential risks like ensuring skilled resources, handling new defects, preparing for natural disasters, and resources leaving the project.
Rapid application development model
The Rapid Application Development (RAD) model is an incremental model that delivers software to users early by devoting less time to planning and more time to development. It uses a combination of Joint Application Development techniques and CASE tools to convert user needs into designs through collaboration between system developers and users. Feedback from development is then used to refine requirements and design. The RAD model aims to complete projects on time and within budget while identifying problems early through its fast iterative development process.
Phases of review
The document outlines the phases of a review process: planning, preparation, kick-off meeting, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. It describes the key activities in each phase, including defining entry/exit criteria, checking documents for defects, logging issues, making decisions on defects, reworking documents based on feedback, and following up to ensure all defects were addressed. The overall process is meant to thoroughly examine documents for errors, standards compliance, and testability through group discussion and iterative improvement cycles.
Non functional testing
Non-functional testing checks how well a product works by focusing on characteristics like reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability. It tests customer expectations and includes performance testing to check a system's speed, load testing to see how it behaves under normal and peak usage, stress testing beyond its capabilities, and usability, reliability, and portability testing.
Maintenance testing
Maintenance testing involves testing software changes and enhancements to ensure they do not impact existing functionality. It has two parts - changes are tested thoroughly and regression testing is done to check for unintended consequences. Test cases, plans and reports are updated and preserved along with any changes to requirements or specifications. There are two types of modifications - planned, like adding features or fixing defects; and ad-hoc for immediate issues.
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