Charles Rennie Mackintosh was a Scottish architect and designer born in 1868. He studied architecture and attended evening classes at the Glasgow School of Art where he met his future wife and collaborators. Mackintosh helped establish the "Glasgow Style" through his work with The Four design group. His designs blended influences from the Arts and Crafts movement with Japonism. Mackintosh made contributions to architecture, furniture, graphic design and watercolor painting before his death in 1928.

1. CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH

2. BACKGROUND
• Born June 7th 1868
• Born in the Townhead district of Glasgow
• He was in a family of 13
• When he was 10, family moved to East end of
Glasgow
• There he did a lot of artistic sketches and
observations at a young age
• This helped lay the foundations for his future career
as an artist

3. EDUCATION
• His education started with
an architecture
apprenticeship in 1884 to
John Hutchison
• In the same year he
enrolled for architecture
evening classes at the
Glasgow School of Art
where he met his future
wife, Margaret MacDonald
• He also did a painting class
from 1884-85
An Antique Relief, 1885

4. EARLY WORK
• His classes lead to him
becoming a junior
draughtsman in 1889, for the
offices of Honeyman and
Keppie – a large architecture
firm in Glasgow
• In 1890 he was awarded a
travel scholarship for his
work, which funded a trip to
Italy. This reinvigorated him
gave him a new perspective
for his work
• In 1896 he won a competition
to design the new Glasgow
School of Art building, in Glasgow School of
which the first wing was Art, designed by Mackintosh
completed in 1899

5. THE FOUR
• He soon formed “The Four”, a
group of architects that had
also studied at Glasgow
School of Art, made up of
himself, Margaret
MacDonald, Frances
MacDonald and Herbert
MacNair
• They became the leaders of
the “Glasgow School”
movement
• Mackintosh’s work with The
Four is what set his reputation
on a wider scale The Argyle Chair, 1898, a
prominent piece of work
from his time with The Four

6. LATER WORK
• In 1904 Mackintosh became a
partner of Honeyman and
Keppie, and in 1907 the second
wing of the Glasgow School of Art
was completed
• He soon started to become
disillusioned with architecture and
wanted to change styles. He left
Honeyman and Keppie in 1914
and moved to the countryside in
Walberswick, where he focused on
watercolour work
Portrait of Mackintosh by
Francis Newberry, 1914

7. DEATH
• In 1927 Mackintosh was
forced to move to London
from his house in
France, due to illness
• That year he was
diagnosed with
cancer, but a brief
recovery left him resting at
home a few months
• He later died on 10th
December 1928, at the The Fort, 1925, one of
age of 60 Mackintosh’s last works

8. INFLUENCES
• Mackintosh held the ideologies of John Ruskin and
AWN Pugin, who championed the gothic revival
and arts and crafts movements - honestly of
craft, ethical design, etc
• He was also very much influenced by Japanese
design, he liked the idea of the simple forms and
natural materials used in their designs
• These helped start his own design style: a contrast of
strong right angles and floral decoration

9. LEGACY
• To this day, Mackintosh is still influential to contemporary
design. His graphic works are still looked at today as examples
of art nouveau with a blend of early modernism. His
combination of Japanism with the European movements is still
revered today.
• Through his architectural work with The Four, we can see the
concepts and principles they used are still relevant in design
and architecture work currently.
• His shift in artistic style from architecture to more traditional
watercolours and paintings was unheard of at the time and
still is, we found it very interesting that he would give up his
whole career and reputation as an architect just to pursue
new styles.

10. Above: Invitation to
Glasgow School of
Art, 1892
Below: There is Hope, 1901

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Books:
• Baxter, C. & Moffat, A. (1989). Remembering
Charles Rennie Mackintosh: An Illustrated
Bibliography. Britain: Colin Baxter Photography Ltd.
• Buchanan, W., Macauley, J., Macmillan, A., Rawson
, G. & Trowles, P. (1989). Mackintosh’s Masterwork.
San Francisco: Chronicle Books
• Cooper, J. (1978). Mackintosh Architecture. London:
Academy Editions
• Nuttgens, P (1988). Mackintosh and his
Contemporaries. London: John Murry Ltd.

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Websites:
• Hunterian Art Gallery (2012). Mackintosh Online
Catalogue. Retrieved from
http://www.huntsearch.gla.ac.uk/mackintosh/
• Ryan, V. (2012). An Introduction to Charles Rennie
Mackintosh. Retrieved from
http://www.technologystudent.com/joints/rennie1.
html
• Scotcities (2013). Charles Rennie Mackintosh –
Architect & Designer. Retrieved from
http://www.scotcities.com/mackintosh/

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Images part one:
• Annan, J. (1893). [Photograph of Charles Rennie Mackintosh]. Retrieved from:
http://www.abbeville.com/interiors.asp?ISBN=1558597913
• Annan, R. & Annan, T. (1907). [Photograph of the Glasgow School of Art].
Retrieved from:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/12761/Glasgow-School-of-Art-
library-by-Charles-Mackintosh-1907-09
• Mackintosh, C.R. (1892). Invitation to the Glasgow School of Art. [Drawing]
Retrieved from: http://www.huntsearch.gla.ac.uk/cgi-
bin/foxweb/huntsearch_Mackintosh/DetailedResults.fwx?searchTerm=41544
• Mackintosh, C.R. (1898). Argyle Chair. [Furniture] Retrieved from:
http://latinlover1102.wordpress.com/2009/08/24/old-and-new-designer/
• Mackintosh, C.R. (1901). There is Hope. [Drawing] Retrieved from:
http://fiddlesticksandnonsense.squarespace.com/posts-
old/2009/7/14/mackintoshthere-is-hope.html

14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Images part two:
• Mackintosh, C.R. (1898). Argyle Chair. [Furniture] Retrieved from:
http://latinlover1102.wordpress.com/2009/08/24/old-and-new-
designer/
• Mackintosh, C.R. (1886). An Antique Relief. [Painting] Retrieved from:
http://www.huntsearch.gla.ac.uk/cgi-
bin/foxweb/huntsearch_Mackintosh/DetailedResults.fwx?SearchTerm
=41030&reqMethod=Link
• Mackintosh, C.R. (1925). The Fort. [Painting] Retrieved from:
http://www.collioure.com.au/mackintosh3.htm
• Newberry, F. (1914). Charles Rennie Mackintosh. [Painting] Retrieved
from: http://www.nationalgalleries.org/collection/artists-a-
z/N/3620/artist_name/Francis%20Henry%20Newbery/record_id/2644

15. THE TEAM
• Amy Young
• Chandler Heath
• Heston Hawe
• Shangyuan “Giles” Yang
• Presenters: Chandler and Heston
• All team members worked on all other aspects of
the project equally