M2 basic virus_hg
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Viruses are small infectious particles that contain genetic material inside a protein coat. They are not living and can only reproduce inside host cells by hijacking the cell's machinery. There are two main types of viruses - those containing DNA and those containing RNA. All viruses have a basic structure that includes the genetic material surrounded by a protein capsid and sometimes an outer lipid envelope. Viruses infect cells by attaching to and entering the cell, then using the cell to replicate their genome and proteins and assemble new virus particles which are released to infect other cells. The immune system helps fight viral infections through cell-mediated immunity and antibody production.
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Viruses come in a wide diversity of shapes and structures. They contain either DNA or RNA genetic material within a protein capsid shell that protects the nucleic acid. Some viruses have an additional outer membrane envelope. Viruses replicate solely within the living cells of their host by using the host's cellular machinery and cannot reproduce on their own. They range in complexity from simple viruses with just a few genes to more complex viruses with thousands of genes. Viruses infect all domains of life including animals, plants, bacteria, and archaea.
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Structure of virus
Viruses lack cellular structures like nuclei, cytoplasm, and cell membranes. They contain nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an envelope outside the capsid made of lipids and proteins. Viruses' nucleic acids can be DNA or RNA, single or double stranded. Bacteriophages follow two life cycles: lytic, causing host cell lysis, or lysogenic, where the phage DNA integrates into the host chromosome without killing the cell.
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1. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material but not both. This nucleic acid has unique chemical and physical features that distinguish it from human nucleic acid.
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The document discusses several key aspects of virus structure and replication. It describes the basic components of viral structure, including the capsid, nucleocapsid, and presence or absence of an envelope. The summary also notes that enveloped viruses are sensitive to drying and detergents, while naked capsid viruses can survive harsher conditions. It then provides brief overviews of the replication cycles and host interactions of paramyxoviruses, rabies virus, rotavirus, and how these viruses cause disease.
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Viruses are the smallest infectious agents that can only replicate inside living cells. They contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, encased within a protein shell called a capsid. Some viruses have an outer envelope as well. Viruses infect cells by binding to specific receptors on the host cell and introducing their genetic material. Inside the cell, viruses use the host cell's machinery to produce new virus particles that are then released to infect other cells. Viruses are classified based on properties like morphology, genome type, replication strategy, and antigenic characteristics. Major virus families include DNA viruses like herpesviruses, adenoviruses and parvoviruses, and RNA viruses like picornaviruses, flavivir
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Viruses are infectious intracellular obligate parasites with subcellular level of organisation and without protoplasm, cell, cell organells and the molecular machineries for energy metabolism and protein synthesis,Grouped on the basis of size and shape, chemical composition and structure of the genome and mode of replication
most viruses have a specific shape that is determined by the capsomeres or the envelope.
Capsid symmetry - Three types
(1) HELICAL CAPSID
(2) ICOSAHEDRALCAPSID
(3) COMPLEX CAPSID
Capsid - large macromolecular structures.
Made up of proteins called capsomers.
Chemical unit of capsomers are polypeptide chain.
Capsid - surrounded by lipoprotein layer called envelop
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Presence of lipid -envelope seems flexible and loose.
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Viruses lecture 1
Concept of virology
Viruses
Types of viruses
Viral characteristics
Virion
Size and Shape
Structure
Replication
Viral Variation
Classification
Quiz
BEST OF LUCK
Lecture1.pptx
Viruses are genetic parasites that require a living host cell to reproduce. They contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material and have a protein coat called a capsid that surrounds their nucleic acid. Some viruses have an additional envelope acquired from the host cell. Viruses range in size from 0.015 to 0.4 micrometers. They are classified based on their nucleic acid composition, genome structure, presence of an envelope, and other characteristics. Viruses can be DNA or RNA viruses and have linear, circular, segmented, or non-segmented genomes that are single-stranded or double-stranded in polarity.
Virus.ppt
Viruses are parasites that can only replicate inside living host cells. They are made up of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat and have no cell structure of their own. Viruses come in many shapes and sizes but are typically 20-400 nanometers. They infect bacteria, plants, and animals. A virus replicates by entering a host cell, releasing its genetic material, and hijacking the cell's machinery to produce new virus particles that eventually cause the cell to burst and release new viruses. Viruses can have DNA or RNA as their genetic material and replicate through either a lytic or lysogenic cycle.
Bohomolets Microbiology Lecture #4
The document discusses different types of infectious agents including viruses, viroids, virusoids, and prions. It describes their structures and compositions. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that contain their own genome and proteins. Viroids contain only RNA, virusoids contain nucleic acid and a virus capsid, and prions are composed solely of protein. Defective viruses also require a helper virus. The document then discusses the history of virology discoveries and provides comparisons of viruses and cells.
Virus, its types, classification and replication of virus
Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside host cells. They have either DNA or RNA genomes protected by protein capsids and some have an outer envelope. Viruses are classified based on their genome type, capsid structure, and replication method. The Baltimore classification system categorizes viruses based on how they synthesize mRNA. Viral replication follows seven stages: adsorption, entry, uncoating, transcription, synthesis of components, assembly, and release. Replication can occur via the lytic cycle which destroys the host cell, or the lysogenic cycle which the virus genome remains dormant in the host.
Virology intro 1
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that contain either DNA or RNA, but not both. They lack cellular organization and rely on host cells for reproduction. Viruses come in a variety of shapes and sizes, with the largest being 300nm and smallest 20nm. They infect host cells by binding to specific cell surface receptors and introducing their genetic material. Viruses then hijack the host cell's machinery to produce viral components and assemble new virus particles, which are then released to infect other cells.
Virus
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that consist of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. They can only reproduce inside a living host cell by using the host's materials and enzymes. Viruses come in a wide range of sizes but are generally 20-400 nanometers. Some viruses have an envelope formed from the host cell membrane that may contain spikes. The complete, infectious viral particle is called a virion. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and have a more complex structure including a head and tail used to inject viral DNA. They can undergo lytic replication, releasing new virus particles, or lysogenic replication where their DNA inserts into the host chromosome.
Virus classification by Kainat Ramzan
Viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat. Viruses range from the
structurally simple and small parvoviruses and picornaviruses to the large and complex
poxviruses and herpesviruses. Viruses are classified on the basis of morphology, chemical
composition, and mode of replication. The viruses that infect humans are currently grouped into 21 families, reflecting only a small part of the spectrum of the multitude of different viruses whose host ranges extend from vertebrates to protozoa and from plants and fungi to bacteria.
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M2 basic virus_hg
- 1. Viruses
- 2. What is a virus? ‘Infectious particle’ Genetic material Protein coat
- 3. Properties of a virus • A virus is a very small, infectious, obligate intracellular parasite • Virus particles are not living • Viruses are chemicals, and by themselves cannot reproduce • A susceptible and permissive cellular host is needed for viruses to reproduce • All viruses must make mRNA that can be translated by host ribosomes
- 6. DNA RNA OR + Basic virus structure DNA RNA OR +
- 7. DNA RNA OR + Capsid Protein Basic virus structure DNA RNA OR + Capsid Protein
- 8. DNA RNA OR + Capsid Protein Basic virus structure DNA RNA OR + Capsid Protein
- 9. Basic virus structure DNA RNA OR + Capsid Protein Nucleocapsid DNA RNA OR + Capsid Protein
- 13. Basic virus structure DNA RNA OR + Capsid Protein Nucleocapsid DNA RNA + Capsid Protein = + Lipid membrane Glycoproteins
- 14. Basic virus structure DNA RNA OR + Capsid Protein Nucleocapsid DNA RNA + Capsid Protein = + Lipid membrane Glycoproteins Enveloped virus
- 16. Attachment
- 17. Attachment: tropism Lock and key
- 18. Penetration
- 19. Disassembly
- 26. Release
- 27. Retroviruses
- 28. Outcome of cellular infection
- 29. Immune response • Cell mediated immunity – Important in the recovery from viral illness • Antibodies – Important in the protection from repeat exposure