This document discusses environmental management systems (EMS). It defines an EMS as a system and processes that allow an organization to reduce environmental impacts and increase efficiency. The basic elements of an EMS are reviewing environmental goals, analyzing impacts and legal requirements, setting objectives and targets, establishing programs to meet them, monitoring progress, ensuring employee awareness and competence, and reviewing/improving the system. An effective EMS follows the "Plan-Do-Check-Act" cycle of planning environmental objectives, implementing them, evaluating performance, and taking corrective actions. Benefits include improved compliance, pollution prevention, and enhanced public image, while costs include staff time and potential consulting/training. Examples of EMS certifications mentioned are ISO 14