Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted to humans mainly by deer ticks, and presents a variety of symptoms that develop after a tick bite. It is classified into three stages: localized, disseminated, and persistent, with the latter potentially leading to chronic conditions such as lyme arthritis. Prevention includes avoiding tick-infested areas, wearing protective clothing, and prompt tick removal to minimize infection risk.

1. LYME DISEASE
Muhammad Jamil
DPT FINAL YEAR

2. ABOUT LYME DISEASE
Bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi
Deer Tick
An inflammatory disease
● That is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi , which is transmitted to
humans by the deer tick.
● There is a wide range of symptoms that usually develop days to weeks after the
tick bite. The symptoms depend on the particular microbe that is transmitted.
The first sign of Lyme disease is a
● Red, circular, expanding rash, usually radiating from the tick bite, followed
by flu-like symptoms and joint
● Most tick bites do not transmit harmful microbes

3. Lyme is classified into 3 stages
Like syphilis, Lyme is classified into 3 stages: localized, disseminated
and persistent. The first two stages are part of early infection and the
third stage is part of persistent or chronic disease.
Stage 3 usually occurs within 12 months of the infection.
• Stage 1: Localized disease associated with erythema migrans and flu-
like symptoms; Duration 1 to 30 day
• Stage 2: Early disseminated disease with malaise, pain, and flu-like
symptoms; May affect the neurological, ocular, and musculoskeletal
organs; Duration 3 to 10 weeks
• Stage 3: Late or chronic disease chiefly affects the joints, muscles, and
nerves, May last months or years, Lyme arthritis is a hallmark of this
stage.
• The occurrence of post-treatment Lyme syndrome is debatable.

4. PREVENTION
Basic treatment Protocloe
DIAGNOSIS
How to Diagnose ?
TREATMENT
Preventive Measures
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PATH-PHYSIOLOGY
Behind the Cause
SIGN & SYMPTOMS
On The Baises of Acute and
Chronic Diseases
CAUSES
Well Discused The Basis
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6. How does Lyme affect the nervous
system?
• Borrelia, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, can invade
the nervous system, creating a condition called Lyme
neuroborreliosis.
• Neuroborreliosis is caused by a systemic infection of
spirochetes of the genus Borrelia.
Symptoms of the disease include erythema migrans and flu-like
symptoms.

8. CAUSES
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• Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi
and Borrelia mayonii, carried primarily by black-legged or deer
ticks. Young brown ticks often are no bigger than a poppy seed,
which can make them nearly impossible to spot.
• To contract Lyme disease, an infected deer tick must bite you.
• Deer ticks generally feed on the blood of deer, small birds, and
mice, but are opportunistic and will also feed on the blood of
other hosts such as cats, dogs, horses, and humans. Infected
deer ticks transmit the bacteria to their host during the process of
feeding.

9. Cont.. • In most cases, to transmit Lyme disease, a deer tick must be
attached for 36 to 48 hours. If you find an attached tick that looks
swollen, it may have fed long enough to transmit bacteria.
Removing the tick as soon as possible might prevent infection.
• Risks for being bitten by a tick capable of
transmitting Borrelia bacteria include spending time outdoors in
wooded or grassy areas .
• Walking in wooded or grassy areas in shorts and/or short sleeves
increases the risk because of the higher surface area of exposed
skin.

10. • The risk of acquiring an
infection also increases if a
tick is allowed to remain
attached to the body for more
than 48 hours, allowing it to
take in a full “blood meal.” If a
tick is identified and
removed prior to that time,
the risk of infection is low.

11. COMPLICATIONS
Untreated Lyme disease can cause:
• Chronic joint inflammation (Lyme arthritis), particularly
of the knee
• Neurological symptoms
such as facial palsy and neuropathy
• Cognitive defects
such as impaired memory
Heart rhythm irregularities

12. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• B. burgdorferi enters the skin at the site of the tick bite.
• After 3 to 32 days,
• The organisms migrate locally in the skin around the bite,
spread via the lymphatics to cause regional adenopathy or
disseminate in blood to organs or other skin sites.
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14. Cont..

15. TREATMENT
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16. PREVENTION
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• Avoid tick-infested areas, especially during summer months
• Walk on cleared or paved surfaces when available, rather
than tall grass
• Wear long pants, sleeved shirts, and close-toed shoes
• Light-colored clothing makes it easier to locate a tick
• Always check for ticks whenever coming from outdoors. The
risk of Lyme disease is minimized when the tick is removed
within 36 hours.
• Showering immediately after being outdoors reduces the risk
of tick attachment
• Wash clothing that's been outdoors (dryer kills ticks)
• Remove the tick only by using tweezers to pull the tick
directly off the skin (no twisting)
• After removal of the tick, wash site with soap and water and
then swab the area with antiseptic [4]

17. Physical Therapy Management
• Early-stage Lyme disease can only be treated with antibiotics and
other adjunct medications such as analgesics. Some doctors will
refer patients with chronic Lyme disease symptoms that do not
respond to medication to physical therapy.
• The role that physical therapy plays in the treatment of Lyme
disease is primarily to : Relieve pain,
• Prepare de-conditioned patients to begin a home-based exercise
program
• Educate patients regarding proper exercise technique and
frequency, duration, and resistance appropriate to achieve
wellness benefits without exacerbating Lyme-related symptoms.

18. Physical therapy interventions include:
• Massage,
• Range of motion,
• Myofascial release
• Modalities including ultrasound, moist heat, and paraffin.
• Generally, ice packs and electrical stimulation are
contraindicated, though there is no research to support this.
• Exercise prescription is aimed at improving strength and
gradually increasing the patient's conditioning level which may
be severely impaired as a result of chronic Lyme infection.
Whole-body workouts generally feature extensive stretching,
light callisthenics, and light resistance training with low loads
and high repetitions.
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19. THANKS