Uploaded byMurdin Amit
Lvf + rvf heart failure
The document discusses heart failure, including its causes, types, signs and symptoms. It defines heart failure as when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Left heart failure involves the left ventricle, and can be systolic or diastolic. Right heart failure usually occurs secondary to left heart failure. Common causes include coronary artery disease, heart attack, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, edema, fatigue, lack of appetite, and confusion.
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Lvf + rvf heart failure
- 1. Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Heart Failure CCF/CHF LVF 1st + RVF 2nd = CCF/CHF By : Mr Murdin b Amit Bsc in Health Science (Hons), Ba in Buissness Administration (Hrm)(Hons) Head of Medical Science Subject College of Assistant Medical Officer, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan murdin_1966@yahoo.com HP: 012 - 6044385
- 2. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • What is Heart Failure? – The heart is not pumping as well as it should – Usually, the heart has been weakened by an underlying condition • Blocked arteries • Heart attack • High blood pressure • Infections • Heart valve abnormalities
- 3. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • What is Heart Failure? – Heart failure can involve the left or right side of the heart or both – Usually the left side is affected first – Heart failure occurs when either side of the heart cannot keep up with the flow of blood
- 4. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • What is Heart Failure?
- 5. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • What is Left Heart Failure? – Involves the left ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart – Systolic failure • The heart looses it’s ability to contract or pump blood into the circulation – Diastolic failure • The heart looses it’s ability to relax because it becomes stiff • Heart cannot fill properly between each beat
- 6. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • What is Left Heart Failure? – Systolic and diastolic heart failure are treated with different types of medications – In both types, blood may “back up” in the lungs causing fluid to leak into the lungs (pulmonary edema) – Fluid may also build up in tissues throughout the body (edema)
- 7. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • What is Right Heart Failure? – Usually occurs as a result of left heart failure – The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for oxygen – Occasionally isolated right heart failure can occur due to lung disease or blood clots to the lung (pulmonary embolism)
- 8. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • How fast does heart failure develop? – Usually a chronic disease – The heart tries to compensate for the loss in pumping function by: • Developing more muscle mass • Enlarging • Pumping faster
- 9. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • What Causes Heart Failure? – Health conditions that either damage the heart or make it work too hard • Coronary artery disease • Heart attack • High blood pressure • Abnormal heart valves • Heart muscle diseases (cardiomyopathy) • Heart inflammation (myocarditis)
- 10. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • What Causes Heart Failure? • Congenital heart defects • Severe lung disease • Diabetes • Severe anemia • Overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) • Abnormal heart rhythms
- 11. Lifestyles, Fitness Heart Failure and Rehabilitation • What Causes Heart Failure? – Coronary artery disease • Cholesterol and fatty deposits build up in the heart’s arteries • Less blood and oxygen reach the heart muscle • This causes the heart to work harder and occasionally damages the heart muscle
- 12. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • What Causes Heart Failure? – Heart attack • An artery supplying blood to the heart becomes blocked • Loss of oxygen and nutrients damages heart muscle tissue causing it to die • Remaining healthy heart muscle must pump harder to keep up
- 13. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • What Causes Heart Failure? – High blood pressure • Uncontrolled high blood pressure doubles a persons risk of developing heart failure • Heart must pump harder to keep blood circulating • Over time, chamber first thickens, then gets larger and weaker
- 14. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • What Causes Heart Failure? – Abnormal heart valves – Heart muscle disease • Damage to heart muscle due to drugs, alcohol or infections – Congenital heart disease – Severe lung disease
- 15. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • What Causes Heart Failure? – Diabetes • Tend to have other conditions that make the heart work harder • Obesity • Hypertension • High cholesterol
- 16. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • What Causes Heart Failure? – Severe anemia • Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen • Heart beats faster and can become overtaxed with the effort – Hyperthyroidism • Body metabolism is increased and overworks the heart – Abnormal Heart Rhythm • If the heart beats too fast, too slow or irregular it may not be able to pump enough blood to the body
- 17. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure – Shortness of Breath (dyspnea) • WHY? – Blood “backs up” in the pulmonary veins because the heart can’t keep up with the supply an fluid leaks into the lungs • SYMPTOMS – Dyspnea on exertion or at rest – Difficulty breathing when lying flat – Waking up short of breath
- 18. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure – Persistent Cough or Wheezing • WHY? – Fluid “backs up” in the lungs • SYMPTOMS – Coughing that produces white or pink blood- tinged sputum (Froty Sputum)
- 19. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure – Edema • WHY? – Decreased blood flow out of the weak heart – Blood returning to the heart from the veins “backs up” causing fluid to build up in tissues • SYMPTOMS – Swelling in feet, ankles, legs or abdomen – Weight gain
- 20. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure – Tiredness, fatigue • WHY? – Heart can’t pump enough blood to meet needs of bodies tissues – Body diverts blood away from less vital organs (muscles in limbs) and sends it to the heart and brain • SYMPTOMS – Constant tired feeling – Difficulty with everyday activities
- 21. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure – Lack of appetite/ Nausea • WHY? – The digestive system receives less blood causing problems with digestion – Physiological disturbance to Vagus nerve • SYMPTOMS – Feeling of being full or sick to your stomach
- 22. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure – Confusion/ Impaired thinking • WHY? – Changing levels of substances in the blood ( sodium) can cause confusion – Lack of O2 reach to the brain • SYMPTOMS – Memory loss or feeling of disorientation – Relative or caregiver may notice this first
- 23. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure – Increased heart rate • WHY? – The heart beats faster to “make up for” the loss in pumping function • SYMPTOMS – Heart palpitations – May feel like the heart is racing or throbbing
- 24. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification Class % of patients Symptoms I 35% No symptoms or limitations in ordinary physical activity II 35% Mild symptoms and slight limitation during ordinary activity III 25% Marked limitation in activity even during minimal activity. Comfortable only at rest IV 5% Severe limitation. Experiences symptoms even at rest
- 25. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Treatment Options – The more common forms of heart failure cannot be cured, but can be treated • Lifestyle changes • Medications • Surgery
- 26. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Lifestyle changes – Stop smoking – Loose weight – Avoid alcohol – Avoid or limit caffeine – Eat a low-fat, low-sodium diet – Exercise
- 27. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Lifestyle changes – Reduce stress – Keep track of symptoms and weight and report any changes or concern to the doctor – Limit fluid intake – See the doctor more frequently
- 28. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Medications used to treat Heart Failure – ACE Inhibitors (Enalapril 5-10mg bd/tds) • Cornerstone of heart failure therapy • Proven to slow the progression of heart failure • Vasodilator – cause blood vessels to expand lowering blood pressure and the hearts work load
- 29. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Medications used to treat Heart Failure – Diuretics (water pills) – Frusemide 40-80mg • Prescribed for fluid build up, swelling or edema • Cause kidneys to remove more sodium and water from the bloodstream • Decreases workload of the heart and edema • Fine balance – removing too much fluid can strain kidneys or cause low blood pressure
- 30. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Medications used to treat Heart Failure – Potassium • Most diuretics remove potassium from the body • Potassium pills compensate for the amount lost in the urine • Potassium helps control heart rhythm and is essential for the normal work of the nervous system and muscles
- 31. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Medications used to treat Heart Failure – Vasodilators • Hydrallazine 100mg stat or Prazosin 1-2mg bd/tds • Cause blood vessel walls to relax • Occasionally used if patient cannot tolerate ACE • Decrease workload of the heart
- 32. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Medications used to treat Heart Failure – Digitalis preparations • Digoxin 0.25mg-0.5mg bd • Increases the force of the hearts contractions, increases the blood stroke volume • Relieves symptoms • Slows heart rate and certain irregular heart beats
- 33. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Medications used to treat Heart Failure – Beta-blockers (Tab Metoprolol 50-200mg) • Lower the heart rate and blood pressure • Decrease the workload of the heart – Blood-thinners (coumadin) • Used in patients at risk for developing blood clots in the blood vessels, legs, lung and heart • Used in irregular heart rhythms due to risk of stroke
- 34. Heart Failure Lifestyles, Fitness andRehabilitation • Treatment options – Surgery and other Medical Procedures • Not often used in heart failure unless there is a correctable problem • Coronary artery bypass • Angioplasty • Valve replacement • Defibrillator implantation • Heart transplantation • Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)